Fig. 2. Figure illustrating the proposed mucosal thickening index. A ≤1 mm, indicating no thickening; B >1 mm but ≤2 mm, indicating minimal thickening; C >2 mm but ≤5 mm, indicating moderate thickening; D >5 mm, indicating severe thickening
Fig. 2. Figure illustrating the proposed mucosal thickening index. A ≤1 mm, indicating no thickening; B >1 mm but ≤2 mm, indicating min...
Fig. 1. Figure illustrating the reference points of the CBCT measurements. A: most posterior point of the sinus wall; B: most anterior point of the sinus wall; C: mid-point between A and B; C1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point C; D: mid-point between A and C; D1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point D; E: mid-point between B...
Gender
Respiratory diseases
Cardio-vascular diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Smoking
Hist...
Patient
Anterior
(E1-floor of the sinus)
Middle
(C1-floor of the sinus)
Posterior
(D1-floor of the sinus)
...
Maska, B., Lin, GH., Othman, A. et al. Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0064-8
Download citation
Received: 18 October 2016
Accepted: 13 January 2017
Published: 18 January 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0064-8
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
Correspondence to
Yvonne Kapila.
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Bartosz Maska, Guo-Hao Lin, Abdullah Othman, Shabnam Behdin, Suncica Travan, Erika Benavides & Yvonne Kapila
Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, 1801 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Guo-Hao Lin
Department of Peri...
The authors thank Ms. Victoria Zakrzewski for her help with the figure generation and preparation.
Co-primary author BM contributed to the CBCT measurement and preparation of the manuscript. Co-primary author G-HL contributed to the data analysis and preparation of the manuscript. Second author AO contributed to the protocol preparation, case review, case selection, and preparation of the manuscr...
Romanos GE, Froum S, Costa-Martins S, Meitner S, Tarnow DP. Implant periapical lesions: etiology and treatment options. J Oral Implantol. 2011;37:53–63.
Acharya A, Hao J, Mattheos N, Chau A, Shirke P, Lang NP. Residual ridge dimensions at edentulous maxillary first molar sites and periodontal bone loss among two ethnic cohorts seeking tooth replacement. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:1386–94...
Pazera P, Bornstein MM, Pazera A, Sendi P, Katsaros C. Incidental maxillary sinus findings in orthodontic patients: a radiographic analysis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Orthod Craniofac Res. 2011;14:17–24.
Ritter L, Lutz J, Neugebauer J, et al. Prevalence of pathologic findings in the maxillary sinus in cone-beam computerized tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol...
Gardner DG. Pseudocysts and retention cysts of the maxillary sinus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58:561–7.
Chiapasco M, Palombo D. Sinus grafting and simultaneous removal of large antral pseudocysts of the maxillary sinus with a micro-invasive intraoral access. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44:1499–505.
Cano J, Campo J, Alobera MA, Baca R. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla. Cl...
Beretta M, Poli PP, Grossi GB, Pieroni S, Maiorana C. Long-term survival rate of implants placed in conjunction with 246 sinus floor elevation procedures: results of a 15-year retrospective study. J Dent. 2015;43:78–86.
Del Fabbro M, Corbella S, Weinstein T, Ceresoli V, Taschieri S. Implant survival rates after osteotome-mediated maxillary sinus augmentation: a systematic review. Clin Implant D...
Cone-beam computed tomographic
Protected Health Information
Sinus floor elevation
Our study found that the largest tissue thickening was present in the middle section of the maxillary sinus. This tissue thickening did not vary based on gender, age, or smoking status, nor did it relate to the underlying alveolar ridge height. However, patients with a history of periodontal diseases demonstrated a significant association with mucosal thickening. A mucosal thickening index was pro...
Although residual alveolar ridge height has been associated with sinus mucosal thickening [36], our study did not find a significant association between these two parameters. Acharya et al. [36] reported that lower available bone height in the subsinus region was related to thickened sinus membranes within an Asian-Indian and Hong Kong-based Chinese population. Differences in the ethnic compositio...
Based on the findings of the current study, a history of periodontal disease is the only identified parameter significantly associated with sinus mucosal thickening. This finding indicates that clinicians should expect some degree of mucosal thickening when performing sinus augmentation procedures in a previously periodontally involved site. This finding is consistent with several previously publi...
