Fig. 5. ROC analyses of PICF calprotectin and NTx to predict peri-implant diseases. PICF samples were collected from sites with and without peri-implant diseases (n = 74). Calprotectin (a) and NTx (b) amounts in PICF samples were subjected to ROC curve analysis. AUC values for calprotectin and NTx amounts were 0.964 (95% CI = 0.913–0.996, P
Fig. 4. Correlation between NTx amounts and PD or BL rates. a The correlation between PICF NTx amounts and PD was evaluated in PICF samples from peri-implant disease and healthy groups (n = 74, ρ = 0.434, P
Fig. 3. Relationship between PICF calprotectin amounts and PD or GI scores. a The relationship between PICF calprotectin amounts and PD was evaluated in PICF samples from peri-implant disease and healthy groups (n = 74, ρ = 0.709, P
Fig. 2. Comparison of NTx levels in PICF. NTx amounts (a) in PICF samples from peri-implant disease sites (n = 40, diseased) and non-diseased sites (n = 34, healthy) were measured by ELISA, and its concentration (b) was normalized by the volume of PICF. Horizontal bars show the mean values of each group. ‡P
Fig. 1. Comparison of calprotectin levels in PICF. PICF samples were collected from peri-implant disease sites (n = 40, diseased) and non-diseased sites (n = 34, healthy). Calprotectin amounts (a) were measured by ELISA, and its concentration (b) was normalized by the volume of PICF. Horizontal bars show the mean values of each group. *P
Participants
Number of participants
35
Gender (male/female)
10:25
Age (y...
Sakamoto, E., Kido, R., Tomotake, Y. et al. Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen levels in crevicular fluid from implant sites with peri-implant diseases: a pilot study.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 26 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0138-2
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Received: 22 December 2017
Accepted: 25 May 2018
Published: 13 September 2018
DOI: h...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
The present study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Tokushima University Hospital (nos. 2368 and 2719) in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 2013. Participants with peri-implants gave their written informed consent after receiving an explanation of this clinical study.
Authors Eijiro Sakamoto, Rie Kido, Yoritoki Tomotake, Yoshihito Naitou, Yuichi Ishida and Jun-ichi Kido declare t...
Correspondence to
Jun-ichi Kido.
Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
Eijiro Sakamoto, Rie Kido & Jun-ichi Kido
Oral Implant Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
Yoritoki Tomotake & Yoshihito Naitou
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Institute of Biomedical S...
We thank Dr. Toyoko Tajima (Oral Implant Center, Tokushima University Hospital) and Dr. Toshihiko Nagata, Dr. Koji Naruishi, Dr. Hiromichi Yumoto, Dr. Masami Ninomiya, Dr. Mika Bando, Dr. Yuji Inagaki, Dr. Chie Mihara, Dr. Takahisa Ikuta, Mr. Ryosuke Takagi, and Mr. Kohei Nonaka (Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School)...
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Fagerhol MK, Andersson KB, Naess-Andersen CF, Brandtzaeg P, Dale I. Calprotectin (the L1 leukocyte protein). In: Smith UL, Dedman JR, editors. Stimulus response coupling: the role of intracellular calcium-binding proteins. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1990. p. 187–210.
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Heitz-Mayfield LJA....
Aspartate aminotransferase
Bone loss
Bleeding on probing
Cumulative interceptive supportive therapy
Gingival crevicular fluid
Gingival index
Cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen
Interleukin-1β
Matrix metalloproteinase-8
Nuclear factor-κB
Cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen
Osteocalcin
Probing depth
Peri-implant crevicular fluid
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand...
Calprotectin and NTx in PICF are markers of inflammation and bone resorption in peri-implant tissues and may be useful diagnostic markers for peri-implant diseases.
Treatments for peri-implant diseases are selected by CIST [6], in which clinical indicators including PD, BOP, implant mobility, and BL on radiographs are used to diagnose peri-implant diseases. However, these clinical indicators are not considered to be sufficiently accurate or objective for the diagnosis of peri-implant diseases. Biomarkers in PICF contribute to the diagnosis of peri-implant dis...
We did not classify peri-implant diseases into peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in this pilot study. Peri-implant mucositis does not show BL, whereas peri-implantitis shows BL of more than 2.5 or 3 mm on intra-oral radiographs [39, 40]. Figuero et al. [2] introduced plural diagnostic criteria for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Rakic et al. [5] defined peri-implantitis as ...
Diagnostic studies on peri-implant diseases using biomarkers in PICF have been performing because clinical indicators do not necessarily lead to an accurate evaluation of peri-implant diseases [5, 7, 8, 32]. Calprotectin levels were significantly higher in periodontitis GCF than in healthy GCF, and thus, calprotectin is regarded as a useful inflammatory marker for periodontal diseases [16, 17, 19]...
