Fig. 3. Histological magnifications of specimens exposing a significant areas of lamellar bone in-between and parallel to the surface of older trabeculae (accentuated by green overlay), b osteoclastic activity, and c active bone formation at intrabony marginal regions
Fig. 3. Histological magnifications of specimens exposing a significant areas of lamellar bone in-between and parallel to the ...
Fig. 2. Histological view (buccal aspect) displaying mean BIC (%) and mean bone density (%) at corresponding regions (500 μm zones) from BD to A. Blue lines along the implant perimeter display BIC presence and yellow lines display BIC absence
Fig. 2. Histological view (buccal aspect) displaying mean BIC (%) and mean bone density (%) at corresponding regions (500 μm zones) from BD to A. Blue...
Fig. 1. Histological section illustrating the landmarks to determine the conducted histomorphometrical length measurements: DL, RB, and BIC at buccal RB. The red square frames the intra-thread area (ROI) for OD and ELD analysis
Fig. 1. Histological section illustrating the landmarks to determine the conducted histomorphometrical length measurements: DL, RB, and BIC at buccal RB. The red squar...
SP ID Mean OD (number/mm2)Mean ELD (number/mm2)Osteocyte/empty lacuna ratio12932311.2622211021.3231122450.4541721021.6851621431.12Mean1921651.17SD ±6869.20.4595% CI(132–251)(103–225) Table 3 Mean osteocyte (OD) and empty lacunae density (ELD) at peri-implant residual bone
Specimen IDDL (mm)RB (mm)B.Ar/T.Ar (%)BIC (%)14.83.572.480.025.68.992.375.035.65.388.173.843.87.781.868.753.63.292.571.1Mean4.75.785.574.0SD ±1.02.58.04.095% CI3.1–4.93.3–6.878–9270.6–77.6Table 2 Results from histomorphometric measurements exhibiting DL, RB, bone density (%), residual bone-to-implant contact (%) values
Sample ID
Gender
Age
Location
Prosthesis type
Loading time (years)
lmplant surface
Mean BOP (%)
Supp (+/−)
Mean PD (mm)
MBL (mm)
1
M
69
Maxilla
Single-screwed
5.1
Machined
100
+
6.4
B: 4.0P: 6.0
2
F
60
Mandible
Single-screwed
10.0
Machined
100
−
6.0
B: 4.5L: 5.0
3
F
60
Mandible
Single-screwed
10.0
Machined
100
−
6.2
B: 4.0L: 5...
Galárraga-Vinueza, M., Tangl, S., Bianchini, M. et al. Histological characteristics of advanced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans. Int J Implant Dent 6, 12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00208-8
Download citation
Received: 08 January 2020
Accepted: 19 February 2020
Published: 25 March 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00208-8
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material...
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The study protocol no. 3437751 was approved by the Human Research Committee at Federal University of Santa Catarina-Brazil, 2016–2021, and all patients signed an informed consent according to the university ethics regulations.
Not applicable
The authors declare that they have no competing of interests.
MG, FS, RG, and MB contributed to the design of the study. ST and KO contributed to study selection and data extraction. MG, RM, FS, RG, MB, ST, and KO contributed to the drafting of the paper and revising it critically. All authors read, revised, and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to
Reinhard Gruber.
Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Carolinum, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
Maria Elisa Galárraga-Vinueza, Karina Obreja & Frank Schwarz
Post-Graduate Program in Implant Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Maria Elisa Galárraga-Vinueza, Marco Bianchini & Ricardo Magini
Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Rese...
The present study was funded by the authors’ own departments.
Kohal R-J, Patzelt SBM, Butz F, Sahlin H. One-piece zirconia oral implants: one-year results from a prospective case series. 2. Three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) reconstruction. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2018 Nov 15];40(5):553–562. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23506654.
Dallas SL, Prideaux M, Bonewald LF. The osteocyte: an endocrine cell ... and mor...
Berglundh T, Gislason O, Lekholm U, Sennerby L, Lindhe J. Histopathological observations of human periimplantitis lesions. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2019 Mar 13];31(5):341–347. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00486.x.
Zitzmann NU, Berglundh T, Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Spontaneous progression of experimentally induced periimplantitis. J Clin Periodonto...
Schwarz F, Herten M, Sager M, Bieling K, Sculean A, Becker J. Comparison of naturally occurring and ligature-induced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans and dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2019 Mar 18];18(2):161–170. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01320.x.
Serino G, Turri A, Lang NP. Probing at implants with peri-implantitis and its relati...
Schwarz F, Derks J, Monje A, Wang H-L. Peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(June 2016):S246–66.
Berglundh T, Armitage G, Araujo MG, Avila-Ortiz G, Blanco J, Camargo PM, et al. Peri-implant diseases and conditions: consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2018 ...
Most apical extension of the residual bone tissue
Bone area
Bone defect
Bone-to-implant contact
Bleeding on probing
Cone beam computed tomography
Confidence interval
Disto-buccal
Defect length
Disto-oral
Empty lacuna density
Implant shoulder
Mesio-buccal
Marginal bone loss
Mesio-oral
Oral
Osteocyte density
Probing depth
Residual bone
Region of interest
Surface area
Standard de...
The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author or reasonable request.
In conclusion, the findings of this case series based on dental implants that had to be retrieved because of advanced peri-implantitis and the concomitant inflammatory osteolysis suggest that the residual peri-implant bone might accumulate the functional load and is consequently modeled and reinforced to become cortical bone.
When further interpreting the present study, the peri-implant osteocyte lacunae density after 1 to 27 years in function was reported [28]. In line with our findings, empty osteocytic lacunae adjacent to zirconia implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis were described [29]. Based on counting the osteocyte lacunae, we observed that numerous filled but also empty osteocytic lacunae were present withi...
The present study was inspired by the concept that upon advanced loss of cortical peri-implant bone, the remaining peri-implant trabecular bone is subjected to masticatory forces and reinforced as a consequence of functional adaptation [15]. This adaptation depends on vital osteocytes [16]. Therefore, the present human case series aimed at investigate the peri-implant bone in advanced peri-implant...
