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Fig. 3. Peri-implant bone level at baseline, 3 mo...

Fig. 3. Peri-implant bone level at baseline, 3 months post-operative, and 6 months post-operative. a Mesial defect depth. b Mesial defect width. c Distal defect depth. d Distal defect width Fig. 3. Peri-implant bone level at baseline, 3 months post-operative, and 6 months post-operative. a Mesial defect depth. b Mesial defect width. c Distal defect depth. d Distal defect width

Fig. 2. Test group (PRF augmentation) : The effect...

Fig. 2. Test group (PRF augmentation) Fig. 2. Test group (PRF augmentation)

Fig. 1. Control group (no PRF augmentation) : The ...

Fig. 1. Control group (no PRF augmentation) Fig. 1. Control group (no PRF augmentation)

Illustration 11. a–d Post-operative healing proc...

Illustration 11. ive (a), 1 week post-operative (b), 1 month post-operative (c), and 3 months post-operative (d) Illustration 11. a–d Post-operative healing process at 3 days post-operative (a), 1 week post-operative (b), 1 month post-operative (c), and 3 months post-operative (d)

Illustration 10. a–d Second measuring, reentry, ...

Illustration 10. a–d Second measuring, reentry, and insertion of a screwed, full ceramic crown Illustration 10. a–d Second measuring, reentry, and insertion of a screwed, full ceramic crown

Illustration 9. a–c Radiographic control a at ti...

Illustration 9. a–c Radiographic control a at time of implant placement (a), 3 months post-operative (b), and 6 months post-operative (c)

Illustration 8. Fixation of the flap with Seralene...

Illustration 8. Fixation of the flap with Seralene® 6.0 Illustration 8. Fixation of the flap with Seralene® 6.0

Illustration 7. Insertion of PRF membranes in a do...

Illustration 7. Insertion of PRF membranes in a double-layered technique for tissue augmentation Illustration 7. Insertion of PRF membranes in a double-layered technique for tissue augmentation

Illustration 6. PRF membrane made by centrifugatin...

Illustration 6. PRF membrane made by centrifugating and pressing the patient’s blood Illustration 6. PRF membrane made by centrifugating and pressing the patient’s blood

Illustration 5. Implant placed with a split-flap t...

Illustration 5. Implant placed with a split-flap technique Illustration 5. Implant placed with a split-flap technique

Illustration 4. NobelSpeedy Replace® (source: htt...

Illustration 4. NobelSpeedy Replace® (source: https://www.nobelbiocare.com/de/de/home/products-and-solutions/implant-systems/nobelspeedy.html) Illustration 4. NobelSpeedy Replace® (source: https://www.nobelbiocare.com/de/de/home/products-and-solutions/implant-systems/nobelspeedy.html)

Illustration 3. Insertion of the implant : The eff...

Illustration 3. Insertion of the implant Illustration 3. Insertion of the implant

Illustration 2. Crestal incision and preparation o...

Illustration 2. Crestal incision and preparation of a split-flap Illustration 2. Crestal incision and preparation of a split-flap

Illustration 1. Measurement of tissue thickness wi...

Illustration 1. Measurement of tissue thickness with an endodontic micro-opener Illustration 1. Measurement of tissue thickness with an endodontic micro-opener

About this article : The effect of PRF (platelet-r...

Hehn, J., Schwenk, T., Striegel, M. et al. The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin) inserted with a split-flap technique on soft tissue thickening and initial marginal bone loss around implants: results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Int J Implant Dent 2, 13 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0044-4 Download citation Received: 30 July 2015 Accepted: 23 ...

Rights and permissions : The effect of PRF (platel...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Additional information : The effect of PRF (platel...

Julia Hehn, Thomas Schwenk, Marcus Striegel, and Markus Schlee declare that they have no competing interests. This study was self-supported. JH was responsible for the study design and recruitment of the patients, carried out the implant surgery and follow-up examinations, and drafted the manuscript. TS participated in the surgical treatment and follow-up examinations. MS performed the digital me...

Author information : The effect of PRF (platelet-r...

Periodontology, Edel & Weiß Clinic, Ludwigsplatz 1a, 90403, Nuremberg, Germany Julia Hehn Esthetic Dentistry, Edel & Weiß Clinic, Nuremberg, Germany Thomas Schwenk & Markus Striegel Private Clinic for Periodontology, Forchheim and Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Markus Schlee You can also search for this author in PubMed...

Acknowledgements : The effect of PRF (platelet-ric...

The authors thank Dr. Wolfgang Reimers of MedCommTools for performing the statistics.

References : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibr...

Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T. Effects of different implant surfaces and designs on marginal bone-level alterations: a review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20 Suppl 4:207–15. Download references

References : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibr...

Dohan DM et al. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part II: platelet-related biologic features. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101(3):e45–50. Choukroun J, et al. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part IV: clinical effects on tissue healing. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101(3)...

References : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibr...

Cardaropoli G et al. Tissue alterations at implant-supported single-tooth replacements: a 1-year prospective clinical study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006;17(2):165–71. Fickl S et al. Dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge contour after different socket preservation techniques. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35(10):906–13. Vela-Nebot X et al. Benefits of an implant platform modification techniqu...

Abbreviations : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich f...

platelet-derived growth factor platelet-rich fibrin standard deviation transforming growth factor-b

Conclusions : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fib...

Soft tissue augmentation with PRF using a split-flap technique cannot be recommended to alter thin gingiva types. Future experimental and clinical studies will be necessary to evaluate whether augmentation with PRF is suitable for mucosa thickening.

Discussion : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibr...

With respect to marginal bone loss, it could be shown that there were no significant differences when comparing dimension of bone loss between test and control groups. The study of present research data shows, to the best knowledge of the authors, no other RCTs about tissue thickening with PRF and peri-implant bone loss. However, several studies focused on mucosa thickening with tissue grafts and ...

Discussion : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibr...

In this study over a period of 6 months, it could be demonstrated that mucosal tissue thickening above implants with PRF led to reduced tissue thickness when performed in a split-flap technique. The initial post-operative dehiscence and the associated complete loss of mucosal and augmented tissue above the implant were observed in all test patients. PRF is supposed to be a good healing aid in v...

Results : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin)...

