Fig. 8. EDS 5 min
Fig. 8. EDS 5 min
Fig. 7. EDS 3 min
Fig. 7. EDS 3 min
Fig. 6. EDS 1 min
Fig. 6. EDS 1 min
Fig. 5. EDS control
Fig. 5. EDS control
Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min
Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min
Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min
Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min
Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min
Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min
Fig. 1. Group control
Fig. 1. Group control
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
15.07
26.19
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
10.43
23.42
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
4.12
15.29
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
4.79
18.86
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
8.54
31.34
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
4.47
19.93
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
8.02
38.2
...
Element
Weight %
Atoms %
Carbon
8.22
37.21
...
Groups
Plasma electrolytic oxidation—time (min)
Voltage (V)
Current (A)
1
–
–
2
1
ΔU = 160 to 200 V
≅0.18
3
3
ΔU = 160 to 280 V
≅0.19
4
5
ΔU = 160 to 300 V
≅0.18
Table 1 Distribution of groups
Goularte, M.A.P.C., Barbosa, G.F., da Cruz, N.C. et al. Achieving surface chemical and morphologic alterations on tantalum by plasma electrolytic oxidation.
Int J Implant Dent 2, 12 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2
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Received: 18 November 2015
Accepted: 12 April 2016
Published: 16 April 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
MAPCG contributed to the concept/design, data collection, data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. GFB carried out the data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. NCC contributed to the dat...
Department of Prosthodontics, Implantology Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 06, Partenon, CEP: 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Marcelo Augusto Pinto Cardoso Goularte
Clinical Department, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Torres (ULBRA-TORRES), Rua Universitária, 1900, Parque do Balonismo, CEP 95560-000, Torres, RS, Brazil
Gustavo Frain...
Yerokhin AL, Nie X, Leyland A, Matthews A, Dowey SJ. Plasma electrolysis for surface engineering. Surf Coat Technol. 1999;122(2-3):73–93. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00441-7.
Hosoki M, Nishigawa K, Miyamoto Y, Ohe G, Matsuka Y. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by titanium screws and dental implants. J Prosthodont Res. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.12.004. [Epub ahead of print].
Goutam M, Giri...
Gittens RA, Olivares-Navarrete R, Cheng A, Anderson DM, McLachlan T, Stephan I, et al. The roles of titanium surface micro/nanotopography and wettability on the differential response of human osteoblast lineage cells. Acta Biomater. 2013;9(4):6268–77. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.002. Epub 2012 Dec 8.
Bauer S, Schmuki P, von der Mark K, et al. Engineering biocompatible implant surfaces part I: ...
Thus, this study has examined the possibility of activating an alteration surface in tantalum using the anodizing process, which is effective in other metals like titanium. From our findings, it was possible to develop time exposure protocols in order to obtain conductive surface alterations similar to those already available from some of the largest manufacturers of oral implants. Scanning electr...
The search for new biomaterials and biocompatible metals has always been a common objective of human rehabilitation research centers. In implant dentistry, titanium has successfully established itself as the material of choice for dental implants. However, several studies have reported cases of metal allergy caused by titanium-containing materials [15–17] and some immune dysfunctions in certain ...
Tables 2 and 3 show similar rates among the chemical elements present on the non-treated tantalum surface—group 1 (Fig. 5). In Tables 4 and 5 (group 2), calcium (Ca) is included. The rates for the other chemical elements are similar to the rates in group 1 (Fig. 6). In Tables 6 and 7, group 3 sample shows the basic chemicals present in previous groups and similar rates (Fig. 7). Two chemic...
The analysis of the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the changes on the surface of tantalum strips according to different exposure times. In Fig. 1, we can observe Ta surface with grooves resulting from the machining of the metal with no surface treatment. As the magnitude increases, the image shows the lines pattern with its peculiar characteristics from the manufacturin...
Within a 50-mL tank, the electrolytic solution as described above received a voltage variation of 160 V initial tension at zero time and a final tension at the preset end-time for each group of samples. There was a gradual increase in voltage due to the maintenance of a fairly constant current at around 0.15 to 0.25 A. The electrolytic solution was periodically changed to prevent solution satura...
We used 60 strip-shaped samples of tantalum with the following dimensions: 7 mm wide, 11 mm long, and 0.01 mm thick (Kurt J. Lesker Company—USA, 99.95 % purity). The samples were washed in distilled water and placed in an ultrasonic tank containing acetone (Ultra Sonic-1440 Plus—Odontobrás, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil) to remove residues. Then, they were divided into four groups: in group ...