NTx amounts in PICF samples correlated with PD at PICF sampling sites (ρ = 0.434, P
Thirty-four of PICF samples were collected from healthy peri-implant sites and forty samples from diseased sites (Table 1). The mean PD in diseased sites was 4.70 mm, which was significantly deeper than that of healthy sites (2.32 mm). The mean GI score of diseased sites was 1.5, which was significantly higher than that of healthy sites. A significant difference was observed in the BOP-positive...
Calprotectin in PICF samples was determined using Calprotectin Human ELISA kit® (Hycult Biotech, PB Uden, the Netherlands) according to the instruction manual. Briefly, the extracted PICF solution was diluted to 100–200-fold using dilution buffer provided in the kit. The diluted PICF solution was added to wells coated with an antibody of human calprotectin and incubated at room temperature for ...
The present clinical study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Tokushima University Hospital (nos. 2368 and 2719) in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 2013 and performed from November 2016 to August 2017. Patients who received dental implants from 3 to 9 years ago, had healthy or diseased implants with peri-implant diseases, and visited at Tokushima University Hospital for the main...
Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) is an inflammation-related protein that is produced in leukocytes, macrophages/monocytes, and epithelial cells, and its level increases in several inflammatory diseases including ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystic fibrosis [14, 15]. Calprotectin was previously detected in GCF, and its level was significantly higher in GCF from periodontal disease site...
Dental treatments with implants are now being widely performed due to advances in the development of surgical procedures for dental implants and prosthodontics. However, the incidence of peri-implant diseases has been increasing with implant placement [1], and thus, the early detection of these diseases is important for maintaining dental implants. Peri-implant diseases with inflammation and the d...
Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) contains calprotectin and NTx, which are markers for inflammation and bone resorption, respectively. The aims of this pilot study were to compare calprotectin and NTx levels in PICF from implant sites with or without peri-implant diseases and to evaluate the usefulness of calprotectin and NTx as diagnostic markers for peri-implant diseases.
Thirty-five patient...
Penelitian pada manusia
Penelitian-penelitian eksperimental pada manusia telah mengevaluasi respons terhadap penumpukan biofilm 3 minggu, sesuai dengan kerangka kala penelitian gingivitis eksperimental oleh Löe et al., di mana reversibilitas lesi radang di seputar gigi ditunjukkan setelah reinstitusi kontrol biofilm setelah 3 minggu. Ada penelitian yang melaporkan biopsi manusia dari jaringan pe...
Indikator risiko
Publiskasi
Ringkasan
Rasio ganjil (95% CI), analisis multivariat
Signifikansi
Keberadaan biofilm plak
Roos‐Jansaker et al.
218 subyek, 9 tahun sampai 14 tahun tindak lanjut, analisis multivariat
1.9 (1.2 –2.9)
P = 0.004
Skor plak:
buruk = skor plak median 1 < x < 2
Ferreira et al.
212 subyek semua non‐smokers, 6 bulan sampai 5 tah...
Persamaan & perbedaan antara indikator / faktor risiko untuk penyakit periodontal vs mukositis peri-implant
Tinjauan sistematis terbaru merinkes indikator risiko potensial untuk mukositis peri-implant dan mengidentifikasi penumpukan biofilm dan merokok sebagai indikator risiko. Selain itu, penelitian lintas bagian menunjukkan bahwa skor plak merupakan indikator risiko mukositis peri-implant den...
Desain prostesis yang didukung implant
Aksesibilitas untuk penghapusan biofilm di sekeliling prostesis yang didukung implant memainkan peran penting dalam upaya pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan penyakit peri‐implant. Implant dengan margin restorasi supramukosa metokke penurunan kedalaman probing yang jauh lebih besar setelah perawatan mukositis peri-implant dibandingkan implant dengan margin rest...
Pada pasien edentula sebagian, mukositis peri-implant pra-ada yang disertai dengan kurangnya kepatuhan pada SIT punya hubungan dengan tingkat kejadian peri-implantitis yang lebih tinggi selama periode tindak lanjut 5 tahun. Weton penelitian itu metokke tingkat kejadian peri-implantitis 5 tahun sebesar 18.0% pada kelompok pasien dengan SIT dan 43.9% dalam kelompok tanpa SIT. Analisis regresi logi...