The clinical and radiographic characteristics of the implant sites are presented in Table 1. In total, 3 implants were located in the maxilla, while two implants were located in the mandible. While all implants showed bleeding on probing, only 2 implants presented with suppuration on gentle probing. Mean probing depth was 6.3 ± 0.4 mm corresponding to a mean marginal bone loss (MBL) of 4.7 ± 1.0...
RB was divided into 500-μm-wide horizontal zones (from BD to A) following the long axis of the implant. For each of these individual zones, BIC and bone density (B.Ar/T.Ar) were determined. Osteocyte and empty osteocytic lacunae were counted along the region of interest (ROI) (i.e., the area encompassing the intra-thread regions along the buccal RB extension) (Fig. 1) using a software program (Im...
Cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans were obtained from each patient for the surgical planning of implant removal. Linear measurements of the defect length (DL) at affected implants were made by drawing a vertical line, following the long axis of the implant, from the implant shoulder (IS) to the bottom of the defect (BD) at buccal and oral aspects in the CBCT data sets (Implant viewer, ver...
The present study included 4 patients, 3 female and 1 male (mean age of 66 ± 5 years), who attended the Implant Dentistry Department at Federal University of Santa Catarina, complaining of pain, discomfort, suppuration, and/or bleeding at implant sites. All patients revealed a history of periodontal disease, were non-smokers (100%), and reported no additional systemic diseases. The patients exhi...
Peri-implantitis was recently defined as a “pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants”, which is “characterized by inflammation in the peri-implant connective tissue and a progressive loss of supporting bone” [1,2,3,4].
Human biopsies confirmed the presence of plasma cells, macrophages, and neutrophils [5] and elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines [6, 7] a...
Inflammatory osteolysis is the clinical hallmark of peri-implantitis. The morphology of the remaining peri-implant bone and the level of osseointegration, however, remain unknown. Our aim was to characterize advanced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans.
Four patients (3 female and 1 male) were diagnosed with peri-implantitis. A total of 5 implants with machined surfaces and a mean loading tim...
Fig. 3. Histological magnifications of specimens exposing a significant areas of lamellar bone in-between and parallel to the surface of older trabeculae (accentuated by green overlay), b osteoclastic activity, and c active bone formation at intrabony marginal regions
Fig. 3. Histological magnifications of specimens exposing a significant areas of lamellar bone in-between and parallel to the ...
Fig. 2. Histological view (buccal aspect) displaying mean BIC (%) and mean bone density (%) at corresponding regions (500 μm zones) from BD to A. Blue lines along the implant perimeter display BIC presence and yellow lines display BIC absence
Fig. 2. Histological view (buccal aspect) displaying mean BIC (%) and mean bone density (%) at corresponding regions (500 μm zones) from BD to A. Blue...
Fig. 1. Histological section illustrating the landmarks to determine the conducted histomorphometrical length measurements: DL, RB, and BIC at buccal RB. The red square frames the intra-thread area (ROI) for OD and ELD analysis
Fig. 1. Histological section illustrating the landmarks to determine the conducted histomorphometrical length measurements: DL, RB, and BIC at buccal RB. The red squar...
SP ID Mean OD (number/mm2)Mean ELD (number/mm2)Osteocyte/empty lacuna ratio12932311.2622211021.3231122450.4541721021.6851621431.12Mean1921651.17SD ±6869.20.4595% CI(132–251)(103–225) Table 3 Mean osteocyte (OD) and empty lacunae density (ELD) at peri-implant residual bone
Specimen IDDL (mm)RB (mm)B.Ar/T.Ar (%)BIC (%)14.83.572.480.025.68.992.375.035.65.388.173.843.87.781.868.753.63.292.571.1Mean4.75.785.574.0SD ±1.02.58.04.095% CI3.1–4.93.3–6.878–9270.6–77.6Table 2 Results from histomorphometric measurements exhibiting DL, RB, bone density (%), residual bone-to-implant contact (%) values
Sample ID
Gender
Age
Location
Prosthesis type
Loading time (years)
lmplant surface
Mean BOP (%)
Supp (+/−)
Mean PD (mm)
MBL (mm)
1
M
69
Maxilla
Single-screwed
5.1
Machined
100
+
6.4
B: 4.0P: 6.0
2
F
60
Mandible
Single-screwed
10.0
Machined
100
−
6.0
B: 4.5L: 5.0
3
F
60
Mandible
Single-screwed
10.0
Machined
100
−
6.2
B: 4.0L: 5...
Galárraga-Vinueza, M., Tangl, S., Bianchini, M. et al. Histological characteristics of advanced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans. Int J Implant Dent 6, 12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00208-8
Download citation
Received: 08 January 2020
Accepted: 19 February 2020
Published: 25 March 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00208-8
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material...
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The study protocol no. 3437751 was approved by the Human Research Committee at Federal University of Santa Catarina-Brazil, 2016–2021, and all patients signed an informed consent according to the university ethics regulations.
Not applicable
The authors declare that they have no competing of interests.
MG, FS, RG, and MB contributed to the design of the study. ST and KO contributed to study selection and data extraction. MG, RM, FS, RG, MB, ST, and KO contributed to the drafting of the paper and revising it critically. All authors read, revised, and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Reinhard Gruber.
Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Carolinum, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
Maria Elisa Galárraga-Vinueza, Karina Obreja & Frank Schwarz
Post-Graduate Program in Implant Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Maria Elisa Galárraga-Vinueza, Marco Bianchini & Ricardo Magini
Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Rese...
The present study was funded by the authors’ own departments.
Kohal R-J, Patzelt SBM, Butz F, Sahlin H. One-piece zirconia oral implants: one-year results from a prospective case series. 2. Three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) reconstruction. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2018 Nov 15];40(5):553–562. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23506654.
Dallas SL, Prideaux M, Bonewald LF. The osteocyte: an endocrine cell ... and mor...