In this way and following the successful results already obtained with Titanium, this study aimed to develop an oxidized surface layer on Tantalum samples and, subsequently, analyze the samples’ topography and levels of salt deposition using an electronic microscope.
The use of materials that come into direct contact with human tissues such as the bone requires maximum biological security. These materials remain for a long period of time or even indefinitely in the human body, and no negative reactions, like toxicity or carcinogenic effects, shall be acceptable.
For this reason, biocompatibility of new materials has been widely studied, and only after a lot o...
Search for materials that may either replace titanium dental implants or constitute an alternative as a new dental implant material has been widely studied. As well, the search for optimum biocompatible metal surfaces remains crucial. So, the aim of this work is to develop an oxidized surface layer on tantalum using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) similar to those existing on oral implants bee...
Fig. 5. Mean and standard deviation of the biomechanical data at both observation periods (P > 0.05). a Removal torque. b Removal energy. c Connection stiffness
Fig. 5. Mean and standard deviation of the biomechanical data at both observation periods (P > 0.05). a Removal torque. b Removal energy. c Connection stiffness
Fig. 4. Comparison among secant and tangent methods to calculate the connection stiffness values, which reveals the absence of mathematical discrepancy
Fig. 4. Comparison among secant and tangent methods to calculate the connection stiffness values, which reveals the absence of mathematical discrepancy
Fig. 3. Representative curve of the torque test for implants. a Graph of torque versus angular displacement with linear regression curve, and equation, representing the connection stiffness. b Determination procedure of unscrewing implant work up to test’s maximum torque
Fig. 3. Representative curve of the torque test for implants. a Graph of torque versus angular displacement with linear r...
Fig. 2. Adaptation of Shimadzu universal testing machine for performing removal torque test of dental implants. a General view. b Assembly detail of connection between Allen keys socket and the implant placed in the tibia
Fig. 2. Adaptation of Shimadzu universal testing machine for performing removal torque test of dental implants. a General view. b Assembly detail of connection between Allen...
Fig. 1. Two pairs of implants (10 mm × 4 mm, L × Ø) from each of the experimental groups were placed in each tibia with an alternating fashion in terms of medio-distal positioning regarding the group, but with the first group chosen at random. Implants were placed with an inter-implant distance of 1 cm
Fig. 1. Two pairs of implants (10 mm × 4 mm, L × Ø) from each of...
Removal torque
Removal energy
Connection stiffness
Spearman’s rho
Removal torque
Coefficient
...
Sum of squares
df
Mean square
F
Sig. (P value)
Removal torque
Between groups
...
de Jesus, R.N.R., Carrilho, E., Antunes, P.V. et al. Interfacial biomechanical properties of a dual acid-etched versus a chemically modified hydrophilic dual acid-etched implant surface: an experimental study in Beagles.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 28 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0139-1
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Received: 01 February 2018
Accepted: 29 May 2018
Published: 2...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
The animal experimental protocol was approved by the Bioethics Committee for Animal Experimentation (CEUA, protocol no. 098/10) at the Federal University of Uberlândia.
Rainde Naiara Rezende de Jesus, Eunice Carrilho, Pedro V. Antunes, Amílcar Ramalho, Camilla Christian Gomes Moura, Andreas Stavropoulos, and Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa declare that they have no competing interests.
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RNRJ participated in the study concept and design and performed the animal operations, biomechanical test, and data analysis and interpretation. EC, PVA, and AR contributed to define the test protocol and performed the biomechanical test and data analysis. CCGM and DZ participated in the study concept and desig...
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Carl Gustafs väg 34, 205-06, Malmö, Sweden
Rainde Naiara Rezende de Jesus & Andreas Stavropoulos
IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
Rainde Naiara Rezende de Jesus & Eunice Carrilho
CEMUC, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of ...
The assistance of fifth-year dental students of the Federal University of Uberlândia in surgeries, including auscultation, and other practicalities is highly appreciated.
The Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES research fellow, Full PhD Program, process no. 0975-14.1) provided funding and Neodent® (Curitiba, PR, Brazil) produced the titanium implants...
Kim S, Lee S, Cho I, Kim S, Kim T. Rotational resistance of surface-treated mini-implants. Angle Orthod. 2009;79(5):899–907. https://doi.org/10.2319/090608-466.1.
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de Jesus RNR, Stavropoulos A, Oliveira MTF, Soares PBF, Moura CCG, Zanetta-Barbosa D. Histomorphometric evaluation of a dual acid-etched vs. a chemically modified hydrophilic dual acid-etched implant surface. An experimental study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(5):551–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12833.