The mean marginal bone level alterations are displayed in Fig. 3. Six months after surgery, both groups showed a statistically significant peri-implant bone loss. The mesial resp. distal defect depth was 0.70 mm ± 0.72 SD resp. 0.64 mm ± 0.66 SD at baseline. Six months later, the marginal bone defect increased to 1.47 mm ± 0.65 SD on the mesial side resp. 1.46 mm ± 0.54 ...

Results : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin)...

At time of surgery, the patients ranged in age from 33 to 79 years (mean age 53.8 years). The first surgeries for implant placement in the test group were carried out as described above. Two layers of a PRF matrix were placed on top of the implant. Though surgical flaps were all sutured completely free of tension, a post-operative dehiscence above the implant could be observed in all test pati...

Methods : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin)...

Comparison of bone level alterations between test and control groups. Data were expressed as means ± standard deviation. Comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and the multiple comparisons test by Schaich-Hamerle (p = 0.05).

Methods : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin)...

After the implantation, standardized digital X-rays were taken with parallel technique (baseline) (illustration 9). For each patient, an individual customized digital film holder was fabricated to ensure a reproducible radiographic analysis. Patients were instructed to avoid chewing hard nutrition in the treated area and to use chlorhexidine mouthwash and a soft brush twice a day for the first 2 ...

Methods : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin)...

Patients aged 18+ who required an implant in the posterior mandible were eligible for this study. Exclusion criteria were the following: general contraindications to implant surgery insufficient oral hygiene and periodontitis patients with a history of severe periodontitis bone augmentation required smokers substance abuse uncontrolled diabetes severe cardiovascular problems treated or u...

Background : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibr...

As a consequence, recent research focused on soft tissue augmentation of thin gingiva types prior to or simultaneous to implant insertion. Wiesner et al. published a significant gain of soft tissue by thickening the gingiva with a connective soft tissue graft harvested from the palate [12]. Soft tissues at augmented sites were 1.3 mm thicker than on control sites and had a better pink esthetic sc...

Background : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibr...

The initial bone modeling around implants within the first year after insertion presents a challenging topic in current research. Previous studies have shown that this process is characterized by a remodeling of the horizontal and vertical bone dimension with a range of 0.7 to 3 mm within the first year [1]. First attempts to reduce this loss of tissue focused on changes of implant shapes, impla...

Abstract : The effect of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin...

Previous studies have shown that adequate thickness or initial augmentation of soft tissue has a positive effect on the stability of peri-implant bone. This randomized, controlled trial aimed to evaluate the influence of augmenting soft tissue with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on crestal bone and soft tissue around implants. After randomization, 31 fully threaded titanium implants were inserted in ...

Fig. 4. Effects of PRP, PRGF, A-PRF, and CGF on th...

Fig. 4. Effects of PRP, PRGF, A-PRF, and CGF on the proliferation of human periosteal cells. Cells were treated with PRP preparations, PRGF preparations, A-PRF extracts, or CGF extracts at the indicated doses for 48 h in 1 % FBS-containing medium. *P 

Fig. 3. Concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cyt...

Fig. 3. Concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) in PRP, PRGF, A-PRF, and CGF preparations (n = 20) Fig. 3. Concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) in PRP, PRGF, A-PRF, and CGF preparations (n = 20)

Table 1 Centrifugation conditions for preparation ...

Preparation type Models Rotor Radius (mm) Rotational speed ...

About this article : Growth factor and pro-inflamm...

Masuki, H., Okudera, T., Watanebe, T. et al. Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGF). Int J Implant Dent 2, 19 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0052-4 Download citation Received: 21 June 2016 Accepted: 18 Au...

Rights and permissions : Growth factor and pro-inf...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Growth factor and pro-inflamm...

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Correspondence to Tomoyuki Kawase.

Author information : Growth factor and pro-inflamm...

Tokyo Plastic Dental Society, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan Hideo Masuki, Toshimitsu Okudera, Taisuke Watanebe, Masashi Suzuki, Kazuhiko Nishiyama & Hajime Okudera Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan Koh Nakata Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Chen-Yao Su Division of Oral Bioengineering, Instit...

References : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cy...

Kobayashi M, Kawase T, Okuda K, Wolff LF, Yoshie H. In vitro immunological and biological evaluations of the angiogenic potential of platelet-rich fibrin preparations: a standardized comparison with PRP preparations. Int J Implant Dent. 2015;1:31. Sonnenschein SK, Meyle J. Local inflammatory reactions in patients with diabetes and periodontitis. Periodontol 2000. 2015;69:221–54. Download refer...

References : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cy...

Clipet F, Tricot S, Alno N, Massot M, Solhi H, Cathelineau G, Perez F, De Mello G, Pellen-Mussi P. In vitro effects of Choukroun’s platelet-rich fibrin conditioned medium on 3 different cell lines implicated in dental implantology. Implant Dent. 2012;21:51–6. Gassling VL, Acil Y, Springer IN, Hubert N, Wiltfang J. Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin in human cell culture. Oral Surg ...

References : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cy...

Kawase T. Platelet-rich plasma and its derivatives as promising bioactive materials for regenerative medicine: basic principles and concepts underlying recent advances. Odontology. 2015;103:126–35. Anitua E. The use of plasma-rich growth factors (PRGF) in oral surgery. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent. 2001;13:487–93. Choukroun J. Advanced PRF, &i-PRF: platelet concentrates or blood concentrates? J...

Abbreviations : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory...

Acid citrate dextrose solution Analysis of variance Advanced platelet-rich fibrin A-PRF extract Concentrated growth factors CGF extract Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Interleukin-1β Interleukin-6 Platelet-derived growth factor-BB Platelet Plasma rich in growth factors Platelet-rich plasma Red blood cell Transforming growth factor-β1 Vascular endothelial growth factor White blo...

Conclusions : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory c...

The present study clearly demonstrated that both A-PRF and CGF preparations contained significant amounts of growth factors, which makes us to believe that A-PRF and CGF preparations would not only function as a scaffolding material but also as a reservoir to deliver certain growth factors at the site of application. Accordingly, it is expected that these two preparations are more potently capable...

Discussion : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cy...

In the previous study [12], we found that PRP and A-PRF preparations exert distinguishable actions on periosteal cell proliferation. Because both IL-1β and IL-6 are known to be produced by WBCs [23], and because WBCs are not included in PRGF preparations, we thought that the bi-phasic effects of PRP preparations may be attributed to WBCs. Furthermore, if WBCs are highly concentrated in A-PRF, it ...