Berglundh T, Gislason O, Lekholm U, Sennerby L, Lindhe J. Histopathological observations of human periimplantitis lesions. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2019 Mar 13];31(5):341–347. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00486.x.
Zitzmann NU, Berglundh T, Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Spontaneous progression of experimentally induced periimplantitis. J Clin Periodonto...
Schwarz F, Herten M, Sager M, Bieling K, Sculean A, Becker J. Comparison of naturally occurring and ligature-induced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans and dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2019 Mar 18];18(2):161–170. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01320.x.
Serino G, Turri A, Lang NP. Probing at implants with peri-implantitis and its relati...
Schwarz F, Derks J, Monje A, Wang H-L. Peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(June 2016):S246–66.
Berglundh T, Armitage G, Araujo MG, Avila-Ortiz G, Blanco J, Camargo PM, et al. Peri-implant diseases and conditions: consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2018 ...
Most apical extension of the residual bone tissue
Bone area
Bone defect
Bone-to-implant contact
Bleeding on probing
Cone beam computed tomography
Confidence interval
Disto-buccal
Defect length
Disto-oral
Empty lacuna density
Implant shoulder
Mesio-buccal
Marginal bone loss
Mesio-oral
Oral
Osteocyte density
Probing depth
Residual bone
Region of interest
Surface area
Standard de...
The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author or reasonable request.
In conclusion, the findings of this case series based on dental implants that had to be retrieved because of advanced peri-implantitis and the concomitant inflammatory osteolysis suggest that the residual peri-implant bone might accumulate the functional load and is consequently modeled and reinforced to become cortical bone.
When further interpreting the present study, the peri-implant osteocyte lacunae density after 1 to 27 years in function was reported [28]. In line with our findings, empty osteocytic lacunae adjacent to zirconia implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis were described [29]. Based on counting the osteocyte lacunae, we observed that numerous filled but also empty osteocytic lacunae were present withi...
The present study was inspired by the concept that upon advanced loss of cortical peri-implant bone, the remaining peri-implant trabecular bone is subjected to masticatory forces and reinforced as a consequence of functional adaptation [15]. This adaptation depends on vital osteocytes [16]. Therefore, the present human case series aimed at investigate the peri-implant bone in advanced peri-implant...
The clinical and radiographic characteristics of the implant sites are presented in Table 1. In total, 3 implants were located in the maxilla, while two implants were located in the mandible. While all implants showed bleeding on probing, only 2 implants presented with suppuration on gentle probing. Mean probing depth was 6.3 ± 0.4 mm corresponding to a mean marginal bone loss (MBL) of 4.7 ± 1.0...
RB was divided into 500-μm-wide horizontal zones (from BD to A) following the long axis of the implant. For each of these individual zones, BIC and bone density (B.Ar/T.Ar) were determined. Osteocyte and empty osteocytic lacunae were counted along the region of interest (ROI) (i.e., the area encompassing the intra-thread regions along the buccal RB extension) (Fig. 1) using a software program (Im...
Cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans were obtained from each patient for the surgical planning of implant removal. Linear measurements of the defect length (DL) at affected implants were made by drawing a vertical line, following the long axis of the implant, from the implant shoulder (IS) to the bottom of the defect (BD) at buccal and oral aspects in the CBCT data sets (Implant viewer, ver...
The present study included 4 patients, 3 female and 1 male (mean age of 66 ± 5 years), who attended the Implant Dentistry Department at Federal University of Santa Catarina, complaining of pain, discomfort, suppuration, and/or bleeding at implant sites. All patients revealed a history of periodontal disease, were non-smokers (100%), and reported no additional systemic diseases. The patients exhi...
Peri-implantitis was recently defined as a “pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants”, which is “characterized by inflammation in the peri-implant connective tissue and a progressive loss of supporting bone” [1,2,3,4].
Human biopsies confirmed the presence of plasma cells, macrophages, and neutrophils [5] and elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines [6, 7] a...
Inflammatory osteolysis is the clinical hallmark of peri-implantitis. The morphology of the remaining peri-implant bone and the level of osseointegration, however, remain unknown. Our aim was to characterize advanced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans.
Four patients (3 female and 1 male) were diagnosed with peri-implantitis. A total of 5 implants with machined surfaces and a mean loading tim...
Fig. 6. Bone to implant contact (BIC) values (%) for commercial and modified implants in osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits after 15 and 30 days of implantation. Vertical lines represent standard deviations
Fig. 6. Bone to implant contact (BIC) values (%) for commercial and modified implants in osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits after 15 and 30 days of implantation. Vertical lines represent standard deviat...
Fig. 5. Bone mineral density (BMD) values in osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits after 30 days of implantation of both commercial and modified implants. Vertical lines represent standard deviations
Fig. 5. Bone mineral density (BMD) values in osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits after 30 days of implantation of both commercial and modified implants. Vertical lines represent standard deviations
Fig. 4. SEM image of the nanoroughness of the oxidized surfaces on control Ti6Al4V dental implants after 700 °C for 1 h
Fig. 4. SEM image of the nanoroughness of the oxidized surfaces on control Ti6Al4V dental implants after 700 °C for 1 h
Fig. 3. SEM image of the surface of control commercial Ti6Al4V dental implants
Fig. 3. SEM image of the surface of control commercial Ti6Al4V dental implants
Animal group
15d
Commercial
Modified
Without GH
With GH
...
Animal group
BMD (g cm−2) tibiae
BMD (g cm−2) vertebral column
Control
0.323 ± 0.014
0.285 ±...
Element
Atomic, %
Al
11.00
P
0.54
Ca
...
Bodelón, O.G., Clemente, C., Alobera, M.A. et al. Osseointegration of TI6Al4V dental implants modified by thermal oxidation in osteoporotic rabbits.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 18 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0051-5
Download citation
Received: 02 April 2016
Accepted: 07 July 2016
Published: 21 July 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0051-5
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
Oscar G. Bodelón
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
Celia Clemente & Soledad Aguado-Henche
Stomatology Department IV, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
Miguel Ang...