CBCT imaging has been recognized as a more sensitive imaging modality for identifying sinus thickening and pathoses in the posterior maxilla compared to panoramic radiography [21, 22]. This could explain why the current study identified a higher prevalence of mucosal thickening compared to earlier studies [23]. However, compared to other similar CBCT studies [21, 24, 25], the prevalence reported i...
Twenty-nine CBCT images (11 females and 18 males) were included in this study. All the implants placed in these included cases survived, representing a 100% implant survival rate. With regards to measurements of mucosal thickening, the intra-examiner reproducibility revealed an exact intra-examiner correlation of 99%, with a p value of 0.40 for a t test for independent samples, indicating a high r...
The sites that were measured are specified in the image below (Fig. 1). The most posterior and anterior aspects of the visible maxillary sinus were measured. The ½ point along with the ¼ and ¾ points were then selected, and the measurements of the mucosal thickening were then completed at these three sites. The thickest portion of the mucosa was also measured if it did not coincide with one of...
The study required access to University of Michigan Protected Health Information (PHI). PHI was necessary in order to track and coordinate the CBCT data and dental and medical history for each subject. Corresponding subject charts and electronic records were reviewed for retrieval of relevant implant placement and restorative history, medical history, and demographic information, including gender ...
Our study hypothesis was that mucosal thickening of more than 2 mm and up to 1/3 of the volume of the sinus would not alter the predictability for SFE and dental implant placement. The primary outcome was to determine the success rate of dental implant placement in augmented maxillary sinus areas with mucosal thickening. A secondary outcome was to evaluate the effect of gender, age, and smoking o...
Despite the high survival rate of dental implants inserted in maxillary sinuses that have undergone sinus floor elevation (SFE) with bone grafting, complications still occur [1–3]. Sinus membrane perforation is reported to be the most common complication [4, 5]. Postoperative maxillary sinusitis is less common (0–22%) [6, 7]; nevertheless, it could potentially compromise the outcome of SFE and...
Although mucosal thickening is the most common radiographic finding observed regarding sinus pathology, the knowledge regarding its clinical significance on the outcomes of dental implants and grafting in the maxillary sinuses is still limited. We hypothesized that mucosal thickening would not alter the predictability for sinus floor augmentation and dental implant placement. The purpose of this r...
Fig. 2. Figure illustrating the proposed mucosal thickening index. A ≤1 mm, indicating no thickening; B >1 mm but ≤2 mm, indicating minimal thickening; C >2 mm but ≤5 mm, indicating moderate thickening; D >5 mm, indicating severe thickening
Fig. 2. Figure illustrating the proposed mucosal thickening index. A ≤1 mm, indicating no thickening; B >1 mm but ≤2 mm, indicating min...
Fig. 1. Figure illustrating the reference points of the CBCT measurements. A: most posterior point of the sinus wall; B: most anterior point of the sinus wall; C: mid-point between A and B; C1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point C; D: mid-point between A and C; D1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point D; E: mid-point between B...
Gender
Respiratory diseases
Cardio-vascular diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Smoking
Hist...
Patient
Anterior
(E1-floor of the sinus)
Middle
(C1-floor of the sinus)
Posterior
(D1-floor of the sinus)
...
Maska, B., Lin, GH., Othman, A. et al. Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening.
Int J Implant Dent 3, 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0064-8
Download citation
Received: 18 October 2016
Accepted: 13 January 2017
Published: 18 January 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0064-8
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...
You can also search for this author in
PubMed Google Scholar
Correspondence to
Yvonne Kapila.
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Bartosz Maska, Guo-Hao Lin, Abdullah Othman, Shabnam Behdin, Suncica Travan, Erika Benavides & Yvonne Kapila
Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, 1801 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Guo-Hao Lin
Department of Peri...
The authors thank Ms. Victoria Zakrzewski for her help with the figure generation and preparation.
Co-primary author BM contributed to the CBCT measurement and preparation of the manuscript. Co-primary author G-HL contributed to the data analysis and preparation of the manuscript. Second author AO contributed to the protocol preparation, case review, case selection, and preparation of the manuscr...
Romanos GE, Froum S, Costa-Martins S, Meitner S, Tarnow DP. Implant periapical lesions: etiology and treatment options. J Oral Implantol. 2011;37:53–63.