Frost HM. Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU): 1. Redefi...
Boyan BD, Cheng A, Olivares-Navarrete R, Schwartz Z. Implant surface design regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and maturation. Adv Dent Res. 2016;28(1):10–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034515624444.
Mamalis AA, Silvestros SS. Analysis of osteoblastic gene expression in the early human mesenchymal cell response to a chemically modified implant surface: an in vitro study. Clin Oral ...
Wall I, Donos N, Carlqvist K, Jones F, Brett P. Modified titanium surfaces promote accelerated osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro. Bone. 2009;45(1):17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2009.03.662.
Mamalis AA, Markopoulou C, Vrotsos I, Koutsilirieris M. Chemical modification of an implant surface increases osteogenesis and simultaneously reduces osteoclastogenesis...
Cochran DL, Jackson JM, Jones AA, Jones JD, Kaiser DA, Taylor TD, et al. A 5-year prospective multicenter clinical trial of non-submerged dental implants with a titanium plasma-sprayed surface in 200 patients. J Periodontol. 2011;82(7):990–9. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2011.100464.
Wallkamm B, Ciocco M, Ettlin D, Syfrig B, Abbott W, Listrom R, et al. Three-year outcomes of Straumann Bone Level...
Chemically modified sandblasted, large grit, and acid-etched surfaces
Sandblasted, large grit, and acid-etched surfaces
Neodent, Rua Benjamin Lins, 742, Curitiba, PR 80420–100, Brazil
Shimadzu Corporation, Nishinokyo Kuwabara-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604–8511, Japan
IBM Corporation v.23, 1 New Orchard Road, Armonk, New York 10, 504–1722, USA
No significant differences were observed between the specific hydrophilic (SAE-HD) and hydrophobic (SAE) surfaces evaluated in this study, in terms of biomechanical properties during the early osseointegration period.
In fact, the observed lack of differences between the groups could be attributed to the relatively low number of specimens per group. According to the observed data herein, applying a high power (80%) with the present sample size would had revealed a relatively large difference in removal torque equivalent to 43% between the experimental groups. Regarding removal energy and connection stiffness, t...
On the other hand, lack of significant differences between the two groups in the present experiment could be due to the fact that the effect of hydrophilicity, in terms of accelerating bone healing and osseointegration, was unfolded before the first evaluation time-point of 2 weeks, i.e., during the very early healing period. Consistently, pre-clinical investigations show the potential of chemica...
Improving surface wettability aims to increase the implant surface area achieving most favorable protein adsorption and cellular adhesion and thereby to positively regulate the biological response at the initial osseointegration process. Thus, the superior potential of superhydrophilic surfaces in enhancing osseointegration at early stages of bone formation may also enhance their load-bearing capa...
No remarkable events were observed during the surgical procedures and the subsequent healing period. The relative biomechanical performance of both experimental implant surfaces is illustrated in a representative graph of removal torque versus angular displacement. The removal torque, removal energy, and connection stiffness values are described in terms of mean, standard deviation, and 95% confid...
To assess the biomechanical strength of the bone-implant interface, the following parameters were assessed: (a) maximum removal torque (N cm) (primary outcome measure), obtained during the unscrewing process (primary outcome measure); (b) connection stiffness (N cm/rad), corresponding to the ratio between removal torque and angular displacement (secondary outcome measure); and (c) removal energy...
Six male Beagle dogs (~ 1.5 years old), weighting between 13 and 15 kg, were used in the present study. All animals were acclimatized in the experimental animal care facility of Federal University of Uberlândia for 2 weeks previously to the experimental procedures and randomly pair-housed in standard shelters (1 × 1.5 m kennel) to allow environmental enrichment (i.e., variety of toys, ...
The present preclinical in vivo study is reported according to the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines, in regard with relevant items [33]. The animal experimental protocol was approved by the Bioethics Committee for Animal Experimentation (CEUA, protocol no. 098/10) at the Federal University of Uberlândia and followed the normative guidelines of the National Cou...
Evaluation of biological effects and biomechanical properties of innovative technologies in the field of implant dentistry in preclinical animal models, prior to translational research, complies with standard regulations [33]. Thus, the aim of this preclinical animal study was to evaluate the effect of surface microtopography and chemistry on the biomechanical properties of implants with a sandbla...