Raschke MJ, Bail H, Windhagen HJ, et al. Recombinant growth hormone accelerates bone regenerate consolidation in distraction osteogenesis. Bone. 1999;24:81–8.
Schmidmaier G, Wildemann B, Bail H, et al. Local application of growth factors (insulin-like growth factor-1 and transforming growth factor-β1) from a biodegradable poly(D, L-lactide) coating of osteosynthetic implants accelerates fractu...
Chappard D, Baslé MF, Legrand E, et al. New laboratory tools in the assessment of bone quality. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:2225–40.
Barranco V, Escudero ML, Garcia-Alonso MC. 3D, chemical and electrochemical characterization of blasted Ti6Al4V surfaces: Its influence on the corrosion behavior. Electrochim Acta. 2007;52:4374–84.
Diniz MG, Soares GA, Coelho MJ, et al. Surface topography modulate...
Lynch S, Buser D, Hernández RA, et al. Effects of the platelet derived growth factor insulin-like growth factor-I combination on bone regeneration around titanium dental implants. Results of a pilot study in beagle dogs. J Periodontol. 1991;62:710–6.
Calvo-Guirado JL, Mate-Sanchez J, Delgado-Ruiz R, et al. Effects of growth hormone on initial bone formation around dental implants: a dog study....
Lomholt TC, Pantleon K, Somers MAJ. In-vivo degradation mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V hip joints. Mater Sci Eng C. 2011;31:120–7.
Wisbey A, Gregson PJ, Peter LM, et al. Effect of surface treatment on the dissolution of titanium-based implant materials. Biomaterials. 1991;12:470–3.
Chen G, Wen X, Zhang N. Corrosion resistance and ion dissolution of titanium with different surface microroughness. Bio...
In summary, oxidation treatments of Ti6Al4V dental implants stimulate a better bone response at longer implantation times. The local application of GH on the implantation site showed no significant effect in the osseointegration process (from BMD and BIC measurements) of thermal and commercial Ti6Al4V dental implants during the first month of implantation.
During the first period of 15 days, the rabbit biokinetics is appropriate to initiate a formation of young bone, which can be confirmed or not, at 30 days. In this animal model, the bone formation can be initiated before 15 days, as has been seen in other studies, but it is very spars. Moreover, the first days guide us towards an evolution of the bone response that is confirmed at 15 days. It ...
In addition, the morphology of the hard rutile scale grown on the implant surface increases nanoroughness (Fig. 4). Studies carried out by Webster et al. [29] have pointed out the importance of the surface roughness at the nanometre range in the connectivity to bone. It has been discussed that the increase of micro- and submicro-scale surface roughness, with feature sizes comparable to those of r...
A good preparation of the implant surface in order to accommodate bone topographical features contributes to accelerate the assembly between the new bone formed and the metallic implant. Research has been consequently focused on the surface modifications of implants aimed to simulate the size of the proteins or cell membrane receptors. In vitro results about the influence of different micro-nanosc...
Table 2 shows the estimated mean values and standard deviations for the BMD in healthy (control) and osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits. The comparison of mean values established significant differences between control and OVX groups (p = 0.006). The BMD results show that the ovariectomy and hypocalcic diet described in (20) resulted being proper methods to have osteoporotic rabbits before the insert...
Figure 3 shows images at different magnifications by SEM of the typical threaded topography of the Ti6Al4V screws and the characteristic surface with cavities and holes heterogeneously dispersed due to the impingement of the particles used in the blasting process. The chemical analysis performed by EDX of a representative area (Table 1) shows the characteristics peaks of Ti, Al and V, together w...
Bone-implant interface sections were examined under the optical microscope (Zeiss, Oberkpchen, Germany) using histological laboratory stains such as toluidine blue with Weigert haematoxylin (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) that allows the differentiation between osteoblasts and osteoclasts [24].
The images were processed and cross-sections were compared by means of the MIP-4 image analyser software (...
The experimental design carried out with the experimental animals is summarized in Fig. 1. Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: control (healthy rabbits) and OVX (osteoporotic rabbits). Both of them were subjected to surgery to insert commercial (no thermally treated Ti6Al4V) and modified (thermally treated Ti6Al4V) implants. The half of the healthy and osteoporotic rabbits was treated ...
Threaded commercial titanium alloy implants (3.3 mm diameter and 8 mm length) from Zimmer® were used as control implants. They consisted of Ti6Al4V screws blasted with hydroxyapatite and subsequent acid attack with HCl. Screws with these prior surface treatments were submitted to a thermal treatment. The oxidation treatment was performed at 700 °C for 1 h, in air. After oxidation, samples we...
The aim of this study is to study the influence of the thermal treatment of Ti6Al4V dental implants and topical administration of growth hormone on the osseointegration process of osteoporotic rabbits during the first month of implantation.
The metallic biomaterials used in the substitution of hard tissues are subjected to the action of the physiological environment and mechanical efforts like fatigue, wear or friction that alter the operation success of implants and affect drastically the electrochemical properties of the surface. That is the case of Ti and its alloys, in which in vivo conditions alter the stability of the passive l...
In this work, the effect of the heat treatment on Ti6Al4V implants and topical administration of growth hormone to address a better osseointegration in osteoporotic patients has been analysed.
The osseointegration process of Ti6Al4V implants modified by oxidation treatment at 700 °C for 1 h and the influence of local administration of growth hormone (GH) in osteoporotic female rabbits after 15 ...
Fig. 6. Histomorphometric evaluation results (considering six sections for each biopsy), for newly formed bone, soft tissues, and others
Fig. 6. Histomorphometric evaluation results (considering six sections for each biopsy), for newly formed bone, soft tissues, and others
Fig. 5. Histomicrograph of a biopsy from the BC + EMD group, showing an aspect of newly formed bone. Section stained with picrosirius-hematoxylin and digitalized with bright-field (d) and linearly polarized light (e and f). e, f Results of near 45° section rotation (between axes B–B’ and C–C’) to compensate some of the orientation-related effects associated with linearly polarized l...