Acharya A, Hao J, Mattheos N, Chau A, Shirke P, Lang NP. Residual ridge dimensions at edentulous maxillary first molar sites and periodontal bone loss among two ethnic cohorts seeking tooth replacement. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:1386–94...
Pazera P, Bornstein MM, Pazera A, Sendi P, Katsaros C. Incidental maxillary sinus findings in orthodontic patients: a radiographic analysis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Orthod Craniofac Res. 2011;14:17–24.
Ritter L, Lutz J, Neugebauer J, et al. Prevalence of pathologic findings in the maxillary sinus in cone-beam computerized tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol...
Gardner DG. Pseudocysts and retention cysts of the maxillary sinus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58:561–7.
Chiapasco M, Palombo D. Sinus grafting and simultaneous removal of large antral pseudocysts of the maxillary sinus with a micro-invasive intraoral access. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44:1499–505.
Cano J, Campo J, Alobera MA, Baca R. Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla. Cl...
Beretta M, Poli PP, Grossi GB, Pieroni S, Maiorana C. Long-term survival rate of implants placed in conjunction with 246 sinus floor elevation procedures: results of a 15-year retrospective study. J Dent. 2015;43:78–86.
Del Fabbro M, Corbella S, Weinstein T, Ceresoli V, Taschieri S. Implant survival rates after osteotome-mediated maxillary sinus augmentation: a systematic review. Clin Implant D...
Cone-beam computed tomographic
Protected Health Information
Sinus floor elevation
Our study found that the largest tissue thickening was present in the middle section of the maxillary sinus. This tissue thickening did not vary based on gender, age, or smoking status, nor did it relate to the underlying alveolar ridge height. However, patients with a history of periodontal diseases demonstrated a significant association with mucosal thickening. A mucosal thickening index was pro...
Although residual alveolar ridge height has been associated with sinus mucosal thickening [36], our study did not find a significant association between these two parameters. Acharya et al. [36] reported that lower available bone height in the subsinus region was related to thickened sinus membranes within an Asian-Indian and Hong Kong-based Chinese population. Differences in the ethnic compositio...
Based on the findings of the current study, a history of periodontal disease is the only identified parameter significantly associated with sinus mucosal thickening. This finding indicates that clinicians should expect some degree of mucosal thickening when performing sinus augmentation procedures in a previously periodontally involved site. This finding is consistent with several previously publi...
CBCT imaging has been recognized as a more sensitive imaging modality for identifying sinus thickening and pathoses in the posterior maxilla compared to panoramic radiography [21, 22]. This could explain why the current study identified a higher prevalence of mucosal thickening compared to earlier studies [23]. However, compared to other similar CBCT studies [21, 24, 25], the prevalence reported i...
Twenty-nine CBCT images (11 females and 18 males) were included in this study. All the implants placed in these included cases survived, representing a 100% implant survival rate. With regards to measurements of mucosal thickening, the intra-examiner reproducibility revealed an exact intra-examiner correlation of 99%, with a p value of 0.40 for a t test for independent samples, indicating a high r...
The sites that were measured are specified in the image below (Fig. 1). The most posterior and anterior aspects of the visible maxillary sinus were measured. The ½ point along with the ¼ and ¾ points were then selected, and the measurements of the mucosal thickening were then completed at these three sites. The thickest portion of the mucosa was also measured if it did not coincide with one of...
The study required access to University of Michigan Protected Health Information (PHI). PHI was necessary in order to track and coordinate the CBCT data and dental and medical history for each subject. Corresponding subject charts and electronic records were reviewed for retrieval of relevant implant placement and restorative history, medical history, and demographic information, including gender ...
Our study hypothesis was that mucosal thickening of more than 2 mm and up to 1/3 of the volume of the sinus would not alter the predictability for SFE and dental implant placement. The primary outcome was to determine the success rate of dental implant placement in augmented maxillary sinus areas with mucosal thickening. A secondary outcome was to evaluate the effect of gender, age, and smoking o...
Despite the high survival rate of dental implants inserted in maxillary sinuses that have undergone sinus floor elevation (SFE) with bone grafting, complications still occur [1–3]. Sinus membrane perforation is reported to be the most common complication [4, 5]. Postoperative maxillary sinusitis is less common (0–22%) [6, 7]; nevertheless, it could potentially compromise the outcome of SFE and...