Discussion : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cy...

Although the growth factor contents in PRF and CGF preparations and their bioactivities have been demonstrated in in vitro studies by several independent groups [8–11, 13–20], many clinicians still believe that the regenerative effects of PRF/CGF are solely due to fibrin clots. We speculate that this discrepancy may be caused by two major factors. First, the initial report on PRF by Choukroun ...

Results : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytok...

Numbers of platelets in PRP and PRGF preparations are shown in Fig. 1 (upper panel). Platelets were significantly concentrated both in the PRP and PRGF preparations, and the concentration rate of PRP preparations was substantially higher than that of PRGF preparations (8.79-fold vs. 2.84-fold). Numbers of platelets in A-PRF and CGF preparations calculated by the indirect subtraction method are al...

Methods : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytok...

Because alveolar periosteum is closely contributed to periodontal skeletal tissue regeneration, we used human alveolar bone-derived periosteal cells for evaluation of efficacy of the PRP derivatives. The periosteal cells were obtained and expanded as described below. With informed consent, human periosteum tissue segments were aseptically dissected from the periodontal tissues of the healthy bucca...

Methods : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytok...

As described previously [7, 9], blood samples (~9.5 mL) collected without anticoagulants using vacuum plain glass tubes (A-PRF+: Jiangxi Fenglin Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Fengcheng, China) or conventional vacuum plain glass tube (Plain BD Vacutainer Tube; Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) from the same donors were immediately centrifuged by an A-PRF centrifugation system (...

Methods : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytok...

Based on their characteristics and fractionation, the differences among PRP and PRP derivatives are concisely described in our previous article [1]. As previously described [5, 6], blood samples (11.5 mL) were collected using syringes or vacuum blood collection tubes equipped with 18G needles from seven non-smoking, healthy, middle-aged, male volunteers (37 to 68 years old) three times with a 2...

Background : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cy...

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was originally demonstrated to be effective in the operation of alveolar ridge augmentation and immediately spread to the fields of periodontal and oral maxillofacial surgery [1]. This clinical application was endorsed by evidence that several major growth factors are contained at high levels in PRP preparations. However, for some reasons, such as low handling efficiency...

Abstract : Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cyto...

The development of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) drastically simplified the preparation procedure of platelet-concentrated biomaterials, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and facilitated their clinical application. PRF’s clinical effectiveness has often been demonstrated in pre-clinical and clinical studies; however, it is still controversial whether growth factors are significantly concentrated ...

Fig. 4. Bioactivities and PDGF-BB concentrations i...

Fig. 4. Bioactivities and PDGF-BB concentrations in PRF extracts and the supernatant serum fraction. a PRF extracts were added to periosteal cell cultures and incubated for 3 days to evaluate their effects on cell proliferation. No significant differences were observed among three groups. b PRF extracts were subjected to measurement of PDGF-BB levels using an ELISA kit. No significant differenc...

Fig. 3. SEM examination of fibrin fibers formed in...

Fig. 3. SEM examination of fibrin fibers formed in self-clotted PRF and thrombin-stimulated PPP clots. PRF was prepared from fresh and 2-day-old WB samples. Similar observations were obtained from WB samples collected from three other donors. Scale bars = 10 μm Fig. 3. SEM examination of fibrin fibers formed in self-clotted PRF and thrombin-stimulated PPP clots. PRF was prepared from fresh ...

Fig. 2. Appearance of PRF clots prepared from WB s...

Fig. 2. Appearance of PRF clots prepared from WB samples stored for 2 days. These observations are representative of WB samples obtained from four donors Fig. 2. Appearance of PRF clots prepared from WB samples stored for 2 days. These observations are representative of WB samples obtained from four donors

Fig. 1. Glucose levels (a), calcium levels (b), an...

Fig. 1. Glucose levels (a), calcium levels (b), and pH (c) of stored WB samples. Supernatant serum fractions were examined. Plasma fractions prepared by quick centrifugation were used to determine calcium levels in fresh and stored WB samples that were not added CaCl2. N = 6 Fig. 1. Glucose levels (a), calcium levels (b), and pH (c) of stored WB samples. Supernatant serum fractions were...

About this article : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared...

Isobe, K., Suzuki, M., Watanabe, T. et al. Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from stored whole-blood samples. Int J Implant Dent 3, 6 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0068-4 Download citation Received: 21 December 2016 Accepted: 15 February 2017 Published: 01 March 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0068-4

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Additional information : Platelet-rich fibrin prep...

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Author information : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared...

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Correspondence to Tomo...

Author information : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared...

Tokyo Plastic Dental Society, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan Kazushige Isobe, Masashi Suzuki, Taisuke Watanabe, Yutaka Kitamura, Taiji Suzuki, Hideo Kawabata, Masayuki Nakamura, Toshimitsu Okudera & Hajime Okudera Division of Oral Implantology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan Kohya Uematsu Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental ...

References : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from st...

Duan X, Bradbury SR, Olsen BR, Berendsen AD. Matrix Biol. 2016;52-54:127–40. Kawase T, Okuda K, Kogami H, Nakayama H, Nagata M, Nakata K, Yoshie H. Characterization of human cultured periosteal sheets expressing bone-forming potential: in vitro and in vivo animal studies. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2009;3:218–29. Kawase T, Hayama K, Tsuchimochi M, Nagata M, Okuda K, Yoshie H, Burns DM, Nakata K...

References : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from st...

Hess J. Conventional blood banking and blood component storage regulation: opportunities for improvement. Blood Transfus. 2010;8 Suppl 3:s9–s15. World Health Organization. Manual on the management, maintenance and use of blood cold chain equipment. http://www.who.int/bloodsafety/Manual_on_Management,Maintenance_and_Use_of_Blood_Cold_Chain_Equipment.pdf. Accessed 26 Nov 2016. van der Meer PF, d...

Abbreviations : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from...

Acid citrate dextrose solution Concentrated growth factors Citrate phosphate and dextrose Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Platelet-derived growth factor Platelet-poor plasma Platelet-rich fibrin Platelet-rich plasma Scanning electron microscope Whole blood

Conclusions : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from s...

The self-clotted types of platelet concentrates (PRF) can be prepared from ACD-containing stored WB by addition of CaCl2 without a significant reduction in their bioactivity and without other specific reagents or devices. This approach should contribute to dissemination of PRF therapy.