Fig. 4. Histomicrograph of a biopsy from the BC group, showing an aspect of newly formed bone. Section stained with picrosirius-hematoxylin and digitalized with bright-field (a) and linearly polarized light (b and c). b, c Results of near 45° section rotation (between axes B–B’ and C–C’) to compensate some of the orientation-related effects associated with linearly polarized light. In a...
Fig. 3. Histomicrograph of a biopsy from the BC + EMD group. Overview—×25 magnification; b ×30 magnification; c ×60 magnification. Areas corresponding to BC + EMD removed during histological processing (square) surrounded by newly formed bone (asterisk), with large numbers of osteocytes and soft tissue (arrow) can be observed. There is direct contact between the BC reminiscent, soft...
Fig. 2. Histomicrograph of a biopsy from the BC group. a Overview—×25 magnification; b ×30 magnification; c ×60 magnification. Areas corresponding to BC removed during histological processing (square) in direct contact with newly formed bone (asterisk), containing a large number of osteocytes, and with soft tissue (arrow) can be observed (hematoxylin-eosin stain)
Fig. 2. Histomicrograph ...
Fig. 1. Histomicrograph illustrating the various tissue areas measured on the sections: newly formed bone (green mask), soft tissues (purple mask), and “others”, including residual bone substitute particles and empty spaces either due to removal of the bone substitute particles during to the decalcification processing or due to artifacts (white mask)
Fig. 1. Histomicrograph illustrating t...
Nery, J.C., Pereira, L.A.V.D., Guimarães, G.F. et al. β-TCP/HA with or without enamel matrix proteins for maxillary sinus floor augmentation: a histomorphometric analysis of human biopsies.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 18 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0080-8
Download citation
Received: 08 December 2016
Accepted: 22 April 2017
Published: 04 May 2017
DOI: https://do...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
Correspondence to
James Carlos Nery.
Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
James Carlos Nery, George Furtado Guimarães & Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França
Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, UNICAMP – State University of Campinas, Institute of Biology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Luís Antônio Violin Dias Pereira
Department of Periodontology, UNESP – Univ. Estad...
Wikesjo UM, Sorensen RG, Kinoshita A, Wozney JM. RhBMP-2/alphaBSM induces significant vertical alveolar ridge augmentation and dental implant osseointegration. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2002;4:174–82.
Carinci F, Brunelli G, Franco M, Viscioni A, Rigo L, Guidi R, et al. A retrospective study on 287 implants installed in resorbed maxillae grafted with fresh frozen allogenous bone. Clin Implant...
Miron RJ, Sculean A, Cochran DL, Froum S, Zucchelli G, Nemcovsky C, et al. Twenty years of enamel matrix derivative: the past, the present and the future. J Clin Periodontol. 2016;43:668–83.
Sculean A, Nikolidakis D, Nikou G, Ivanovic A, Chapple IL, Stavropoulos A. Biomaterials for promoting periodontal regeneration in human intrabony defects: a systematic review. Periodontol 2000. 2015;68:182...
Esposito M, Felice P, Worthington HV. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;17:CD008397.
Jungner M, Cricchio G, Salata LA, Sennerby L, Lundqvist C, Hultcrantz M, et al. On the early mechanisms of bone formation after maxillary sinus membrane elevation: an experimental histological and immunohistochemical study. ...
The present study showed that maxillary sinus floor augmentation with BC resulted in adequate amounts of new bone formation allowing successful implant installation, while adding EMD did not have a significant effect.
Nevertheless, the amount of bone generated with BC or BC + EMD herein was adequate to support successful implant placement and osseointegration of implants. In fact, more or less similar amounts of bone formation have been reported in studies evaluating human sinus biopsies after grafting with a variety of biomaterials (bone formation ranging approximately from 30 to 50%) [19]. On the other ha...
The present study compared the histological and histomorphometrical outcome of healing after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with BC with or without EMD, based on human biopsies. The results showed that addition of EMD did not enhance the outcome of healing, neither in terms of quality nor quantity of new bone. Nevertheless, the amount of bone generated after maxillary sinus floor augmentation ...
All ten patients showed uneventful healing after the sinus floor augmentation procedure as well as after dental implant placement, with no overt postoperative inflammation or infection. Consistently, in all ten patients, no significant jiggling of the drill was noticed during biopsy harvesting, while subjective drilling resistance during implant placement was similar in both groups and all implant...
The data for each tissue component from the three histological sections were averaged to represent the biopsy. Commercially available software (GraphPad Prism 5.0 for Windows, GraphPad Software Inc., USA) was utilized for statistical comparisons between groups and for drawing the graphics. The assumption of normality was checked using D’Agostino & Pearson omnibus test. The data for each evaluate...
Six months after grafting, another CBCT examination was carried out for implant planning. In the sequence, following the previously described antiseptic and anesthetic procedures, two implants with a sand-blasted and acid etching surface were installed in each of the grafted sinuses, i.e., 40 implants in total (32—Neoporous, Neodent, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; 8—SLA, Straumann, Basel, Switzerl...
This research project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Dentistry and Dental Research Center São Leopoldo Mandic, Brazil, under the protocol 2010/0360.
Ten consecutive patients (age range 35–75 years) with the need of bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation prior to the placement of four dental implants (two in each side of posterior maxilla) were selected for the stu...
The aim of the present study was to compare histomorphometrically the outcome of maxillary sinus floor augmentation with β-TCP/HA with or without enamel matrix proteins (BC + EMD and EMD, respectively) in humans.
Reconstruction of the edentulous and severely atrophied posterior maxilla is often performed by means of maxillary sinus floor augmentation in combination with dental implants [1, 2]. Various bone graft materials are typically used for enhancing bone formation within the sinus cavity; autogenous bone (AB) is considered as the gold standard due to its osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive...