Although mucosal thickening is the most common radiographic finding observed regarding sinus pathology, the knowledge regarding its clinical significance on the outcomes of dental implants and grafting in the maxillary sinuses is still limited. We hypothesized that mucosal thickening would not alter the predictability for sinus floor augmentation and dental implant placement. The purpose of this r...
Fig. 6. Forest plot on differences in implant mean marginal bone loss between MS and RS groups in alle included RCT's
Fig. 6. Forest plot on differences in implant mean marginal bone loss between MS and RS groups in alle included RCT's
Fig. 5. Forest plot on differences in implant survival between MS and RS groups in all included RCT's
Fig. 5. Forest plot on differences in implant survival between MS and RS groups in all included RCT's
Fig. 4. Forest plot on differences in implant mean marginal bone loss between MS and RS groups in all included studies
Fig. 4. Forest plot on differences in implant mean marginal bone loss between MS and RS groups in all included studies
Fig. 3. Forest plot on differences in implant survival between MS and RS groups in all included studies
Fig. 3. Forest plot on differences in implant survival between MS and RS groups in all included studies
Fig. 2. a Presentation of risk of bias evaluation for included RCTs according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. b Presentation of risk of bias evaluation for included non-RCTs according to the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale
Fig. 2. a Presentation of risk of bias evaluation for included RCTs according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. b Presentation of risk of bias evaluation fo...
Fig. 1. Flowchart of the search strategy
Fig. 1. Flowchart of the search strategy
Study (first author and year of publication)
Design
General health
Perio health
Perio status
...
Dank, A., Aartman, I.H.A., Wismeijer, D. et al. Effect of dental implant surface roughness in patients with a history of periodontal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Int J Implant Dent 5, 12 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-019-0156-8
Download citation
Received: 14 August 2018
Accepted: 06 January 2019
Published: 13 February 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/...
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...
Conflict of interest form (PDF 569 kb)
Conflict of interest form (PDF 1224 kb)
Conflict of interest form (PDF 569 kb)
Conflict of interest form (PDF 569 kb)
Not applicable.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Anton Dank, Irene H.A. Aartman, Daniël Wismeijer, and Ali Tahmaseb declare that they have no competing interests (Additional files 1, 2, 3 and 4).
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Section of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Anton Dank, Daniël Wismeijer & Ali Tahmaseb
Department of Social Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Ams...
The authors would like to thank Dr. Elena Nicu for providing missing information about her study.
None.
This paper is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the author gives appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Cr...
Jungner M, Legrell PE, Lundgren S. Follow-up study of implants with turned or oxidized surfaces placed after sinus augmentation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2014;29:1380–7.
Esposito M, Ardebili Y, Worthington HV. Intervention for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;22:CD003815.
Doornewaard R, Christiaens V, De Bruyn H, Jacobsson M, ...
Nemli SK, Güngör MB, Aydin C, Yilmaz H, Türkcan I, Demirköprülü H. Clinical evaluation of submerged and non-submerged implants for posterior single-tooth replacements: a randomized split-mouth clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;43:1484–92.
Sánchez-Siles M, Munoz-Cámara D, Salazar-Sánchez N, Camacho-Alonso F, Calvo-Guirado JL. Crestal bone loss around submerged and non-sub...
Wennström JL, Ekestubbe A, Gröndahl K, Karlsson S, Lindhe J. Oral rehabilitation with implant-supported fixed partial dentures in periodontitis-susceptible subjects. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31:713–24.
Matarasso S, Rasperini G, Siciliano V, Salvi GE, Lang NP, Aglietta M. A 10-year retrospective analysis of radiographic bone-level changes of implants supporting single-unit crowns in periodonta...
Kumar A, Jaffin RA, Berman C. The effect of smoking on achieving osseointegration of surface-modified implants: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2002;17:816–9.
Albouy JP, Abrahamsson I, Persson LG, Berghlundh T. Spontaneous progression of peri-implantitis of different types of implants: an experimental study in dogs. I: clinical and radiographic observations. Clin Oral Implant...
Rosenberg ES, Dent HD, Cho S, Elian N, Jalbout ZN, Froum S. A comparison of characteristics of implant failure and survival in periodontally compromised and periodontally healthy patients: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19:873–9.
Balshe AA, Eckert SE, Koka S, Assad DA, Weaver AL. The effects of smoking on the survival of smooth- and rough-surface dental implants. Int J ...
