Discussion : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [2]
Upon a comprehensive literature search, there are articles reported to place implants at maxillary first molar area. However, for variant reasons, these models are not clinical comparable. First, animal sizes are too small to have enough bone to support implant, i.e., Koutouzis et al. reported their experiment on rat model [31]. They placed diameter 1.5 mm × 2 mm length implants in approximately 9-week-old male Wistar rats in which maxillary first molars were extracted at week 5. It is just showed by figures in their article that the interradicular bone at the maxillary first molar obviously less than 2 mm, and the 2-mm length implant is projected into the sinus. And even in sham control rat (as showed in the article Fig. 5e, f), almost half of the implant was exposed in oral cavity without bone support, indicating body size of the rat is a crucial issue to take in consideration. Second, implant placement in clinically irrelevant position. Du et al. presented their research about place implant in 3-month female Sprague-Dawley rats [32]. Body weight is between 245 g and 279 g. They extracted the maxillary first molar and placed implant at mesial dental root socket. However, immediate implant placement at maxillary molar roots sockets in clinic should avoid for easily penetrating the floor of maxillary sinus and even dislocating the implant into the sinus due to the maxillary first, and second molar roots are close to the floor of sinus, particularly, in pneumatized sinus, so that interradicular bone in socket is the option to place implant. Therefore, the model reported by Du et al. is not clinically comparable. Third, bone of extract sockets has not appropriately formed. Inouye et al. [33] and Lin et al. [34] reported their experiments. They extracted the maxillary first molar from rats and placed implant at the socket area 4 weeks after the extraction. Histologically, bone formation starts at 4 weeks and complete around 24 weeks after the dental extraction; therefore, the socket has only soft tissue and immature bone at 4 weeks post extraction [35]. Clinically delayed implant placement must be in 12 weeks or more post extraction to wait for completion of alveolar bone formation [35, 36]. Thus, this model is not clinically relevant. Consequently, the maxillary first molar socket as an implantation site remains to be improved.
Serial posts:
- Abstract : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?
- Highlights : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?
- Background : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [1]
- Background : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [2]
- Materials and methods : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [1]
- Materials and methods : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [2]
- Results : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?
- Discussion : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [1]
- Discussion : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [2]
- Discussion : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [3]
- Conclusion : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?
- Availability of data and materials : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?
- References : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [1]
- References : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [2]
- References : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [3]
- References : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [4]
- Acknowledgements : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?
- Funding : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?
- Author information : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [1]
- Author information : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats? [2]
- Ethics declarations : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?
- Additional information : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?
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- About this article : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?
- Table 1 Rat body weight during the experiment : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implantation in rats?
- Fig. 1. a) Time course of the experiment. b) Curve of the rat body weight change. c) Implant survival after 7 weeks of implantation. Implant success and failure rate is analyzed by using Clopper-Pearson’s exact method at 95% confidence interval. Our experiment data indicate that the true success rate of implantation in maxillary natural diastema in rat is less than 38.4% at a confident level of 95% : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implant
- Fig. 2. Implantation of two implants at maxillary diastemata per rat. a Surgery implantation. b X-ray periapical picture after surgery. c Seven weeks after implantion : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implant
- Fig. 3. a–c Micro-CT frontal planes indicate the location of implant. d, e Micro-CT sagittal plane. f, g Micro-CT transverse plane. h Micro-CT 3D constructed image indicates osseointegration around the implant fixture : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implant
- Fig. 4. Micro-CT images indicate maxillary fist molar site will be able to provide a substantial cancellous bone to support a dental implant. a Sagittal plane. b Frontal plane : Is maxillary diastema an appropriate site for implant