It is still unclear whether enamel matrix proteins (EMD) as adjunct to bone grafting enhance bone healing. This study compared histomorphometrically maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) with β-TCP/HA in combination with or without EMD in humans.
In ten systemically healthy patients needing bilateral MSFA, one side was randomly treated using β-TCP/HA mixed with EMD (BC + EMD) and the ot...
Fig. 6. Histomorphometric evaluation results (considering six sections for each biopsy), for newly formed bone, soft tissues, and others
Fig. 6. Histomorphometric evaluation results (considering six sections for each biopsy), for newly formed bone, soft tissues, and others
Fig. 5. Histomicrograph of a biopsy from the BC + EMD group, showing an aspect of newly formed bone. Section stained with picrosirius-hematoxylin and digitalized with bright-field (d) and linearly polarized light (e and f). e, f Results of near 45° section rotation (between axes B–B’ and C–C’) to compensate some of the orientation-related effects associated with linearly polarized l...
Fig. 4. Histomicrograph of a biopsy from the BC group, showing an aspect of newly formed bone. Section stained with picrosirius-hematoxylin and digitalized with bright-field (a) and linearly polarized light (b and c). b, c Results of near 45° section rotation (between axes B–B’ and C–C’) to compensate some of the orientation-related effects associated with linearly polarized light. In a...
Fig. 3. Histomicrograph of a biopsy from the BC + EMD group. Overview—×25 magnification; b ×30 magnification; c ×60 magnification. Areas corresponding to BC + EMD removed during histological processing (square) surrounded by newly formed bone (asterisk), with large numbers of osteocytes and soft tissue (arrow) can be observed. There is direct contact between the BC reminiscent, soft...
Fig. 2. Histomicrograph of a biopsy from the BC group. a Overview—×25 magnification; b ×30 magnification; c ×60 magnification. Areas corresponding to BC removed during histological processing (square) in direct contact with newly formed bone (asterisk), containing a large number of osteocytes, and with soft tissue (arrow) can be observed (hematoxylin-eosin stain)
Fig. 2. Histomicrograph ...
Fig. 1. Histomicrograph illustrating the various tissue areas measured on the sections: newly formed bone (green mask), soft tissues (purple mask), and “others”, including residual bone substitute particles and empty spaces either due to removal of the bone substitute particles during to the decalcification processing or due to artifacts (white mask)
Fig. 1. Histomicrograph illustrating t...
Nery, J.C., Pereira, L.A.V.D., Guimarães, G.F. et al. β-TCP/HA with or without enamel matrix proteins for maxillary sinus floor augmentation: a histomorphometric analysis of human biopsies.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 18 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0080-8
Download citation
Received: 08 December 2016
Accepted: 22 April 2017
Published: 04 May 2017
DOI: https://do...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
Correspondence to
James Carlos Nery.
Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
James Carlos Nery, George Furtado Guimarães & Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França
Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, UNICAMP – State University of Campinas, Institute of Biology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Luís Antônio Violin Dias Pereira
Department of Periodontology, UNESP – Univ. Estad...
Wikesjo UM, Sorensen RG, Kinoshita A, Wozney JM. RhBMP-2/alphaBSM induces significant vertical alveolar ridge augmentation and dental implant osseointegration. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2002;4:174–82.
Carinci F, Brunelli G, Franco M, Viscioni A, Rigo L, Guidi R, et al. A retrospective study on 287 implants installed in resorbed maxillae grafted with fresh frozen allogenous bone. Clin Implant...
Miron RJ, Sculean A, Cochran DL, Froum S, Zucchelli G, Nemcovsky C, et al. Twenty years of enamel matrix derivative: the past, the present and the future. J Clin Periodontol. 2016;43:668–83.
Sculean A, Nikolidakis D, Nikou G, Ivanovic A, Chapple IL, Stavropoulos A. Biomaterials for promoting periodontal regeneration in human intrabony defects: a systematic review. Periodontol 2000. 2015;68:182...
Esposito M, Felice P, Worthington HV. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;17:CD008397.
Jungner M, Cricchio G, Salata LA, Sennerby L, Lundqvist C, Hultcrantz M, et al. On the early mechanisms of bone formation after maxillary sinus membrane elevation: an experimental histological and immunohistochemical study. ...
The present study showed that maxillary sinus floor augmentation with BC resulted in adequate amounts of new bone formation allowing successful implant installation, while adding EMD did not have a significant effect.
Nevertheless, the amount of bone generated with BC or BC + EMD herein was adequate to support successful implant placement and osseointegration of implants. In fact, more or less similar amounts of bone formation have been reported in studies evaluating human sinus biopsies after grafting with a variety of biomaterials (bone formation ranging approximately from 30 to 50%) [19]. On the other ha...
The present study compared the histological and histomorphometrical outcome of healing after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with BC with or without EMD, based on human biopsies. The results showed that addition of EMD did not enhance the outcome of healing, neither in terms of quality nor quantity of new bone. Nevertheless, the amount of bone generated after maxillary sinus floor augmentation ...
All ten patients showed uneventful healing after the sinus floor augmentation procedure as well as after dental implant placement, with no overt postoperative inflammation or infection. Consistently, in all ten patients, no significant jiggling of the drill was noticed during biopsy harvesting, while subjective drilling resistance during implant placement was similar in both groups and all implant...
The data for each tissue component from the three histological sections were averaged to represent the biopsy. Commercially available software (GraphPad Prism 5.0 for Windows, GraphPad Software Inc., USA) was utilized for statistical comparisons between groups and for drawing the graphics. The assumption of normality was checked using D’Agostino & Pearson omnibus test. The data for each evaluate...
Six months after grafting, another CBCT examination was carried out for implant planning. In the sequence, following the previously described antiseptic and anesthetic procedures, two implants with a sand-blasted and acid etching surface were installed in each of the grafted sinuses, i.e., 40 implants in total (32—Neoporous, Neodent, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; 8—SLA, Straumann, Basel, Switzerl...