Quirynen M, Abarca M, Van Assche N, Nevins M, Van Steenberghe D. Impact of supportive periodontal therapy and implant surface roughness on implant outcome in patients with a history of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34:805–15.
Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Oral implant surfaces: part 1–review focusing on topographic and chemical properties of different surfaces and in vivo responses t...
Acid-etched
Anterior
Fixed partial denture
Fully edentulous
Hydroxyl apatite
Hybrid surface
Mandible
Maxilla
Machined surface
No data
Not reported
Non-smoking
Partially edentulous
Periodontally compromised patient
Periodontally healthy patient
Posterior
Prospective
Retrospective
Rough surface
Smoking
Sandblasted acid-etched
Titanium plasma sprayed
Due to lack of long-term data (> 5 years), the heterogeneity and variability in study designs and lack of reporting on confounding factors, definitive conclusions on differences in implant survival, and mean marginal bone loss between machined and moderate rough implants in periodontally compromised patients cannot be drawn. In order to understand whether or not machined surfaces are superior to...
The heterogeneity and the variability in the study designs, together with the fact that most previous studies have not reported on confounding factors, make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. In addition, the broad confidence intervals provide an uncertain outcome. In spite of their relatively higher failure rate, machined implants have possible advantages on the long term, because they ...
Bias is present in the included papers, and this can have a substantial impact on our findings. For example, in the studies by Wennström et al. and Nicu et al., smoking is a confounding factor, since both non-smokers and smokers have been combined [38, 40]. However, Cavalcanti et al. have performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study and have demonstrated almost twice as many implant failure...
The current study reviews the literature on the effect of dental implant surfaces in patients with a history of periodontal disease. The six included papers comprised both retrospective and prospective studies [36,37,38,39,40,41]. The two prospective randomized clinical trials were analyzed separately [38, 40]. As demonstrated by equality of the risk ratios and on account of the limited amount of ...
Figure 3 illustrates a forest plot showing no significant differences in implant survival between MS and RS groups in all included studies [36,37,38,39,40,41]. The implant mean marginal bone loss in the remaining group of six included studies containing 1342 implants ranged from 0.33 to 3.77 mm, with a minimum and maximum of − 0.74 and 5.20 mm, respectively [36,37,38,39,40,41]. The forest ...
There is some variation in the follow-up between the different studies. Two studies had a follow-up of 5 years (Sayardoust et al. and Wennström et al.), two had a follow-up of 10 years (Aglietta et al. and Matarasso et al.), and for two studies, it was 3 years (Nicu et al. and Gallego et al.) [36,37,38,39,40,41]. All included periodontally compromised patients participated in a regular periodo...
The initial electronic database search on PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane library resulted in 2411 titles. Thirteen articles were cited in both databases (duplicates). After screening the abstracts, 45 relevant titles were selected by two independent reviewers and 2353 were excluded for not being related to the topic. Following examination and discussion by the reviewers, 43 articles were selected for...
Two reviewers independently extracted data from the included studies. Disagreements were again resolved through discussion. Corresponding authors were contacted when data were incomplete or unclear. With respect to the listed PICO question, data were sought for (P) periodontally compromised and patients without a history of periodontitis receiving dental implant placement, (I) machined surface den...
This study followed the PRISMA statement guidelines and is registered at PROSPERO under registration code CRD42018093063. A review protocol does not exist.
The listed PICO question is used in the present systematic search strategy. The electronic data resources consulted were PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, including all published clinical studies until May 2018. The results were limited to ...
Several animal studies have suggested that the roughness of the implant surface influences the progression of peri-implantitis and the outcome of peri-implantitis treatment [27,28,29,30,31]. There is some evidence in men showing that machined implants are less prone to peri-implantitis compared with implants with rougher surfaces [32]. Moreover, implants with a rough surface have higher rates of l...
Rough titanium implants are currently the standard treatment in implant dentistry [1]. They are roughly divided into three different types of surface roughness (Sa): machined/minimal (± 0.5 μm), moderate (1.0–2.0 μm), and rough (> 2.0 μm) [2]. Generally, rougher implant surfaces have greater bone-to-implant contact [3]. In a randomized controlled clinical trial, it has been demonstra...
To review the literature on the effect of dental implant surface roughness in patients with a history of periodontal disease. The present review addresses the following focus question: Is there a difference for implant survival, mean marginal bone loss, and the incidence of bleeding on probing in periodontally compromised patients receiving a machined dental implant or rough surface dental implant...
