Fig. 2. Clinical image of patient 4: a region 21 before implant placement. b, c Implant placement using the GBR procedure with a synthetic bone substitute material composed of HA + β-TCP
Fig. 2. Clinical image of patient 4: a region 21 before implant placement. b, c Implant placement using the GBR procedure with a synthetic bone substitute material composed of HA + β-TCP
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the technical characteristics of the investigated C-Tech Esthetic Line implant system (provided by the manufacturer)
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the technical characteristics of the investigated C-Tech Esthetic Line implant system (provided by the manufacturer)
Patient
Implant-localization (region)
Implant loss (+/−)
Buccal width of keratinized peri-implant gingiva (mm)
Buccal thickness of keratinized peri-implant gi...
Patient
Gender (m/f)
Age (years)
Implant localization (region)
Implant diameter (mm)
...
Lorenz, J., Lerner, H., Sader, R.A. et al. Investigation of peri-implant tissue conditions and peri-implant tissue stability in implants placed with simultaneous augmentation procedure: a 3-year retrospective follow-up analysis of a newly developed bone level implant system.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 41 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0104-4
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Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
This study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the approval of the ethics committee required for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt. The procedures to be performed were explained in detail, and the patients signed the consent form.
Jonas Lorenz, Henriette Lerner, Robert Sader, an...
Department for Oral, FORM-Lab, Cranio-Maxillofacial, and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Jonas Lorenz, Robert A. Sader & Shahram Ghanaati
HL-Dentclinic, Baden-Baden, Germany
Henriette Lerner
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Lerner H, Lorenz J, Sader R, Ghanaati S. Two-year retrospective study of periimplant health and periimplant bone stability after immediate implant placement of a newly developed bone level implant system—a first report. EDI Journal (European Association of Dental Implantologists, Teamwork Media); 2017; ahead of print.
Ghanaati S, Lorenz J, Obreja K, Choukroun J, Landes C, Sader R. Nanocrystalli...
Gurgel BC, Montenegro SC, Dantas PM, Pascoal AL, Lima KC, Calderon PD. Frequency of peri-implant diseases and associated factors. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016; doi: 10.1111/clr.12944
Qian J, Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T. Reasons for marginal bone loss around oral implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14(6):792–807.
Berglundh T, Lindhe J, Ericsson I, Marinello C, Liljenberg B, Thomsen P....
β-tricalcium phosphate
Bleeding on probing
Fixed prosthetics
Guided bone regeneration
Hydroxyapatite
Multinucleated giant cells
Pink Esthetic Score
Removable prosthetics
In the present study, the implant and peri-implant hard- and soft-tissue stability was analyzed in a bone level implant system placed simultaneously with a GBR procedure 3 years after prosthetic loading. Peri-implant hard- and soft-tissue parameters such as width and thickness of peri-implant keratinized gingiva, probing depth, BOP, PES, peri-implant bone loss, and the presence of peri-implant os...
Comparing the present results to the aforementioned study with the same implant system on immediately placed implants, it seems that the GBR augmentation procedure has no influence on the long-term stability of the implants. In both studies with different placement modalities and protocols, comparable clinical and radiological results were achieved. This leads to the assumption that the investigat...
The tissue reaction, however, did not only differ in bone substitute materials of different origin but also in bone substitute materials of the same origin. In an in vivo trial, two xenogeneic bone substitute materials processed with different techniques were implanted subcutaneously in CD-1 mice for up to 60 days. Both bone substitute materials showed good integration within the peri-implant tis...
In the present retrospective study, C-Tech bone level implants placed simultaneously with a GBR procedure around the implant shoulder were investigated clinically and radiologically after at least 3 years of loading to assess peri-implant tissue conditions and document peri-implant tissue stability.
A total of 47 implants were placed in the upper (23 implants) and lower jaw (24 implants) of 20 p...
Investigation of the esthetic appearance via PES revealed a mean point score of 10.1 (ranging from 7 to 13) from a maximum of 14. The highest values and therefore acceptance were found in the alveolar process deficiency and the soft-tissue level, which can be interpreted as a benefit of the augmentation procedure around the implant shoulder.
