Fig. 8. The association between mean osseus sinus volume of the maxillary sinus and gender. Men have a statistically significant higher mean osseus volume than women (p = 0.007)
Fig. 8. The association between mean osseus sinus volume of the maxillary sinus and gender. Men have a statistically significant higher mean osseus volume than women (p = 0.007)
Fig. 7. The association between the mean osseus sinus volume and age. No significant association between these parameters was found (p = 0.2)
Fig. 7. The association between the mean osseus sinus volume and age. No significant association between these parameters was found (p = 0.2)
Fig. 6. No statistical significant association between a patient’s age and the presence of obliteration of at least one maxillary sinus was found (p = 0.92). For better visibility, the diagram has been jittered along the y-axis
Fig. 6. No statistical significant association between a patient’s age and the presence of obliteration of at least one maxillary sinus was found (p = 0.92...
Fig. 5. The association between the obliterated volume and sinus pathology. The presence of a pathology significantly increased the obliterated volume of a maxillary sinus (p
Fig. 4. The association between the osseus volume and the dentition. Edentulous, partly edentulous, and dentate patients showed no relevant difference in the size of the osseus sinus volume (p = 0.52)
Fig. 4. The association between the osseus volume and the dentition. Edentulous, partly edentulous, and dentate patients showed no relevant difference in the size of the osseus sinus volume ...
Fig. 3. 3D view of osseus sinus volumes. Surface area (cm2) and volume (cm3) were calculated by the software
Fig. 3. 3D view of osseus sinus volumes. Surface area (cm2) and volume (cm3) were calculated by the software
Fig. 2. View from the coronal plane. The marked curves define the osseus and mucous boundaries of the maxillary sinuses. The hatched surface illustrates the measured remaining pneumatized cavity of an obliterated sinus and the filled (yellow) surface highlights the calculated obliterated volume
Fig. 2. View from the coronal plane. The marked curves define the osseus and mucous boundaries of t...
Fig. 1. Calculation of the sinus body by interpolating 15–25 curves at a distance of 2 mm, depending upon the size of the maxillary cavity
Fig. 1. Calculation of the sinus body by interpolating 15–25 curves at a distance of 2 mm, depending upon the size of the maxillary cavity
Frequency of pathologies
n
(%)
Absence of alteration
73
(57.0)
Mucosal thickening
...
Mean
Median
Minimum
Maximum
SD
Osseus sinus surface area (cm2)
...
Luz, J., Greutmann, D., Wiedemeier, D. et al. 3D-evaluation of the maxillary sinus in cone-beam computed tomography.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 17 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0128-4
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Received: 30 January 2018
Accepted: 20 March 2018
Published: 05 June 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0128-4
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
JL and CR are residents at the Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
DG is a master student at the Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
MR is the Chairman of the Clinic for Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
DW is t...
Correspondence to
Julia Luz.
Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Julia Luz, Dominique Greutmann, Claudio Rostetter, Martin Rücker & Bernd Stadlinger
Statistical Services, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Daniel Wiedemeier
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The present study showed the volume software to be a suitable tool for the measurement of the dimensions of the maxillary sinus. The results show that the osseus volume of the maxillary sinus varies on the base of gender and that the obliterated volume varies on the base of a present pathology. No statistically significant association between the patient’s age and the sinus volume or a present s...
Velasco-Torres et al. [19] showed a larger sinus volume for dentate patients compared to edentulous and partially edentulous patients. This may be explained through the loss of posterior teeth in the maxilla, leading to the reduction of mechanical stimulation of the maxillary sinus. As a consequence, the sinus could expand (pneumatization) due to increased pressure and ostoclastic activity of the ...
The aim of this study was to analyze volume parameters of the maxillary sinus based on CBCT data. Further, neighboring anatomical structures and related pathologies were recorded. Overall, the applied volume software used in this study allowed the calculation of the surface area and volume of maxillary sinuses.
In clinics, the radiographic evaluation of the maxillary sinus is obligatory prior to ...
No relationship was observed between a patient’s age and the presence of partial or complete obliteration of at least one maxillary sinus (Fig. 6, p = 0.92). Patient’s age and the mean osseus sinus volume were also not associated significantly (Fig. 7, p = 0.20). Both maxillary sinuses (osseus borders) of each patient were quite similar in size (mean difference between left and right...
In total, 128 maxillary sinuses were analyzed. The mean surface area was found to be 39.7 cm2 and the mean volume 17.1 cm3. The mean surface area of the remaining pneumatized cavities of obliterated sinuses was found to be 36.4 cm2 and the mean volume 15 cm3 (Table 1). 42.2% of all sinuses showed an obliteration, and the mean volume of the obliterated sinuses was 5.1 cm3. If there was an obl...
Patient-specific variables like gender, date of birth, and date of CBCT were recorded. The date of the CBCT image was further divided into either being in autumn/winter (1 January 2013–19 March 2013; 22 September 2013–31 December 2013) or spring/summer (20 March 2013–21 September 2013). The maxillary sinus was classified into obliterated or nonobliterated. It was also documented if there was...
In the present study, 64 CBCT images (128 maxillary sinuses), taken between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2013 at the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery at the University of Zurich, were included. The inclusion criterion of each CBCT scan was the presence of two complete maxillary sinuses; the osseus borders of both sinuses had to be entirely visible.