Discussion : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from st...

Considering the current status of clinical use of platelet concentrates in the fields of periodontology and oral surgery, in this study, we used 10-mL glass tubes that are not oxygen-permeable instead of oxygen-permeable plastic bags for storage of large volumes of WB or platelets. We advanced a working hypothesis that the storage of WB samples in glass tubes would result in a more rapid and subst...

Discussion : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from st...

Platelet preservation is restricted to 3 and 5 days in Japan and worldwide, respectively. This limit is based on the fact that platelets are sensitive to changes in temperature and pH: when samples are stored at 2 to 6 °C, platelets become unsuitable for production of platelet concentrates [3]. Preservation of platelet concentrates results in a drop of pH below 6.0 depending on the platelet cou...

Results : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from store...

Glucose and calcium contents and pH of WB or serum samples after centrifugation are shown in Fig. 1. Because glucose is contained in the ACD-A solution, glucose levels in the stored WB and serum samples (see Fig. 4c) after centrifugation were significantly greater than those of freshly collected WB samples. Total free calcium levels, including calcium chelated by citrate, in WB samples decreased...

Methods : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from store...

PRF extracts prepared as described above were subjected to measurement of PDGF-BB levels using the Human PDGF-BB Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) as described previously [8]. The PRF clots that were compressed in a stainless-steel compressor were fixed with 2.5% neutralized glutaraldehyde, dehydrated with a series of ethanol solutions and t-butanol, freeze-dried, and...

Methods : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from store...

Stored WB samples were then mixed intermittently with 200 μL (20 μL × 10 times) of 10% CaCl2 solution and centrifuged by a Medifuge centrifugation system to prepare PRF. When lower amounts of CaCl2 were added, PRF clots were less reproducibly prepared. When higher amounts of CaCl2 were added intermittently, or when the optimal amount of CaCl2 were added at once, PRF clots were never prepa...

Methods : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from store...

The study design and consent forms for all procedures performed on the study subjects were approved by the ethics committee for human subjects at Niigata University School of Medicine in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 as revised in 2008. With informed consent, blood samples (~9.0 mL per tube) were collected from six non-smoking, healthy, male volunteers (27 to 67 years old) us...

Background : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from st...

Blood preservation is generally and widely used in the fields of blood transfusion and surgery for either autologous or allogeneic blood [1–3]. In case of small lots of blood-derived materials used in regenerative therapy, such as platelet concentrates, it is generally accepted that autologous blood samples should be collected on-site and immediately centrifuged for processing [4]. Accordingly, ...

Abstract : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from stor...

In regenerative therapy, self-clotted platelet concentrates, such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), are generally prepared on-site and are immediately used for treatment. If blood samples or prepared clots can be preserved for several days, their clinical applicability will expand. Here, we prepared PRF from stored whole-blood samples and examined their characteristics. Blood samples were collected ...

Fig. 3. Enzymatic degradability of A-PRF, CGF, and...

Fig. 3. Enzymatic degradability of A-PRF, CGF, and PPTF membranes. Each membrane disk (φ8 mm, 1 mm thick) was immersed in PBS containing trypsin and incubated in a CO2 incubator. N = 4. The asterisks represent significant differences (P 

Fig. 2. Representative stress-strain curves for A-...

Fig. 2. Representative stress-strain curves for A-PRF and CGF membranes and mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, strain at break, and maximum stress) of A-PRF, CGF, and PPTF membranes. N = 3–9 Fig. 2. Representative stress-strain curves for A-PRF and CGF membranes and mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, strain at break, and maximum stress) of A-PRF, CGF, and PPTF membranes. N...

Fig. 1. Surface microstructures of A-PRF, CGF, and...

Fig. 1. Surface microstructures of A-PRF, CGF, and fibrin clots prepared by PPP + CaCl2 and PPTF (fibrin clots prepared by PPP and thrombin). Similar observations were obtained from other three independent blood samples. Scale bar = 10 μm. Note: the same magnification (×9000) was used in all the SEM images shown here Fig. 1. Surface microstructures of A-PRF, CGF, and fibrin clots p...

Table 3 Summaries of preparation procedures, relat...

  A-PRF CGF PPTF Centrifugal conditions 198 g × 8 min 692 g × 2 mina ...

Table 2 Comparison of water content of A-PRF, CGF,...

  Wet weight (g) Dry weight (g) Water content (%) A-PRF 1.905 ± 0.416 0.043 ± 0.014* ...

Table 1 Similarity in size and stretching property...

  Size (W × L mm) Stretching (times longer) Number A-PRF 8.6 ± 1.2 × 27.5 ± 3.5 ...

About this article : Mechanical and degradation pr...

Isobe, K., Watanebe, T., Kawabata, H. et al. Mechanical and degradation properties of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), concentrated growth factors (CGF), and platelet-poor plasma-derived fibrin (PPTF). Int J Implant Dent 3, 17 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0081-7 Download citation Received: 29 January 2017 Accepted: 25 April 2017 Published: 02 May 2017 ...

Rights and permissions : Mechanical and degradatio...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Mechanical and degradation pr...

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Correspondence to Tomoyuki Kawa...

Author information : Mechanical and degradation pr...

Tokyo Plastic Dental Society, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan Kazushige Isobe, Taisuke Watanebe, Hideo Kawabata, Yutaka Kitamura, Toshimitsu Okudera & Hajime Okudera Division of Dental Implantology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan Kohya Uematsu Division of Periodontology, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan Kazuhiro Okuda Bioscie...

References : Mechanical and degradation properties...

Mosesson MW. Fibrinogen and fibrin structure and functions. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3:1894–904. Kawase T, Kamiya M, Kobayashi M, Tanaka T, Okuda K, Wolff LF, Yoshie H. The heat-compression technique for the conversion of platelet-rich fibrin preparation to a barrier membrane with a reduced rate of biodegradation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2015;103:825–31. Hartshorne J, Gluckman H. A...

References : Mechanical and degradation properties...

Choukroun J, Diss A, Simonpieri A, Girard MO, Schoeffler C, Dohan SL, Dohan AJ, Mouhyi J, Dohan DM. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part V: histologic evaluations of PRF effects on bone allograft maturation in sinus lift. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101:299–303. Kawase T. Platelet-rich plasma and its derivatives as promising bioac...