Peri-implant bone loss calculated using the average bon...
Altogether, 47 implants were placed in the upper and lower jaws of a total of 20 patients. In all implants, lateral augmentation in a GBR process was performed simultaneously with implant placement due to reduced horizontal or vertical height of the alveolar crest. A total of 23 implants were placed in the upper jaw and 24 implants in the lower jaw. The implant diameter varied between 3.5 mm (32 ...
Investigation parameters:
Implant being in situ
Width and thickness of peri-implant keratinized gingiva
Pink Esthetic Score (PES)
Probing depth
BOP
Peri-implant bone loss
Presence of peri-implant osteolysis
In the present retrospective study, bone level implants (C-Tech Esthetic Line implants) were investigated clinically and radiologically. The bone level implant system has a Morse-locking conical implant-abutment connection with platform switching and an indexing hex that allows subcrestal implant placement and aims to prevent peri-implant bone loss. The surface of the implant system is manufacture...
In the present retrospective study, 47 dental implants (C-Tech Esthetic Line implants) from 20 patients (11 female, 9 male) with a mean age of 58.5 years (45–75 years) were analyzed clinically and radiologically. Implant placement and follow-up investigation was performed at the HL Dentclinic in Baden-Baden, Germany. The study was approved by the ethics commission of the medical department of ...
The aim of the present retrospective investigation was to assess clinically and radiologically peri-implant tissue conditions and document peri-implant tissue stability in C-Tech implants when placed simultaneously with a GBR augmentation procedure after at least 3 years of loading.
The ability of bone substitute materials to form a sufficient and stable implantation bed has been proven in numerous clinical trials; however, it is still to a certain degree unclear if the different tissue reactions have an impact on the establishment of a peri-implant infection, especially when these biomaterials are used for augmentations around the implant shoulder. Due to the two-stage desig...
The prevalence of peri-implantitis has grown in the past few years and has become a major issue in implant dentistry. Long-term stable and healthy soft- and hard-tissue conditions should be achieved in combination with esthetically and functionally satisfying results. However, the rising number of placed implants in the past decades has come with an increase in the prevalence of peri-implantitis [...
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been proven to be a reliable therapy to regenerate missing bone in cases of atrophy of the alveolar crest. The aim of the present retrospective analysis was to assess peri-implant tissue conditions and document peri-implant tissue stability in C-Tech implants when placed simultaneously with a GBR augmentation procedure.
A total of 47 implants, which were placed ...
Fig. 1. The frequency of each training standard covered by CPD courses
Fig. 1. The frequency of each training standard covered by CPD courses
Selection criteria for NHS dental implant therapy
1
People with congenital conditions resulting in deformed and/or missing teeth
2
...
Qualification
Duration (years)
Study mode
Mean tuition fee—per course (£)
CPD (11 verifiable, 2 non-verifiable)
...
Level of qualification
Mean duration (years)
Study mode
Mean tuition fee—per course (£)
FT
...
Dental institutions
BPP University
Cardiff University
Edge Hill University
Faculty of General Dental Practitioners
...
Training Standards in Implant Dentistry, 2016
1
Basic sciences: surgical anatomy, pathological process, bone defects, healing processes
2
...
Kim, N.Y., Stagnell, S. Postgraduate education in dental implantology in the United Kingdom: a review.
Int J Implant Dent 4, 8 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0115-1
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Received: 27 August 2017
Accepted: 28 December 2017
Published: 29 January 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0115-1
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
Author Na Yeoun Kim and Sami Stagnell declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Dover Health Centre Dental Department, Maidson Dieu Road, Dover, CT16 1RH, UK
Na Yeoun Kim
Southampton NHS Treatment Centre, Royal South Hants Hospital, Brinton Terrace, Southampton, Hampshire, SO14 0YG, UK
Sami Stagnell
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Author Na Yeoun Kim and Sami Stagnell state that no funding was received.
Marketsandmarkets. Dental Implants and Prosthetics Market by Type (Implant, Crown, Bridge, Denture, Abutment, Veneer, Inlay, Onlay), Material (Titanium, Zirconium, Ceramic, Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal), Type of Facility (Hospitals, Dental Laboratories) - Forecast to 2021. Available from: http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/dental-implants-prosthetics-market-695.html [Accessed 16 April 201...