Kebersihan mulut
Weton penelitian klinis penampang telah dengan jelas menunjukkan bahwa penumpukan biofilm berkaitan dengan adanya mukositis peri-implant di seputar implant gigi yang ter-osseointegrata. Ferreira et al melaporkan tentang 212 pasien yang dirawat dengan tiga sistem implant yang berbeda dan didiagnosis dengan mukositis peri-implant. Semua implant telah berfungsi untuk jangka wayah mu...
Pada Lokakarya Buana sebelumnya tentang Periodontologi, definisi faktor risiko disetujui sebagai "faktor lingkungan, perilaku, atau biologis yang dikonfirmasi oleh urutan temporal, biasanya dalam studi longitudinal, yang jika ada, secara langsung meningkatkan peluang penyakit terjadi dan, jika tidak ada atau dihapus mengurangi peluang itu." Untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang sebenarnya, but...
Penelitian eksperimental pada manusia dan sato telah menunjukkan bahwa penumpukan biofilm de novo memicu lesi radang dalam mukosa peri-implant dengan migrasi leukosit melalui epitel penghalang dan pembentukan infiltrat radang dengan peningkatan proporsi sel T dan sel B di dalam jaringan ikat yang berada dekat dengan epitel penghalang.
Model sato
Model mukositis peri-implant eksperimental telah...
Meskipun hubungan daruna-daruni antara akumulasi biofilm eksperimental dan pengembangan mukositis peri-implant eksperimental diklaim dalam dua penelitian yang disebutkan sebelumnya, kasus untuk hubungan daruna-daruni yang sebenarnya akan diperosa oleh bukti reversibilitas untuk tingkat pra-eksperimental kesarasan mukosa.
Dalam penelitian oleh Salvi et al, GI di situs implant turun secara signifik...
Mukosa peri-implant yang saras ditandai dengan adanya epitel oral yang meluas ke epitel penghalang non-keratin dengan lamina basal dan hemidesmosome yang menghadap ke permukaan implant atau abutmen. Dalam jaringan ikat yang berdekatan dengan penghalang epitel, ada infiltrat sel radang yang menyulihi pertahanan inang terhadap tantangan bakteri. Dalam kondisi mukosa peri-implant yang saras, epitel p...
Gingivitis
Mukositis peri‐implant
Pengertian
Peradangan gingival tanpa susut perlekatan periodontal
Peradangan mukosa peri‐implant tanpa penyusutan tulang peri-implant berkelanjutan
Tanda klinis
Kemerahan, bengkak, dan perdarahan dengan probing lembut
Kemerahan, bengkak, perdarahan dengan probing lembut, dan nanah
Peradangan eksperimental pada manusia
P...
Mukosa peri-implan telah didefinisikan dalam lokakarya sebelumnya sebagai lesi inflamasi mukosa yang mengelilingi implant endosseous tanpa kehilangan tulang peri-implant pendukung. Kriteria penting untuk pengertian mukositis peri-implant adalah peradangan pada mukosa peri-implant dan tidak adanya keropos tulang peri-implant marjinal yang berkelanjutan. Tanda klinis peradangan adalah pendarahan pad...
Pencarian literatur MEDLINE (PubMed) dan The Cochrane Library hingga dan termasuk 31 Juli 2016, dilakukan menggunakan strategi pencarian (peri-implant[All Fields] AND ("mucositis"[MeSH Terms] OR "mucositis"[All Fields])) OR (periimplant[All Fields] AND mucositis[All Fields]), memunculkan 224 karya kawidyan. Penelitian prospektif, retrospektif, dan lintas bidang dan karya tinjauan yang berfokus pad...
Penyakit peri-implant, termasuk peri-implant mucositis dan peri-implantitis, pertama kali didefinisikan dan dijelaskan pada Lokakarya Eropa Pertama tentang Periodontologi di Ittingen pada tahun 1993. Setelah itu, ada banyak lokakarya yang medhar definisi, kelumrahan, dan pengobatan penyakit ini. penyakit. Mucositis peri-implan dianggap sebagai prekursor peri-implantitis. Tujuan dari tinjauan narat...
Tujuan
Tinjauan naratif ini disiapkan untuk Lokakarya Buana 2017 Akademi Periodontologi Amerika dan Federasi Periodontologi Eropa untuk menanggapi pertanyaan-pertanyaan kunci terkait dengan kondisi klinis mukositis peri-implant, termasuk:
definisi mukositis peri-implant,
perubahan kesarasan peri-implant jadi lesi mukositis peri-implant yang diinduksi oleh biofilm,
reversibilitas mukositis ...
Gambar 1. Peri-implant mucositis vs peri-implantitis vs peri-implant health
Risk indicator
Publication
Summary
Odds ratio (95% CI), multivariate analysis
Significance
Plaque biofilm presence
Roos‐Jansaker et al.