Abbreviations : Mechanical and degradation propert...

Acid citrate dextrose solution Advanced platelet-rich fibrin Concentrated growth factors Platelet-poor plasma-derived, thrombin-activated fibrin Platelet-rich plasma

Conclusions : Mechanical and degradation propertie...

In the mechanical parameters and degradability we tested, CGF membranes were almost identical to A-PRF membranes. In contrast, PPTF membranes were mechanically weaker and highly degradable. Therefore, we conclude that all of these fibrin membranes are tough enough to serve as barrier membranes; however, we should pay attention to their degradability and choose an appropriate membrane type dependin...

Discussion : Mechanical and degradation properties...

Growth factor release is a key function of these fibrin clots for tissue regeneration. Our previous study [16] demonstrated that CGF membranes compressed by the stainless steel compression device contain significantly higher levels of growth factors even after releasing approximately 85% of exudate. Repeated rinsing with PBS failed to completely remove the growth factors from CGF membranes. The ri...

Discussion : Mechanical and degradation properties...

In this study, we found no apparent differences between A-PRF and CGF clot microstructures, especially in fibrin fiber thickness or crosslink density. However, in PPTF clots, which were prepared through direct conversion of fibrinogen by thrombin, fibrin fiber thickness and their crosslink density were substantially thinner and higher, respectively, than those of either A-PTF or CGF clots. This fi...

Results : Mechanical and degradation properties of...

The main purpose of this study was to compare A-PRF with CGF preparations to find possible differences in mechanical properties. As shown in Table 1, the sizes of A-PRF clots compressed to membranes were 8.6 ± 1.2 mm (W) × 27.5 ± 3.5 mm (L) and very similar to those of CGF clots (8.4 ± 0.8 mm × 27.6 ± 2.5 mm). As reference, PPTF membranes were also prepared by ad...

Methods : Mechanical and degradation properties of...

After pipetting the digestion solution, 50 μL of the digestion solution was collected every 20 min and was stored at −20 °C until protein measurement. Protein levels, which can be considered primarily as levels of digested fibrin fiber, were then determined by a BCA protein assay kit (Takara Bio, Kusatsu, Japan). The protein levels at the time point when the initial fibrin disks were comple...

Methods : Mechanical and degradation properties of...

The mechanical properties of gel sheets were measured at a stretching speed of 1 mm/min with a desktop universal testing machine (EZ test; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), of which maximum load cell capacity was 500 N under standard ambient conditions at 25 ± 3 °C and 50 ± 25% RH. The samples were gripped by clamps at each end (using slip-proof rubber sheets to prevent slippage) such that th...

Methods : Mechanical and degradation properties of...

Blood samples were collected from four non-smoking, healthy, male volunteers with ages ranging from 27 to 56 years. Although having lifestyle-related diseases and receiving medication, these donors had no hindrance in daily life. The study design and consent forms for all procedures performed with the study subjects were approved by the ethical committee for human subjects at Niigata University S...

Background : Mechanical and degradation properties...

In this study, we hypothesized that the mechanical properties of the fibrin membrane are closely related to its degradability. We compared these characteristics among A-PRF, CGF, and PPTF membranes through tensile and digestion tests.

Background : Mechanical and degradation properties...

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a self-clotted preparation of platelet-concentrated, blood-derived biomaterials, is prepared solely by contact activation of intrinsic coagulation pathways through centrifugation without addition of coagulation factors [1, 2]. Therefore, the preparation protocol is drastically simplified, and the resulting clot can be handled easily with forceps. PRF is further modified...

Abstract : Mechanical and degradation properties o...

Fibrin clot membranes prepared from advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) or concentrated growth factors (CGF), despite their relatively rapid biodegradability, have been used as bioactive barrier membranes for alveolar bone tissue regeneration. As the membranes degrade, it is thought that the growth factors are gradually released. However, the mechanical and degradable properties of these membran...

About this article : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared...

Isobe, K., Suzuki, M., Watanabe, T. et al. Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from stored whole-blood samples. Int J Implant Dent 3, 6 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0068-4 Download citation Received: 21 December 2016 Accepted: 15 February 2017 Published: 01 March 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0068-4

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Author information : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared...

Tokyo Plastic Dental Society, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan Kazushige Isobe, Masashi Suzuki, Taisuke Watanabe, Yutaka Kitamura, Taiji Suzuki, Hideo Kawabata, Masayuki Nakamura, Toshimitsu Okudera & Hajime Okudera Division of Oral Implantology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan Kohya Uematsu Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental ...

References : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from st...

Duan X, Bradbury SR, Olsen BR, Berendsen AD. Matrix Biol. 2016;52-54:127–40. Kawase T, Okuda K, Kogami H, Nakayama H, Nagata M, Nakata K, Yoshie H. Characterization of human cultured periosteal sheets expressing bone-forming potential: in vitro and in vivo animal studies. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2009;3:218–29. Kawase T, Hayama K, Tsuchimochi M, Nagata M, Okuda K, Yoshie H, Burns DM, Nakata K...

References : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from st...

Hess J. Conventional blood banking and blood component storage regulation: opportunities for improvement. Blood Transfus. 2010;8 Suppl 3:s9–s15. World Health Organization. Manual on the management, maintenance and use of blood cold chain equipment. http://www.who.int/bloodsafety/Manual_on_Management,Maintenance_and_Use_of_Blood_Cold_Chain_Equipment.pdf. Accessed 26 Nov 2016. van der Meer PF, d...

Abbreviations : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from...

Acid citrate dextrose solution Concentrated growth factors Citrate phosphate and dextrose Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Platelet-derived growth factor Platelet-poor plasma Platelet-rich fibrin Platelet-rich plasma Scanning electron microscope Whole blood

Conclusions : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from s...

The self-clotted types of platelet concentrates (PRF) can be prepared from ACD-containing stored WB by addition of CaCl2 without a significant reduction in their bioactivity and without other specific reagents or devices. This approach should contribute to dissemination of PRF therapy.

Discussion : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from st...

Considering the current status of clinical use of platelet concentrates in the fields of periodontology and oral surgery, in this study, we used 10-mL glass tubes that are not oxygen-permeable instead of oxygen-permeable plastic bags for storage of large volumes of WB or platelets. We advanced a working hypothesis that the storage of WB samples in glass tubes would result in a more rapid and subst...