Figure 2. Figure illustrating the proposed mucosal thickening index. A ≤1 mm, indicating no thickening; B >1 mm but ≤2 mm, indicating minimal thickening; C >2 mm but ≤5 mm, indicating moderate thickening; D >5 mm, indicating severe thickening
Table 2 Statistical results after inter-variable adjustment showing the association between recorded parameters and sinus mucosal thickening; p values that showed statistically significant differences are italicized
Gender
Respiratory diseases
Cardio-vascular diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Smoking
History of periodontal diseases
Endodontic treatment
History of orthodontic t...
Table 1 CBCT measurements of sinus mucosal thickening
Patient
Anterior(E1-floor of the sinus)
Middle(C1-floor of the sinus)
Posterior(D1-floor of the sinus)
Thickest(F-floor of the sinus)
1
3.06
0.32
0.76
4.59
2
0.34
0.21
0.20
0.34
3
0.39
0.54
1.38
1.66
4
4.15
3.79
0.61
6.36
5
5.64
1.33
3.73
8.42
6
7.34
0.77
0.86
7.66
7
1.9...
Figure 1. Figure illustrating the reference points of the CBCT measurements. A: most posterior point of the sinus wall; B: most anterior point of the sinus wall; C: mid-point between A and B; C1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point C; D: mid-point between A and C; D1: measurement of mucosal thickening perpendicular to A–B line at point D...
Shahbazian M, Vandewoude C, Wyatt J, Jacobs R. Comparative assessment of panoramic radiography and CBCT imaging for radiodiagnostics in the posterior maxilla. Clin Oral Investig. 2014;18:293–300.
Logan GM, Brocklebank LM. An audit of occipitomental radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1999;28:158–61.
Pazera P, Bornstein MM, Pazera A, Sendi P, Katsaros C. Incidental maxillary sinus findings...
Shanbhag S, Karnik P, Shirke P, Shanbhag V. Cone-beam computed tomographic analysis of sinus membrane thickness, ostium patency, and residual ridge heights in the posterior maxilla: implications for sinus floor elevation. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:755–60.
Gardner DG. Pseudocysts and retention cysts of the maxillary sinus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984;58:561–7.
Chiapasco M, Pa...
References
Beretta M, Poli PP, Grossi GB, Pieroni S, Maiorana C. Long-term survival rate of implants placed in conjunction with 246 sinus floor elevation procedures: results of a 15-year retrospective study. J Dent. 2015;43:78–86.
Del Fabbro M, Corbella S, Weinstein T, Ceresoli V, Taschieri S. Implant survival rates after osteotome-mediated maxillary sinus augmentation: a systematic revi...
This study presents new data on maxillary sinus mucosal thickening derived from a carefully defined data set; however, there were some limitations in the study. One limitation was the limited sample size. However, as discussed, our stringent case selection criteria yielded a more uniform data set for analyses. Other limitations were related to the actual measurements of the maxillary sinus. ...
Our study did not find a significant association between endodontically treated teeth and mucosal thickening. Though this finding is consistent with some previously published studies, other studies did report an association. These discrepant findings could be the result of different inclusion criteria in the study design. Since our study did not include any patients with radiographic signs o...
The current study demonstrated that sinus mucosal thickening does not correlate with implant survival. This result is consistent with a previously published report by Jungner et al. In their study, the presence of sinus thickening was not significantly associated with implant failure. Similarly, our study found a 100% implant survival rate for both patients with and without sinus mucosal thi...
Discussion
CBCT imaging has been recognized as a more sensitive imaging modality for identifying sinus thickening and pathoses in the posterior maxilla compared to panoramic radiography. This could explain why the current study identified a higher prevalence of mucosal thickening compared to earlier studies. However, compared to other similar CBCT studies, the prevalence reporte...
Results
Twenty-nine CBCT images (11 females and 18 males) were included in this study. All the implants placed in these included cases survived, representing a 100% implant survival rate. With regards to measurements of mucosal thickening, the intra-examiner reproducibility revealed an exact intra-examiner correlation of 99%, with a p value of 0.40 for a t test for independen...