Continuing professional development
Faculty of General Dental Practice (United Kingdom)
General Dental Council
National Health Service
Royal College of Surgeons of England
Training Standards in Implant Dentistry
Universities and Colleges Admissions Services
United Kingdom
Development of FGDP (UK) TSID guidelines has led to a significant improvement in the quality of postgraduate education in Dental Implantology in the UK. However, not all courses are fully compliant with these guidelines, and the provision of mentoring for implant placements also needs to be standardised. Quality-assured training is directly related to patient safety, and therefore, all UK postgrad...
Teaching experience and formal qualifications of speakers were shown to be the most important criterion for quality assurance of the courses, and it is fundamental that more nationally or internationally accredited courses with quality teaching staff become widely available throughout the country. In addition, all courses should have clear aims and learning objectives as well as formal end-of-cour...
This study revealed the variation that exists amongst the postgraduate academic and CPD courses in Dental Implantology in terms of level of qualification, duration, study mode, tuition fee, entry requirements and core modules. The level of qualification ranged from non-verifiable CPD to masters level, and the duration of courses also varied in accordance with the level of qualifications. Most of t...
Due to the design of the study, the data collection was only based on the information available online or in dental journals. This inevitably carried the risk of the information being outdated or exclusion of further details that were available via other methods. This was particularly relevant when reviewing the core modules of the academic courses identified. A considerable number of courses only...
A total of 13 CPD courses were included in this study. The mean duration for CPD courses was 0.94 years, and all courses were delivered in part-time mode. The mean tuition fee per course was £7543.08. Eleven of these courses were verifiable CPD courses, and two courses were providing certificates only, which would be considered as non-verifiable CPD courses. Of 11 institutions who declared that ...
All the academic courses identified from this process were included in this study, and a total of 18 courses were included in the study. The list of ten dental institutions offering postgraduate academic courses in Dental Implantology is shown in Table 2.
There were eight master level courses with three full-time options and five part-time options, and the mean duration of the courses was 2.50 ...
This article aims to evaluate the current standards of the postgraduate education in Dental Implantology in the UK by identifying all postgraduate academic qualifications and CPD courses available in the field of Dental Implantology and comparing their core modules against the FGDP (UK) TSID 2016 guidelines.
Completion of specialist training in another field of dentistry, such as oral surgery, pe...
The global dental implants and prosthetics market is expected to reach USD 12.32 billion by 2021, at a compound annual growth rate of 7.2% from 2016 to 2021 [1]. Although Europe accounted for the largest share of the global dental implants and prosthetics market in 2015 [1], the number of implants placed per 10,000 people in the United Kingdom (UK) is significantly lower than many comparable Europ...
The qualified dentists in the United Kingdom (UK) are not expected to be competent in practising implant dentistry without further training in the subject and there is now greater emphasis on postgraduate training in Dental Implantology. There are three main education pathways at present, yet their training standards vary significantly.
This study aims to identify UK postgraduate academic qualifi...
Figure 2. Clinical image of patient 4: a region 21 before implant placement. b, c Implant placement using the GBR procedure with a synthetic bone substitute material composed of HA + β-TCP
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the technical characteristics of the investigated C-Tech Esthetic Line implant system (provided by the manufacturer)
Patient
Implant-localization (region)
Implant loss (+/−)
Buccal width of keratinized peri-implant gingiva (mm)
Buccal thickness of keratinized peri-implant gingiva (mm)
Pink Esthetic Score (PES)
Probing depth (mm) at four sites (mb, db, mo, do)
Bleeding on Probing (+/−) at four sites (mb, db, mo, do)
Peri-implant bone loss (mm)
Presence of peri-implant osteolysis (+/−)
...
Patient
Gender (m/f)
Age (years)
Implant localization (region)
Implant diameter (mm)
Implant length (mm)
Augmentation material
Prosthetic rehabilitation
1
f
50
32
3.5
13
HA + β-TCP
r.p
34
4.3
11
HA + β-TCP
r.p
42
3.5
13
HA + β-TCP
r.p
44
4.3
11
HA + β-TCP
r.p
2
m
61
36
3.5
11
HA + β-TCP
...