Discussion : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from st...

Platelet preservation is restricted to 3 and 5 days in Japan and worldwide, respectively. This limit is based on the fact that platelets are sensitive to changes in temperature and pH: when samples are stored at 2 to 6 °C, platelets become unsuitable for production of platelet concentrates [3]. Preservation of platelet concentrates results in a drop of pH below 6.0 depending on the platelet cou...

Results : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from store...

Glucose and calcium contents and pH of WB or serum samples after centrifugation are shown in Fig. 1. Because glucose is contained in the ACD-A solution, glucose levels in the stored WB and serum samples (see Fig. 4c) after centrifugation were significantly greater than those of freshly collected WB samples. Total free calcium levels, including calcium chelated by citrate, in WB samples decreased...

Methods : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from store...

PRF extracts prepared as described above were subjected to measurement of PDGF-BB levels using the Human PDGF-BB Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) as described previously [8]. The PRF clots that were compressed in a stainless-steel compressor were fixed with 2.5% neutralized glutaraldehyde, dehydrated with a series of ethanol solutions and t-butanol, freeze-dried, and...

Methods : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from store...

Stored WB samples were then mixed intermittently with 200 μL (20 μL × 10 times) of 10% CaCl2 solution and centrifuged by a Medifuge centrifugation system to prepare PRF. When lower amounts of CaCl2 were added, PRF clots were less reproducibly prepared. When higher amounts of CaCl2 were added intermittently, or when the optimal amount of CaCl2 were added at once, PRF clots were never prepa...

Methods : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from store...

The study design and consent forms for all procedures performed on the study subjects were approved by the ethics committee for human subjects at Niigata University School of Medicine in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 as revised in 2008. With informed consent, blood samples (~9.0 mL per tube) were collected from six non-smoking, healthy, male volunteers (27 to 67 years old) us...

Background : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from st...

Blood preservation is generally and widely used in the fields of blood transfusion and surgery for either autologous or allogeneic blood [1–3]. In case of small lots of blood-derived materials used in regenerative therapy, such as platelet concentrates, it is generally accepted that autologous blood samples should be collected on-site and immediately centrifuged for processing [4]. Accordingly, ...

Abstract : Platelet-rich fibrin prepared from stor...

In regenerative therapy, self-clotted platelet concentrates, such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), are generally prepared on-site and are immediately used for treatment. If blood samples or prepared clots can be preserved for several days, their clinical applicability will expand. Here, we prepared PRF from stored whole-blood samples and examined their characteristics. Blood samples were collected ...

Fig. 3. Enzymatic degradability of A-PRF, CGF, and...

Fig. 3. Enzymatic degradability of A-PRF, CGF, and PPTF membranes. Each membrane disk (φ8 mm, 1 mm thick) was immersed in PBS containing trypsin and incubated in a CO2 incubator. N = 4. The asterisks represent significant differences (P 

Fig. 2. Representative stress-strain curves for A-...

Fig. 2. Representative stress-strain curves for A-PRF and CGF membranes and mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, strain at break, and maximum stress) of A-PRF, CGF, and PPTF membranes. N = 3–9 Fig. 2. Representative stress-strain curves for A-PRF and CGF membranes and mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, strain at break, and maximum stress) of A-PRF, CGF, and PPTF membranes. N...

Fig. 1. Surface microstructures of A-PRF, CGF, and...

Fig. 1. Surface microstructures of A-PRF, CGF, and fibrin clots prepared by PPP + CaCl2 and PPTF (fibrin clots prepared by PPP and thrombin). Similar observations were obtained from other three independent blood samples. Scale bar = 10 μm. Note: the same magnification (×9000) was used in all the SEM images shown here Fig. 1. Surface microstructures of A-PRF, CGF, and fibrin clots p...

Table 3 Summaries of preparation procedures, relat...

  A-PRF CGF PPTF Centrifugal conditions 198 g × 8 min 692 g × 2 mina ...

Table 2 Comparison of water content of A-PRF, CGF,...

  Wet weight (g) Dry weight (g) Water content (%) A-PRF 1.905 ± 0.416 0.043 ± 0.014* ...

Table 1 Similarity in size and stretching property...

  Size (W × L mm) Stretching (times longer) Number A-PRF 8.6 ± 1.2 × 27.5 ± 3.5 ...

About this article : Mechanical and degradation pr...

Isobe, K., Watanebe, T., Kawabata, H. et al. Mechanical and degradation properties of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), concentrated growth factors (CGF), and platelet-poor plasma-derived fibrin (PPTF). Int J Implant Dent 3, 17 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0081-7 Download citation Received: 29 January 2017 Accepted: 25 April 2017 Published: 02 May 2017 ...

Rights and permissions : Mechanical and degradatio...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Mechanical and degradation pr...

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Correspondence to Tomoyuki Kawa...

Author information : Mechanical and degradation pr...

Tokyo Plastic Dental Society, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan Kazushige Isobe, Taisuke Watanebe, Hideo Kawabata, Yutaka Kitamura, Toshimitsu Okudera & Hajime Okudera Division of Dental Implantology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan Kohya Uematsu Division of Periodontology, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan Kazuhiro Okuda Bioscie...

References : Mechanical and degradation properties...

Mosesson MW. Fibrinogen and fibrin structure and functions. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3:1894–904. Kawase T, Kamiya M, Kobayashi M, Tanaka T, Okuda K, Wolff LF, Yoshie H. The heat-compression technique for the conversion of platelet-rich fibrin preparation to a barrier membrane with a reduced rate of biodegradation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2015;103:825–31. Hartshorne J, Gluckman H. A...

References : Mechanical and degradation properties...

Choukroun J, Diss A, Simonpieri A, Girard MO, Schoeffler C, Dohan SL, Dohan AJ, Mouhyi J, Dohan DM. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part V: histologic evaluations of PRF effects on bone allograft maturation in sinus lift. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101:299–303. Kawase T. Platelet-rich plasma and its derivatives as promising bioac...

Abbreviations : Mechanical and degradation propert...

Acid citrate dextrose solution Advanced platelet-rich fibrin Concentrated growth factors Platelet-poor plasma-derived, thrombin-activated fibrin Platelet-rich plasma

Conclusions : Mechanical and degradation propertie...