This research project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Dentistry and Dental Research Center São Leopoldo Mandic, Brazil, under the protocol 2010/0360.
Ten consecutive patients (age range 35–75 years) with the need of bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation prior to the placement of four dental implants (two in each side of posterior maxilla) were selected for the stu...
The aim of the present study was to compare histomorphometrically the outcome of maxillary sinus floor augmentation with β-TCP/HA with or without enamel matrix proteins (BC + EMD and EMD, respectively) in humans.
Reconstruction of the edentulous and severely atrophied posterior maxilla is often performed by means of maxillary sinus floor augmentation in combination with dental implants [1, 2]. Various bone graft materials are typically used for enhancing bone formation within the sinus cavity; autogenous bone (AB) is considered as the gold standard due to its osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive...
It is still unclear whether enamel matrix proteins (EMD) as adjunct to bone grafting enhance bone healing. This study compared histomorphometrically maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) with β-TCP/HA in combination with or without EMD in humans.
In ten systemically healthy patients needing bilateral MSFA, one side was randomly treated using β-TCP/HA mixed with EMD (BC + EMD) and the ot...
Nery, J.C., Pereira, L.A.V.D., Guimarães, G.F. et al. β-TCP/HA with or without enamel matrix proteins for maxillary sinus floor augmentation: a histomorphometric analysis of human biopsies.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 18 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0080-8
Download citation
Received: 08 December 2016
Accepted: 22 April 2017
Published: 04 May 2017
DOI: https://do...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
Correspondence to
James Carlos Nery.
Department of Implantology, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
James Carlos Nery, George Furtado Guimarães & Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França
Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, UNICAMP – State University of Campinas, Institute of Biology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Luís Antônio Violin Dias Pereira
Department of Periodontology, UNESP – Univ. Estad...
Wikesjo UM, Sorensen RG, Kinoshita A, Wozney JM. RhBMP-2/alphaBSM induces significant vertical alveolar ridge augmentation and dental implant osseointegration. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2002;4:174–82.
Carinci F, Brunelli G, Franco M, Viscioni A, Rigo L, Guidi R, et al. A retrospective study on 287 implants installed in resorbed maxillae grafted with fresh frozen allogenous bone. Clin Implant...
Miron RJ, Sculean A, Cochran DL, Froum S, Zucchelli G, Nemcovsky C, et al. Twenty years of enamel matrix derivative: the past, the present and the future. J Clin Periodontol. 2016;43:668–83.
Sculean A, Nikolidakis D, Nikou G, Ivanovic A, Chapple IL, Stavropoulos A. Biomaterials for promoting periodontal regeneration in human intrabony defects: a systematic review. Periodontol 2000. 2015;68:182...
Esposito M, Felice P, Worthington HV. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;17:CD008397.
Jungner M, Cricchio G, Salata LA, Sennerby L, Lundqvist C, Hultcrantz M, et al. On the early mechanisms of bone formation after maxillary sinus membrane elevation: an experimental histological and immunohistochemical study. ...
The present study showed that maxillary sinus floor augmentation with BC resulted in adequate amounts of new bone formation allowing successful implant installation, while adding EMD did not have a significant effect.
Nevertheless, the amount of bone generated with BC or BC + EMD herein was adequate to support successful implant placement and osseointegration of implants. In fact, more or less similar amounts of bone formation have been reported in studies evaluating human sinus biopsies after grafting with a variety of biomaterials (bone formation ranging approximately from 30 to 50%) [19]. On the other ha...
The present study compared the histological and histomorphometrical outcome of healing after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with BC with or without EMD, based on human biopsies. The results showed that addition of EMD did not enhance the outcome of healing, neither in terms of quality nor quantity of new bone. Nevertheless, the amount of bone generated after maxillary sinus floor augmentation ...
All ten patients showed uneventful healing after the sinus floor augmentation procedure as well as after dental implant placement, with no overt postoperative inflammation or infection. Consistently, in all ten patients, no significant jiggling of the drill was noticed during biopsy harvesting, while subjective drilling resistance during implant placement was similar in both groups and all implant...
The data for each tissue component from the three histological sections were averaged to represent the biopsy. Commercially available software (GraphPad Prism 5.0 for Windows, GraphPad Software Inc., USA) was utilized for statistical comparisons between groups and for drawing the graphics. The assumption of normality was checked using D’Agostino & Pearson omnibus test. The data for each evaluate...
Six months after grafting, another CBCT examination was carried out for implant planning. In the sequence, following the previously described antiseptic and anesthetic procedures, two implants with a sand-blasted and acid etching surface were installed in each of the grafted sinuses, i.e., 40 implants in total (32—Neoporous, Neodent, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; 8—SLA, Straumann, Basel, Switzerl...
This research project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Dentistry and Dental Research Center São Leopoldo Mandic, Brazil, under the protocol 2010/0360.
Ten consecutive patients (age range 35–75 years) with the need of bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation prior to the placement of four dental implants (two in each side of posterior maxilla) were selected for the stu...
The aim of the present study was to compare histomorphometrically the outcome of maxillary sinus floor augmentation with β-TCP/HA with or without enamel matrix proteins (BC + EMD and EMD, respectively) in humans.
Reconstruction of the edentulous and severely atrophied posterior maxilla is often performed by means of maxillary sinus floor augmentation in combination with dental implants [1, 2]. Various bone graft materials are typically used for enhancing bone formation within the sinus cavity; autogenous bone (AB) is considered as the gold standard due to its osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive...
It is still unclear whether enamel matrix proteins (EMD) as adjunct to bone grafting enhance bone healing. This study compared histomorphometrically maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) with β-TCP/HA in combination with or without EMD in humans.
In ten systemically healthy patients needing bilateral MSFA, one side was randomly treated using β-TCP/HA mixed with EMD (BC + EMD) and the ot...
Table 3 Means (grammes per square centimetre) and standard deviations of the bone mineral density (BMD) of above and below implant areas in tibiae with and without the local application of growth hormone (GH) in healthy (control) and osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits
Animal group
15d
Commercial
Modified
Without GH
With GH
Without GH
With GH
Control
Above
0.356 ± ...