Abbreviations
β-TCP:
β-tricalcium phosphate
BOP:
Bleeding on probing
F.P.:
Fixed prosthetics
GBR:
Guided bone regeneration
HA:
Hydroxyapatite
MNGCs:
Multinucleated giant cells
PES:
Pink Esthetic Score
R.P.:
Removable prosthetics
References
Gurgel BC, Montenegro SC, Dantas PM, Pascoal AL, Lima KC, Calderon PD. Frequency o...
Comparing the present results to the aforementioned study with the same implant system on immediately placed implants, it seems that the GBR augmentation procedure has no influence on the long-term stability of the implants. In both studies with different placement modalities and protocols, comparable clinical and radiological results were achieved. This leads to the assumption that the inve...
The tissue reaction, however, did not only differ in bone substitute materials of different origin but also in bone substitute materials of the same origin. In an in vivo trial, two xenogeneic bone substitute materials processed with different techniques were implanted subcutaneously in CD-1 mice for up to 60 days. Both bone substitute materials showed good integration within the peri-impla...
Discussion
In the present retrospective study, C-Tech bone level implants placed simultaneously with a GBR procedure around the implant shoulder were investigated clinically and radiologically after at least 3 years of loading to assess peri-implant tissue conditions and document peri-implant tissue stability.
A total of 47 implants were placed in the upper (23 implants) and lower jaw (24...
Results
Altogether, 47 implants were placed in the upper and lower jaws of a total of 20 patients. In all implants, lateral augmentation in a GBR process was performed simultaneously with implant placement due to reduced horizontal or vertical height of the alveolar crest. A total of 23 implants were placed in the upper jaw and 24 implants in the lower jaw. The implant diameter varied between 3...
C-Tech implant system
In the present retrospective study, bone level implants (C-Tech Esthetic Line implants) were investigated clinically and radiologically. The bone level implant system has a Morse-locking conical implant-abutment connection with platform switching and an indexing hex that allows subcrestal implant placement and aims to prevent peri-implant bone loss. The surface of the implan...
Methods
Patient population
In the present retrospective study, 47 dental implants (C-Tech Esthetic Line implants) from 20 patients (11 female, 9 male) with a mean age of 58.5 years (45–75 years) were analyzed clinically and radiologically. Implant placement and follow-up investigation was performed at the HL Dentclinic in Baden-Baden, Germany. The study was approved by the ethics commissio...
Regarding the stability of peri-implant hard and soft tissue, biological or anatomical factors are not the only elements that could be proven to have an impact. Technical factors such as the implant-abutment connection are also known to be key factors for long-term stable hard- and soft-tissue health [11]. Regarding the implant-abutment connection, which seems to be the key issue, located on the i...
However, in most patients, the local bone amount is reduced due to atrophy, inflammatory processes, or resectional defects. Therefore, in the past few years, different techniques have been described to enlarge the local bone amount in prospective implant sites [7]. Besides methods such as GBR or the sinus augmentation technique, different augmentation materials have been investigated and establish...
Background
The prevalence of peri-implantitis has grown in the past few years and has become a major issue in implant dentistry. Long-term stable and healthy soft- and hard-tissue conditions should be achieved in combination with esthetically and functionally satisfying results. However, the rising number of placed implants in the past decades has come with an increase in the prevalence of ...
Investigation of peri-implant tissue conditions and peri-implant tissue stability in implants placed with simultaneous augmentation procedure: a 3-year retrospective follow-up analysis of a newly developed bone level implant system
Abstract
Background
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been proven to be a reliable therapy to regenerate missing bone in cases of atrophy of the alveolar crest. T...