In the mechanical parameters and degradability we tested, CGF membranes were almost identical to A-PRF membranes. In contrast, PPTF membranes were mechanically weaker and highly degradable. Therefore, we conclude that all of these fibrin membranes are tough enough to serve as barrier membranes; however, we should pay attention to their degradability and choose an appropriate membrane type dependin...

Discussion : Mechanical and degradation properties...

Growth factor release is a key function of these fibrin clots for tissue regeneration. Our previous study [16] demonstrated that CGF membranes compressed by the stainless steel compression device contain significantly higher levels of growth factors even after releasing approximately 85% of exudate. Repeated rinsing with PBS failed to completely remove the growth factors from CGF membranes. The ri...

Discussion : Mechanical and degradation properties...

In this study, we found no apparent differences between A-PRF and CGF clot microstructures, especially in fibrin fiber thickness or crosslink density. However, in PPTF clots, which were prepared through direct conversion of fibrinogen by thrombin, fibrin fiber thickness and their crosslink density were substantially thinner and higher, respectively, than those of either A-PTF or CGF clots. This fi...

Results : Mechanical and degradation properties of...

The main purpose of this study was to compare A-PRF with CGF preparations to find possible differences in mechanical properties. As shown in Table 1, the sizes of A-PRF clots compressed to membranes were 8.6 ± 1.2 mm (W) × 27.5 ± 3.5 mm (L) and very similar to those of CGF clots (8.4 ± 0.8 mm × 27.6 ± 2.5 mm). As reference, PPTF membranes were also prepared by ad...

Methods : Mechanical and degradation properties of...

After pipetting the digestion solution, 50 μL of the digestion solution was collected every 20 min and was stored at −20 °C until protein measurement. Protein levels, which can be considered primarily as levels of digested fibrin fiber, were then determined by a BCA protein assay kit (Takara Bio, Kusatsu, Japan). The protein levels at the time point when the initial fibrin disks were comple...

Methods : Mechanical and degradation properties of...

The mechanical properties of gel sheets were measured at a stretching speed of 1 mm/min with a desktop universal testing machine (EZ test; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), of which maximum load cell capacity was 500 N under standard ambient conditions at 25 ± 3 °C and 50 ± 25% RH. The samples were gripped by clamps at each end (using slip-proof rubber sheets to prevent slippage) such that th...

Methods : Mechanical and degradation properties of...

Blood samples were collected from four non-smoking, healthy, male volunteers with ages ranging from 27 to 56 years. Although having lifestyle-related diseases and receiving medication, these donors had no hindrance in daily life. The study design and consent forms for all procedures performed with the study subjects were approved by the ethical committee for human subjects at Niigata University S...

Background : Mechanical and degradation properties...

In this study, we hypothesized that the mechanical properties of the fibrin membrane are closely related to its degradability. We compared these characteristics among A-PRF, CGF, and PPTF membranes through tensile and digestion tests.

Background : Mechanical and degradation properties...

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a self-clotted preparation of platelet-concentrated, blood-derived biomaterials, is prepared solely by contact activation of intrinsic coagulation pathways through centrifugation without addition of coagulation factors [1, 2]. Therefore, the preparation protocol is drastically simplified, and the resulting clot can be handled easily with forceps. PRF is further modified...

Abstract : Mechanical and degradation properties o...

Fibrin clot membranes prepared from advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) or concentrated growth factors (CGF), despite their relatively rapid biodegradability, have been used as bioactive barrier membranes for alveolar bone tissue regeneration. As the membranes degrade, it is thought that the growth factors are gradually released. However, the mechanical and degradable properties of these membran...

Figure 3. Data from the VAS of patient-related out...

  Figure 3. Data from the VAS of patient-related outcome measures at the time of mounting of the implant-supported crown and at the final follow-up of the PRF and control group

Figure 2. Box plot of the radiographic peri-implan...

  Figure 2. Box plot of the radiographic peri-implant marginal bone level at different time points in millimeter. Baseline: the time of implant placement; abutment: the time of abutment operation; impression: the time of impression taking; follow-up: the time of the final follow-up

Figure 1. Intraoperative photos illustrating bone ...

  Figure 1. Intraoperative photos illustrating bone harvesting and lateral bone augmentation in the PRF group. Initially, an incision is made at the lateral aspect of the posterior part of the mandibular corpus (a) followed by exposing the mucoperiosteal flap (b), before making the osteotomy line (c). The bone block (d) is then retrieved before adjusted to the contour at the recipient site and...

Table 4 Patient-related outcome measures at baseli...

Table 4 Patient-related outcome measures at baseline and at the final follow-up   Test group Control group Difference p value Mean (95% CI) Mean (95% CI) Mean (95% CI) Baseline 9.44 (9.09 to 9.78) 9.57 (9.20 to 9.95) 0.13 (− 0.40 to 0.66) 0.61 Follow-up 9.66 (9.30 to 10.02) 9.55 (9.15 to 9.96) − 0.10 (-0.66 to 0.46) 0.71 Difference 0.22 (...

Table 3 Radiographic marginal bone level and clini...

Table 3 Radiographic marginal bone level and clinical recession on neighbouring tooth surface Group Baseline (mean, 95% CI) Follow-up (mean, 95% CI) Difference (mean, 95% CI) p value Radiographic marginal bone level in mm  Test 1.94 (1.50 to 2.38) 2.07 (1.64 to 2.51) − 0.14 (− 0.25 to − 0.02) p = 0.03  Control 2.34 (1.62 to 3.08) 2.49 (1.73...

Table 2 Radiographic peri-implant marginal bone le...

Table 2 Radiographic peri-implant marginal bone level in mm Test group Control group Mean difference 95% CI p value Obs Mean 95% CI Obs Mean 95% CI Baseline 14 − 0.24 − 0.48 to 0.00 13 − 0.28 − 0.52 to 0.03 0.04 − 0.314 to 0.39 p = 0.82 Abutment 14 0.07 − 0.17 to 0.30 13 − 0.01 − 0.26 to 0.25 0.08 − 0.278...

Table 1 Demographics and survival rates of implant...

Table 1 Demographics and survival rates of implants and implant crowns   Test group (PRF) Control group Number of implants 14 13 Mean age, years (range) 47.9 (23–66) 52.3 (24–72) Gender  Female 6 6  Male 8 7 Smokers Total 2 1   20 cigarettes per day 1 1 Number of implants 14 13 Implant length (mm) and imp...