Table 2 Mean (grammes per square centimetre) and standard deviations of the bone mineral density (BMD) of tibiae and vertebral column in healthy (control) and osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits
Animal group
BMD (g cm−2) tibiae
BMD (g cm−2) vertebral column
Control
0.323 ± 0.014
0.285 ± 0.007
OVX
0.301 ± 0.016
0.271 ± 0.009
Table 1 Chemical analysis by EDAX of the surface of Ti6Al4V commercial implants
Element
Atomic, %
Al
11.00
P
0.54
Ca
0.38
Ti
84.71
V
3.37
Figure 6. Bone to implant contact (BIC) values (%) for commercial and modified implants in osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits after 15 and 30 days of implantation. Vertical lines represent standard deviations
Figure 4. SEM image of the nanoroughness of the oxidized surfaces on control Ti6Al4V dental implants after 700 °C for 1 h
Figure 3. SEM image of the surface of control commercial Ti6Al4V dental implants
Figure 2. Transcortical osteotomy with Ti6Al4V implant inserted in the tibia bone
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the classification of experimental animals in groups
References
Lomholt TC, Pantleon K, Somers MAJ. In-vivo degradation mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V hip joints. Mater Sci Eng C. 2011;31:120–7.
Wisbey A, Gregson PJ, Peter LM, et al. Effect of surface treatment on the dissolution of titanium-based implant materials. Biomaterials. 1991;12:470–3.
Chen G, Wen X, Zhang N. Corrosion resistance and ion dissolution of titanium with different surface m...
These results are in agreement with the authors’ previous data and other authors. For example, Calvo-Guirado et al. found topical application of 4 IU of GH like biomimetic agent at the moment of implant placement has no significant effects on the BIC at 5 and 8 weeks, although bone formation and inter-thread bone values did increase significantly. However, controversial about the efficienc...
The chemical composition of the oxidized surface after heat treatment at 700 °C for 1 h, verified by XRD, is rutile, which is formed on the free-particle areas of the Ti6Al4V surface. Rutile scale has been proved to enhance the osteoblast response, improve the resistance to pitting corrosion and decrease the ion release of the Ti6Al4V.
In addition, the morphology of the hard rutile scale g...
Discussion
A good preparation of the implant surface in order to accommodate bone topographical features contributes to accelerate the assembly between the new bone formed and the metallic implant. Research has been consequently focused on the surface modifications of implants aimed to simulate the size of the proteins or cell membrane receptors. In vitro results about the influence of diff...
Table 2 shows the estimated mean values and standard deviations for the BMD in healthy (control) and osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits. The comparison of mean values established significant differences between control and OVX groups (p = 0.006). The BMD results show that the ovariectomy and hypocalcic diet described in (20) resulted being proper methods to have osteoporotic rabbits be...
Table 2 shows the estimated mean values and standard deviations for the BMD in healthy (control) and osteoporotic (OVX) rabbits. The comparison of mean values established significant differences between control and OVX groups (p = 0.006). The BMD results show that the ovariectomy and hypocalcic diet described in (20) resulted being proper methods to have osteoporotic rabbits before the inserti...
Results
Figure 3 shows images at different magnifications by SEM of the typical threaded topography of the Ti6Al4V screws and the characteristic surface with cavities and holes heterogeneously dispersed due to the impingement of the particles used in the blasting process. The chemical analysis performed by EDX of a representative area (Table 1) shows the characteristics peaks of Ti, Al and V, t...
The injury was sutured with absorbable material after the implantation. Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents were delivered in the postoperative period to prevent infection and pain. Rabbits were sacrificed after 15 and 30 days of implantation by intravenous injection of 0.4 mg sodium pentobarbital (Dolethal®, Vetoquinol, Cedex, Francia) diluted in serum (Fig. 1).
Tibiae were cleaned from so...
The quantitative results were processed with the statistical package Statgraphics plus 5.1. The significance of the differences between the groups was studied according to Student’s t test and the one-way ANOVA test (analysis of variance). p value was 0.05.
Eight weeks post-surgery, rabbits were subjected to a densitometry to the vertebral column and tibia bone to verify the establishment o...
The injury was sutured with absorbable material after the implantation. Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents were delivered in the postoperative period to prevent infection and pain. Rabbits were sacrificed after 15 and 30 days of implantation by intravenous injection of 0.4 mg sodium pentobarbital (Dolethal®, Vetoquinol, Cedex, Francia) diluted in serum (Fig. 1).
Tibiae were cleaned from so...
Eight weeks post-surgery, rabbits were subjected to a densitometry to the vertebral column and tibia bone to verify the establishment of osteoporosis model. For the densitometric analysis, a Norland XR-26 densitometer was used (Norland Co., Fort Atkinson, WI, USA) calibrated prior to the measurement. The exploration parameters were as follows: speed 40 mm s−1, resolution 1.0 × 1.0 mm, and ...
Methods
Implant preparation and characterization
Threaded commercial titanium alloy implants (3.3 mm diameter and 8 mm length) from Zimmer® were used as control implants. They consisted of Ti6Al4V screws blasted with hydroxyapatite and subsequent acid attack with HCl. Screws with these prior surface treatments were submitted to a thermal treatment. The oxidation treatment was performed at 7...
Background
The metallic biomaterials used in the substitution of hard tissues are subjected to the action of the physiological environment and mechanical efforts like fatigue, wear or friction that alter the operation success of implants and affect drastically the electrochemical properties of the surface. That is the case of Ti and its alloys, in which in vivo conditions alter the stability of...
Osseointegration of TI6Al4V dental implants modified by thermal oxidation in osteoporotic rabbits
Abstract
Background
In this work, the effect of the heat treatment on Ti6Al4V implants and topical administration of growth hormone to address a better osseointegration in osteoporotic patients has been analysed.
Methods
The osseointegration process of Ti6Al4V implants modified by oxidation...