Figure 21. A dental class I occlusion was established only on the right side (lateral aspect)
Figure 20. The left side could not be restored to an ideal class I relationship from the original class II due to the pontic prosthesis
Figure 19. A full-mouth frontal aspect
Figure 18. OPT after prosthodontic finalization
Figure 17. Implants were used for implant-retained prostheses (abutment-cemented crowns), and a three-unit fixed partial denture pontic (crowns 25–27) was placed
Figure 16. After orthodontic treatment was completed, the prosthodontic phase took place
Figure 15. All implants received immediate healing screws
Figure 14. Implants placement after site preparation
Figure 13. Implant site preparation: OP5, IM2, OT4, and IM3 (correctly in sequence)
Figure 12. The total width flap was sutured
Figure 11. A mesiobuccal root surface exposure of element 16 required bone regeneration through Bio Oss and bone chip application
Figure 10. A triangular-shaped corticotomy was performed with inserts OT7 0.55 mm and OT7 special 0.35 mm to accelerate orthodontic tooth movements
Figure 9. A microsurgical corticotomy was mandatory to assist orthodontic tipping and intrusion of elements 16 and 17
Figure 8. Orthodontic bracket placement: left side view
Figure 7. Ortodontic bracket placement: right side view
Figure 6. Orthodontic bracket placement: frontal view
Figure 5. The panoramic radiography and cephalometric analysis revealed a partially edentulous mandible
Figure 4. The panoramic radiography and cephalometric analysis revealed a partially edentulous mandible
Figure 3. Some metal ceramic crowns in the upper left maxillary arch with a very poor esthetic appearance
Figure 2. Initial lateral intraoral aspect
Figure 1. Initial frontal intraoral aspect
A number of reports have indicated that orthodontic treatment can improve the periodontal situation in patients with pathologic migration by providing good function and improved esthetics after realignment.
It is generally recommended that orthodontic treatment should be preceded by periodontal therapy. In fact, orthodontic treatment when there is an inflammation/periodontal...
Discussion
The management of an anterior deep bite requires adequate treatment planning, especially if the clinical condition is associated with posterior DVO (vertical occlusion dimension) reduction due to multiple missing teeth. A multidisciplinary planning approach, including orthodontics, oral and periodontic surgery, and restorative dentistry, has an important role in t...
This was a preliminary stage before the first surgical corticotomy (performed with a piezo device).
A microsurgical corticotomy was mandatory to assist orthodontic tipping and intrusion of elements 16 and 17. This surgical procedure was performed by a piezo approach (Fig. 9).
A total width flap was elevated to make the cortical subapical and longitudinal bone cut possible. The ...
Case presentation
Diagnosis and etiology
A young female patient was referred to our dental clinic to resolve a malocclusion disorder due to missing teeth. She was unsatisfied with the functional aspect of her dentition. She had a second upper right molar very damaged by caries (17) (Figs. 1 and 2); it was also extruded due to missing antagonist teeth (I and II l...
A piezo surgery with corticotomies and implant placement as part of a multidisciplinary approach to treat malocclusion disorder in an adult patient: clinical report
Abstract
This clinical report illustrates a multidisciplinary approach for the rehabilitation of a young adult patient affected by a bilateral edentulous space and an anterior deep bite. The patient required orthodontics and surgic...
Pengukuran tulang (bone sounding)
Bone sounding atau transmucosal sounding (TS) adalah pengukuran yang digunakan untuk menentukan ketinggian seluruh cuff (manset) jaringan lunak pada berbagai kelompok gigi dan implant. Matra mukosa peri-implan dan gingiva pada letak gigi yang berdekatan dipelajari dengan pengukuran klinis yang dilakukan terutama pada subjek edentulous sebagian yang telah dirawa...
Wedharan
Susunan seluler jaringan dengan peri-implantitis di seputar implant berbasis zirkonia belum pernah dijelajahi sebelumnya. Salingpengaruh pilah antara sel-sel radang dalam jaringan dengan peri-implantitis dan dampaknya pada kerusakan osseous peri-implant sehubungan dengan bahan implant masih belum diketahui. Studi perintis ini menunjukkan bahwa ada penampilan histologi serupa lesi peri-im...
Biopsi jaringan peri-implant diambil dari 15 pasien (berusia 34 hingga 88 tahun, enam laki-laki / sembilan perempuan) dengan peri-implantitis parah (delapan implant keramik, tujuh implant titanium) (lihat Tabel S1 dalam Jurnal Periodontologi online). Keberadaan makrofag, Limfosit-B, Limfosit-T, dan sel plasma diidentifikasi dalam semua sampel. Mikrograf yang menggambarkan lesi peri-implantitis unt...