The scans were performed us...
The precise assessment of the maxillary sinus is important in oral and maxillofacial surgery in cases of traumatology, sinusitis, and dental implantology. After the introduction of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dental medicine in 1998 [1], the number of clinicians using CBCTs increased constantly. Whereas in 2004, there were only three CBCTs registered in Switzerland, the current number ...
There are few studies measuring the dimensions of the maxillary sinus, being mostly based on computed tomography imaging and rarely being based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The aim of this study was to measure the 3D osseous and soft tissue defined volume and surface area of the maxillary sinus. Further, possible associations with patient-specific and sinus-related variables were evalu...
Figure 6. Marginal bone loss (MBL) in SLA and MK-III implants within the abnormal group. MBL is significantly larger in MK-III implants than SLA implants during the follow-up period.
Figure 5. Cancellous bone densities in SLA and MK-III implants within the abnormal group. The cancellous bone density shows no significant difference between SLA and MK-III implants at baseline
Figure 4. Cancellous bone densities in the normal and abnormal groups of women are shown. Cancellous bone density is significantly higher in the normal group than in the abnormal group
Figure 3. The overview on BTM values are shown. The bone turnover markers measured are osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), and crosslinked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX)
Normal group
Abnormal group
P value
r
Age [years]
57.3
63.1
0.038*
0.49
Male (%)
7 (100)
0 (0)
0.0043*
0.66
Female (%)
2 (18)
9 (82)
Follow-up period [months]
21.3
21.4
0.85
Case no.
Gender
Age [years]
Bone turnover marker
Position
Implant
Bone Density [HU]
Follow-up period [m]
Marginal bone loss [mm]
OC
BAP
ICTP
NTX
1
M
60.2
5.8
8.1
2.7
11.4
7┐
SLA
1112.63
10
-
6┐
SLA
815.75
10
-
2
M
51.3
4.9
9.9
3.0
12.0
6┐
SLA
746.00
6
0.32
5┐
SLA...
Figure 2. Measurement of marginal bone loss (MBL) on dental radiography. MBL is measured using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The reference points for the measurements are the implant platform (the horizontal interface between the implant and the abutment), the implant tip, and the first bone-implant contact (FBIC). The length from the implant platform to th...
Figure 1. Measurements on computed tomography (CT) images. The imaging data are stored in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format and loaded into an implant planning software program (Simplant®, Dentsply Implants, Leuven, Belgium). Buccopalatal or buccolingual cross-sectional CT slices are used to measure the bone density at the implant placement sites in Hounsfield units. The mea...
Many reports of the relationship between dental implants and osteoporosis have been published, but few have focused on bone quality. Bone quality is multifactorial and difficult to classify because it varies from patient to patient. The present study focused on BTM, which is one of the clinical indicators of bone quality. A prospective study confirmed that elevation of a BTM can predict frac...
The cancellous bone density in the abnormal BTM group was significantly lower than that in the normal BTM group. This suggests that cancellous bone with a high BTM was likely to actually be poor medullary bone. There were three patterns of low BMD: high values of bone formation markers only, high values of both bone formation and bone resorption markers, and high values of bone resorption ma...
Discussion
Nine (82%) of the11 female patients in this study had at least one BTM measurement outside the normal range. The abnormal BTM values in these women were pronounced. No abnormal BTM valued were observed among the men. According to the Japanese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis include the following: (1) fragility ...
Results
Eighteen patients (11 women, 7 men; mean age 60.2 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference between men (57.3 ± 5.0 years) and women (63.1 ± 6.0 years). After measuring the BTMs and assessing bone density, 35 implants were placed (18 MK-III, 17 SLA). The mean follow-up duration was 21.4 months (Table 1), during which time follow-up observatio...
Patient selection
Patients treated at Hiroshima University Hospital were included in the study if they remained partially edentulous in the planning area for at least 3 months, if one or two splinting fixed prostheses in the mandible posterior area were planned, if they had never been treated for osteoporosis, and if they had no subjective or objective symptoms of osteoporosis, such as back pai...
Surgery
Implants (SLA® (sandblasted and acid-etched, internal connection system), Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland, or Branemark® System Mk-III (TiUnite, external connection system), Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden) were used depending on the patient’s clinical characteristics. The operating surgeon was blinded to the bone analysis results and was unaware of the bone density...
Materials and methods
Patient selection
Patients treated at Hiroshima University Hospital were included in the study if they remained partially edentulous in the planning area for at least 3 months, if one or two splinting fixed prostheses in the mandible posterior area were planned, if they had never been treated for osteoporosis, and if they had no subjective or objective symptoms of osteo...
Background
Dental implants have become an established prosthodontic treatment for missing teeth, with survival rates now exceeding 97%. The most popular current method of bone quality assessment is that developed by Lekholm and Zarb, who introduced a scale that ranges from 1–4 and is based on a radiographic assessment and the sensation of resistance experienced by the surgeon when preparing t...
Abstract
Background
Bone quality is as important as bone mineral density in terms of bone strength. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) are clinical indicators of bone quality. In implant dentistry, bone quality is considered equivalent to bone density on radiographic assessments. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the BTM values are reflected in jawbone condition by evaluating the re...