Abbreviations & References: A clinical and radiogr...

Abbreviations ASC: Angulated screw channel BOP: Bleeding on probing DBBM: Deproteinised bovine bone mineral GBR: Guided bone regeneration ICC: Intraclass correlation coefficient KT: Keratinised peri-implant tissue PCR: Plaque control record PD: Probing depth PRF: Platelet-rich fibrin PROM: Patient-related outcome measures RCF: ...

Discussion: A clinical and radiographic study of i...

A minor, but statistically significant, radiographic bone loss occurred from baseline to the final follow-up at the neighbouring tooth surfaces in both groups. Moreover, both groups experienced a minor recession of the marginal gingiva from baseline to the final follow-up, but the change was not significant. Recession and the bone level of the neighbouring tooth surfaces to implants placed in ...

Discussion: A clinical and radiographic study of i...

The combination of the NobelParallel CC implant launched in 2015 and an abutment with ASC is relatively new and has so far been lined to only few mechanical problems [39, 40], among which rotation of the crown when torqueing the abutment screw was not stated. In both patients, a new implant was placed without any need for additional bone augmentation and without further complications. ...

Discussion: A clinical and radiographic study of i...

Discussion The present study focused on clinical and radiographic characteristics of staged implants placed in autogenous bone grafts covered by either a PRF membrane (PRF group) or a standard procedure (gold standard) involving coverage of the autogenous bone graft using a deproteinised bovine bone mineral and a resorbable collagen membrane (control group). The PRF group demonstrated a hi...

Results: A clinical and radiographic study of impl...

One patient (control group) expressed minimally changed extraoral sensation in the chin region at both the 1- and 2-week follow-up. However, the extra- and intraoral clinical examination revealed no sensory disturbances. The patient was not affected by this and described the same changed sensation at the final clinical follow-up after 29 months. Another patient (PRF group) experienced sensory d...

Results: A clinical and radiographic study of impl...

Radiographic peri-implant marginal bone change The mean peri-implant marginal bone level at the different time points is shown in Table 2 and Fig. 2. The mean marginal bone level at follow-up was 0.26 mm (95% CI: 0.01–0.50 mm) in the PRF group and 0.68 mm (95% CI: 0.41–0.96 mm) in the control group. The difference between the groups was − 0.43 mm (95% CI: − 0.80 to − 0....

Results: A clinical and radiographic study of impl...

Bleeding on probing The estimated probability or observed proportion of BOP for implants was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.14–0.70) in the PRF group and 0.30 (95% CI: 0.12–0.77) in the control group. The ratio of the probability of observing BOP was 1.046 (95% CI: 0.91–1.20), indicating that the probability of observing BOP is 4.6% higher in the PRF group than in the control group. No statistical differe...

Results: A clinical and radiographic study of impl...

Results Implant survival Two of the 27 initially placed implants were lost in the control group (Table 1). Twenty months after placement of the implant-supported crown, one implant (first premolar, regular platform (4.3 mm), length: 13 mm) was lost due to failed osseointegration. No periodontitis or peri-implant marginal bone resorption was obvious at the time of implant removal. A second...

Material & methods: A clinical and radiographic st...

The distance from the implant-abutment connection to the peri-implant marginal bone level was measured mesially and distally in parallel with the long axis of the implant using open-source software (ImageJ, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the marginal bone level at the neighbouring tooth surfaces was also measured in parallel with...

Material & methods: A clinical and radiographic st...

Prosthodontic treatment Forty-nine days (range: 27–113 days) after placement of the healing abutment, the abutment was removed and the implant position was registered by an impression coping on the implant. The final implant-supported restoration was fabricated by using an individually designed angulated screw channel (ASC) zirconium abutment (Nobel Biocare®, Zürich, Switzerland) and venee...

Material & methods: A clinical and radiographic st...

  Methylprednisolone was prescribed the following morning (16 mg) and evening (16 mg). Additionally, postoperative ibuprofen (400 mg, four times daily) and paracetamol (1000 mg, four times daily) were prescribed for 1 week. The patients were instructed to rinse with 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate twice daily and discontinue the use of their prostheses (if any). Patients were seen for ...

Material & methods: A clinical and radiographic st...

The bone graft was retrieved by making a continuous osteotomy line with a cylindrical and a round bur at the lateral part of the mandible, with a uniform size of approximately 15 × 25 mm (Fig. 1c, d). The bone block containing mainly cortical bone was then gently separated from the mandible using a raspartorium. The block graft was covered with a saline-moistened gauze until used. In the PRF g...

Material & methods: A clinical and radiographic st...

At the time of the bone augmentation procedure, two patients (14%) in the PRF group and one (8%) patient in the control group were smokers. Patients were partially edentulous due to trauma (n = 22), agenesis (n = 3) or marginal periodontitis [2]. Two patients were unavailable for the final follow-up. The referring dentist followed the non-attenders, and telephone interview revealed no subjective o...

Material & methods: A clinical and radiographic st...

Material and methods   The study was performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki and internationally accepted guidelines for RCT, including the CONSORT statement (www.consort-statement.org). The volumetric changes of the augmented bone [26], the histological composition of the augmented bone [27] and pain after the primary bone augmentation procedure [28] were previously described in d...

Background: A clinical and radiographic study of i...

Despite the shape of a membrane, the PRF membrane does not have the properties of a resorbable barrier membrane [21, 22], due to its fast degradation in the same manner as a natural blood clot (1–2 weeks) [23]. Therefore, the PRF membrane is not believed to replace a barrier membrane in the classic understanding of guide bone regeneration (GBR), but rather to enhance the healing capacity of t...

Background: A clinical and radiographic study of i...

Background Implant-supported single crowns are characterised by high long-term survival and few biological and technical complications, which typically includes peri-implant marginal bone loss, screw-loosening and fracture of veneering material complications [1,2,3]. To achieve a successful treatment outcome, the implants must be inserted in sufficient bone volume of an adequate quality to obta...

A clinical and radiographic study of implants plac...

A clinical and radiographic study of implants placed in autogenous bone grafts covered by either a platelet-rich fibrin membrane or deproteinised bovine bone mineral and a collagen membrane: a pilot randomised controlled clinical trial with a 2-year follow-up   Abstract Purpose To compare the survival and clinical performance of implants placed in sites previously augmented with autogenous ...