Penelitian ini disetujui oleh komite etik Pusat Medis Universitas Freiburg, Jerman (Ethik‑Kommission Albert‑Ludwigs‑Universität, Freiburg) No 337/04. Penelitian dilakukan seturut Deklarasi Helsinki tahun 1964, sebagaimana direvisi pada tahun 2013 dan dengan pedoman EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research). Sebelum nglelarik, pasien menerima warta tentang tujuan p...
The implant device lacks tooth characteristic structures such as root cementum, periodontal ligament, and bundle bone (alveolar bone proper). The dento‐alveolar and the dento‐gingival fiber bundles connect the soft tissues with the tooth (root cementum), while no such fiber bundles are apparent in the peri‐implant tissues. At periodontally healthy sites, the margin of the gingiva follow...
Bone tissue in the edentulous ridge
In a study involving partially edentulous subjects, hard tissue biopsies were sampled from the maxilla and the mandible with the use of trephine drills. The bone tissue was found to include a blend of mainly lamellar bone (46%) and bone marrow (23%) with less amounts of fibrous (12%) and osteoid (4%) tissue. Bone marrow was the dominant tissu...
KERATINIZED MUCOSA (KM)
Keratinized mucosa is a term used to describe the masticatory mucosa that is present at many, but not all, implant sites. Keratinized mucosa extends from the margin of the peri‐implant mucosa to the movable lining (oral) mucosa. Keratinized mucosa is comprised of a lamina propria (fibrous connective tissue that contains fibroblasts and equal amounts of ty...
BONE SOUNDING
Bone sounding or transmucosal sounding (TS) is a measurement that is used to determine the height of the entire soft tissue cuff at various groups of teeth and implants. The dimensions of the peri‐implant mucosa and the gingiva at adjacent tooth sites was studied by clinical measurements performed mainly in partially edentulous subjects who had been treated with im...
PERI‐IMPLANT TISSUES IN CLINICAL HEALTH
The gingiva and the peri‐implant mucosa and their adhesion (seal) are consistently challenged by the oral environment, including the steady exposure to microorganisms in the biofilm present on the tooth and implant surfaces. In the clinically normal peri‐implant mucosa (and gingiva), the continuous host response includes both vascular ...
Animal studies
The dimension of the peri‐implant mucosa, often called the biological width or dimension, was examined in biopsies mainly obtained from studies in dogs. Such measurements disclosed that a certain width of soft tissue may be required to cover the peri‐implant bone. The studies referred to the length of the epithelium (from the peri‐implant mucosa margin to the...
The formation of the mucosal adhesion was studied in a dog model. One‐piece implant devices were placed in the edentulous mandible of dogs, and healing was monitored using light microscopic examination of biopsies sampled at different intervals during a 3‐month period. In the initial phase of the wound between the implant and cut connective tissue, a fibrin clot/coagulum formed that was inf...
PERI‐IMPLANT MUCOSA
Most information regarding the structural features of the peri‐implant mucosa is derived from animal studies using dog models. In such studies implants were placed in the edentulous ridge (alternatively, the fresh extraction socket), the outer osseous part of which was covered with masticatory mucosa. It was also shown that the healed peri‐implant mucosa on the buccal a...
Peri‐implant tissues are those that occur around osseointegrated dental implants. They are divided into soft and hard tissue compartments. The soft tissue compartment is denoted “peri‐implant mucosa” and is formed during the wound healing process that follows implant/abutment placement. The hard tissue compartment forms a contact relationship to the implant surface to secure implant stab...
Abstract
Objective
The aim is to define clinical and histologic characteristics of peri‐implant tissues in health and describe the mucosa–implant interface.
Importance
An understanding of the characteristics of healthy peri‐implant tissues facilitates the recognition of disease (i.e., departure from health).
Findings
The healthy peri‐implant mucosa is, at the microscopic ...
n
p50
Mean
SD
Min.
Max.