The progressive evolution of oral implant surface technology (i.e., micro to nanotopography and chemical composition) [1, 2], implant macrogeometry, surgical procedures [3,4,5], and loading protocols [6,7,8] has resulted in high survival and clinical success rates [9]. Accordingly, chemically active micro and nanostructured implant surfaces, presenting moderate surface roughness (Ra/Sa values betw...
In this study, no significant differences were observed between the specific hydrophilic (SAE-HD) and hydrophobic (SAE) surfaces evaluated, in terms of biomechanical properties during the early osseointegration period.
The high survival clinical success rates of osseointegration are requisites for establishing a long-term biomechanical fixation and load-bearing potential of endosseous oral implants. The objective of this preclinical animal study was to evaluate the effect of surface microtopography and chemistry on the early stages of biomechanical rigidity with a sandblasted, dual acid-etched surface, with or w...
Interaksi biokimia langsung antara permukaan implan titanium dan molekul jaringan berjarak pendek. Tipe ikatan kimia yang paling dominan adalah daya van der Waals dan ikatan hidrogen yang lemah, seperti polarisasi dan dipol listrik molekul.Energi permukaan berbanding lurus dengan kecenderungan untuk mengadorpsi molekul. Aturan umumnya adalah bahwa materi dengan ketegangan permukaan anta...
Pengaturan atom di permukaan logam berbeda dari pengaturan atom secara massal. Pengaturan atom di permukaan logam membuat implan lebih mudah menerima adsorpsi atom dan molekul dari lingkungan. Reaksi antara lingkungan dan permukaan biomaterial meningkat ketika energi per satuan luas permukaan logam meningkat.Titanium punya energi permukaan yang tinggi dan dengan mudah mengadsorpsi mol...
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Materi apapun yang ditaruh dalam tubuh manusia akan memicu respon biologis. Implan ditaruh dalam tubuh manusia. Normalnya, tubuh manusia juga bereaksi pada implan. Implan berinteraksi dengan lingkungan dalam tubuh melalui permukaannya. Maka, penelitian tentang properti lapisan terluar implan gigi sangat penting dalam analisis respon biologis terhadap implan dan respon titanium terhadap lingku...
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Konsep modern tentang biokompatibilitas bukan hanya melibatkan kompatibilitas materi dengan jaringan saja, tetapi juga kemampuannya untuk melakukan fungsi spesifik. Respon terhadap materi tertentu bisa berbeda pada lokasi yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, biokompatibilitas didefinisikan hanya untuk penerapan tertentu di lokasi tertentu.Sebagai contoh, biomaterial yang dipakai dalam lensa intraok...
5. BCP (Biphasic Calcium Phosphate)BCP terdiri dari kombinasi hidroksiapatit (HA) dan trikalsium fosfat (TCP). Bahan ini digunakan dalam prosedur regenerasi tulang. BCP punya beragam rasio HA/ TCP. Perbedaan rasio ini memengaruhi fase aktivitas, fase HA, dan fase TCP yang lebih mudah larut. Tingkat resorpsi materi bergantung pada rasio HA/ TCP. TCP yang lebih tinggi berarti solubilitas yang lebih...
Selain 2 bahan tersebut dalam pembahasan kita sebelumnya, bahan biomaterial lain yang bisa dipilih oleh pasien bila kondisi menuntut adalah ABB (Anorganic Bovine Bone), CPB (Collagenized Porcine Biomaterial) dan BCP (Biphasic Calcium Phosphate) serta CC (Calcium Carbonate). Pemilihan bahan bergantung pada kondisi pasien mana yang cocok dengan kondisi tubuh pasien dan perlu konsultasi dengan do...
Ada beberapa biomaterial (bahan hayati) yang digunakan dalam prosedur regenerasi tulang. Semua biomateri tersebut tampak menguntungkan bagi pembentukan tulang vital dalam jumlah yang signifikan.Syarat bahan biomaterialBahan biomaterial bertindak sebagai perancah untuk pembentukan tulang. Karena itu, bahan itu perlu memenuhi syarat sebagai berikut:berporiinterkonektivitas poriukuran pori cukup untu...
Biomateri adalah materi yang berinteraks idengan sistem biologis. Materi ini bisa natural atau sintetis, hidup atau mati, dan bisa terdiri dari banyak komponen ataupun satu komponen. Biomateri bisa dipakai untuk rekayasa jaringan baru dan menerapkan organ buatan. Biomateri atau bahan hayati digunakan dalam peralatan medis atau peralatan-peralatan yang kontak dengan sistem biologis.Biomateri berh...