218 subjects, 9‐ to 14‐year follow‐up, multivariate analysis
1.9 (1.2 –2.9)
P = 0.004
Plaque score: poor = median plaque score > 1 and
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RISK INDICATORS/FACTORS FOR PERIODONTAL DISEASES VERSUS PERI‐IMPLANT MUCOSITIS
A recent systematic review summarized potential risk indicators for peri‐implant mucositis and identified biofilm accumulation and smoking as risk indicators. In addition, a cross‐sectional study showed that plaque score was a risk indicator for peri‐implant mucositis in a...
Design of implant‐supported prostheses
Accessibility for biofilm removal around implant‐supported prostheses plays an important role in the prevention and management of peri‐implant diseases. Implants with supramucosal restoration margins yielded significantly greater reductions in probing depths following treatment of peri‐implant mucositis compared with those with submucosal restoration...
In partially edentulous patients, pre‐existing peri‐implant mucositis in conjunction with lack of adherence to SIT was associated with a higher incidence of peri‐implantitis during a 5‐year follow‐up period. The outcomes of that study yielded a 5‐year incidence of peri‐implantitis of 18.0% in the group of patients with SIT and of 43.9% in the group without SIT, respectively. The ...
Oral hygiene
Outcomes of cross‐sectional clinical studies have clearly indicated that biofilm accumulation is associated with the presence of peri‐implant mucositis around osseointegrated dental implants. Ferreira et al. reported on 212 patients treated with three different implant systems and diagnosed with peri‐implant mucositis. All implants had been in function for a period ranging f...
At a previous World Workshop on Periodontology the definition of a risk factor was agreed as, “an environmental, behavioral or biologic factor confirmed by temporal sequence, usually in longitudinal studies, which if present, directly increases the probability of a disease occurring and, if absent or removed reduces that probability.” To identify a true risk factor, prospective studies are req...
Experimental studies in humans and animals have demonstrated that de novo biofilm accumulation results in an inflammatory lesion within the peri‐implant mucosa with migration of leukocytes through the barrier epithelium and the establishment of an inflammatory infiltrate with an increased proportion of T‐ and B‐cells in the connective tissue adjacent to the barrier epithelium.
Animal mod...
Although a cause–effect relationship between experimental biofilm accumulation and the development of experimental peri‐implant mucositis was claimed in the two studies mentioned previously, the case for a true cause–effect relationship would be strengthened by the proof of reversibility to pre‐experimental levels of mucosal health. In the study by Salvi et al., the GI at implant sites dr...
Healthy peri‐implant mucosa is characterized by the presence of an oral epithelium extending into a non‐keratinized barrier epithelium with basal lamina and hemidesmosomes facing the implant or abutment surface. In the connective tissue adjacent to the epithelial barrier, inflammatory cell infiltrates representing the host's defense against the bacterial challenge are present. In healthy peri...
Gingivitis
Peri‐implant mucositis
Definition
Gingival inflammation without periodontal attachment loss
Peri‐implant mucosal inflammation in absence of continuous marginal peri‐implant bone loss
Clinical signs
Redness, swelling, and bleeding on gentle probing
Redness, swelling, bleeding on gentle probing, and suppuration
Experimental inflammation in humans
I...
Peri‐implant mucositis has been defined in previous workshops as an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa surrounding an endosseous implant without loss of supporting peri‐implant bone. The important criteria for the definition of peri‐implant mucositis are inflammation in the peri‐implant mucosa and the absence of continuing marginal peri‐implant bone loss. The clinical sign of inflammation...
A literature search of MEDLINE (PubMed) and The Cochrane Library up to and including July 31, 2016, was carried out using the search strategy (peri‐implant[All Fields] AND (“mucositis”[MeSH Terms] OR “mucositis”[All Fields])) OR (periimplant[All Fields] AND mucositis[All Fields]), resulting in 224 papers. Prospective, retrospective, and cross‐sectional studies and review papers focused...
Peri‐implant diseases, including peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis, were first defined and described at the First European Workshop on Periodontology in Ittingen in 1993. Following this, there have been numerous workshops addressing the definition, prevalence, and treatment of these diseases. Peri‐implant mucositis is considered to be the precursor of peri‐implantitis. The ob...
Objectives
This narrative review was prepared for the 2017 World Workshop of the American Academy of Periodontology and European Federation of Periodontology to address key questions related to the clinical condition of peri‐implant mucositis, including: 1) the definition of peri‐implant mucositis, 2) conversion of peri‐implant health to the biofilm‐induced peri‐implant mucositis lesi...