Titanium
CD3
7
928
2,483
2,395
34
6,215
CD20
7
179
477
634
2
1,663
CD68
7
431
489
435
5
1,032
CD138
7
2,663
4,612
7,985
11
22,340
Ceramic
CD3
8
2,915
3,755
2,241
2,324
8,980
CD20
8
533
1,165
1,212
340
3,283
CD68
8
519
529
25...
Gambar 4. Plot tumpuk (stacked plot) menunjukkan respon kekebalan spesifik pasien. Sebaran persentase sel diwarnai dengan CD3, CD20, CD68, dan CD138 untuk setiap pasien (pasien 1 sampai 15)
Figure 4. Stacked plot demonstrated a patient‐specific immune response. Percentage distribution of cells stained with CD3, CD20, CD68, and CD138 for each patient (patients 1 to 15)
Figure 3. Biopsies derived from tissue around ceramic and titanium implants demonstrated the same numerical distribution of cell population (CD3, CD20, CD68, CD138). Cell count of each antibody in peri‐implantitis around ceramic (blue) and titanium (green) implants
Figure 2. Biopsies retrieved from peri‐implantitis tissue around titanium and ceramic implants.
Figure 2. Biopsies retrieved from peri‐implantitis tissue around titanium and ceramic implants. Staining was performed using hematoxylin and immunostaining against CD3, CD20, CD68, and CD138. Magnification ×5 and ×40, respectively.
Figure 1. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in 20 randomly selected ROIs (Region of Interests).
Figure 1. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in 20 randomly selected ROIs (Region of Interests). The ROIs comprised a size of 500 × 800 µm at magnification of ×15.5. Pictures of the ROIs were taken and positive cells in the ROIs were counted using ImageJ. The results were evaluated by...
Furthermore, the host‐response and interaction between lymphocyte‐ and monocyte‐macrophage lineage as well as the influence of nano‐ and microparticles on the microbial biofilm and cytokine release in peri‐implant inflammation is not elucidated and future studies could shed more light on the etiological discussion.
Within this study, the first histological comparison of human peri‐imp...
Since variations regarding cell‐type distribution on the patient level were detected, the present results may suggest an immune response associated with patient‐specific parameters like implant biofilm/oral microbiome composition, different implant surface characteristics, different anatomical features like bone quality and soft tissue condition, different and/or combined etiology pathways and...
The cellular composition of tissue with peri‐implantitis around zirconia‐based implants has never been explored before. The specific interaction of inflammatory cells in tissue with peri‐implantitis and their impact on peri‐implant osseous breakdown with regard to the implant material is still unknown. The present pilot study demonstrated that there is a similar histological appearance of ...
Biopsies of the peri‐implant tissue were retrieved from 15 patients (aged 34 to 88 years, six males/nine females) with severe peri‐implantitis (eight ceramic implants, seven titanium implants) (see Table S1 in online Journal of Periodontology). The presence of macrophages, B‐Lymphocytes, T‐Lymphocytes, and plasma cells was identified in all samples. Micrographs illustratin...
2.4 Immunohistochemical analysis
Sections were de‐waxed and incubated in DIVA antigen retrieval solution at 60°C overnight. The sections were incubated with a primary antibody for 30 minutes followed by incubation with Envision HRP labeled polymer for 30 minutes. Positive cells were detected using DAB substrate. The chosen antibodies were CD3 1:200 (T‐l...
The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany (Ethik‐Kommission Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität, Freiburg) No 337/04. This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, as revised in 2013 and with EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) guidelines. Before en...
Oral implants enlarge the treatment options to replace missing teeth and have been proven to be successful as shown in systematic reviews with long‐term follow‐up. Although survival rates appear convincing, peri‐implantitis around dental implants is a challenge in daily practice, with a prevalence around 20%. The prevalence rate of peri‐implantitis is highly variable and seems to be affec...
Background
Aim of the pilot study was the histologic classification of the inflamed peri‐implant soft tissue around ceramic implants (CI) in comparison with titanium implants (TI).
Methods
Peri‐implant tissue were retrieved from 15 patients (aged 34 to 88 years, seven males/eight females) with severe peri‐implantitis (eight CI, seven TI). The peri‐implant soft tissue samples were retrie...