In order to standardize the measurements for each sinus, each scan was carefully oriented in the axial, coronal, and sagittal plane. In the axial plane, a horizontal line from the right and left zygoma was chosen as the standard. Orienting the hard palate horizontally was the standard in the coronal plane as well as in the sagittal plane. The specific teeth that were to be replaced by implants wer...
Given these specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and the specific purpose of this study, only 29 cases qualified for inclusion from an original screen of approximately 4000 cases. An initial search of our database resulted in a larger number of cases that would theoretically qualify; however, further investigation revealed the need to exclude a great number of cases. The reasons for exclusion...
Methods
Study design
Our study hypothesis was that mucosal thickening of more than 2 mm and up to 1/3 of the volume of the sinus would not alter the predictability for SFE and dental implant placement. The primary outcome was to determine the success rate of dental implant placement in augmented maxillary sinus areas with mucosal thickening. A secondary outcome was to evaluate the effect of g...
Background
Despite the high survival rate of dental implants inserted in maxillary sinuses that have undergone sinus floor elevation (SFE) with bone grafting, complications still occur. Sinus membrane perforation is reported to be the most common complication. Postoperative maxillary sinusitis is less common (0–22%); nevertheless, it could potentially compromise the outcome of...
Dental implants and grafting success remain high despite large variations in maxillary sinus mucosal thickening
Abstract
Background
Although mucosal thickening is the most common radiographic finding observed regarding sinus pathology, the knowledge regarding its clinical significance on the outcomes of dental implants and grafting in the maxillary sinuses is still limited. We hypothesized th...
DISCUSSION
The WHO consistently reports on the severity of health issues caused by smoking, and emphasizes the importance of quitting. The worsening oral health of cigarette users, represented by increases in various diseases, is especially concerning. The American Academy of Periodontology has stated that smoking is one of the risk factors that may affect treatment and therapeutic outcomes for p...
Non‐use
Electronic cigarette
Conventional cigarette
Ex‐use
Adjusted OR
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Male
Self‐reported oral health status
High
1.00
3.84
(1.15–12.75)
1.47
(0.80–2.73)
0.83
(0.48–1.44)
Middle
1.00
1.95
(0.88–4.35)
2.04
(1.42–2.92)
1.22
(0.87–1.70)
Low
1.00
2.49
(1....
Male
Female
Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease
Variables
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Adjusted OR
95% CI
Cigarette usage
Electronic cigarette
2.34
(1.52–3.59)
2.27
(0.89–5.80)
Conventional cigarette
2.17
(1.76–2.68)
1.73
(1.32–2.27)
Ex‐use
1.28
(1.05–1.56)
1.00
(0.74–1.34)
Non‐use
1.00
1.00
Age (years)...
Male (n = 5,715)
Female (n = 7,836)
Periodontal disease
Periodontal disease
Total (N = 13,551)
Yes
No
Yes
No
Variables
n
(%)
P value
n
(%)
n
(%)
P value
n
(%)
n
(%)
P value
Cigarette usage
RESULTS
Table 1 presents the general characteristics of the study population. Included is the presence or absence of periodontal disease according to sex. Among the participants (5,715 men and 7,836 women), 2,206 men (38.6%) and 2,054 women (26.2%) exhibited periodontal disease. The relationship between vaping or smoking each cigarette and periodontal disease was statistically significant. Add...
MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Participants
Data for this study was taken from a sample of the 2013–2015 KNHANES, an investigation into the health of the public, the status of chronic diseases, and the status of food/nutrition. The survey was conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). KNHANES includes secondary data which are processed to be anonymous.
The total nu...
The World Health Organization (WHO) cites tobacco‐related death and illness as drivers of poverty, as they force individuals to bear high medical expenses. Furthermore, tobacco contains over 7000 toxic chemicals including several known to be human carcinogens. Given this, tobacco smoking is associated with numerous preventable chronic diseases. In addition to the well‐known tobacco‐related l...
Associations of electronic and conventional cigarette use with periodontal disease in South Korean adults
Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to examine the association of conventional cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping with periodontal disease in South Korean adults.
Methods
For this study, data from 13,551 participants, a subset deriv...
Wedharan
Terlepas dari keterbatasan penelitian ini, penelitian kami juga punya kelebihan. KNHANES dilakukan oleh lembaga nasional dan didasarkan pada sampel cluster acak. Ini membuat data jadi lebih dapat diandalkan secara statistik dan representatif jika dibandingkan dengan survei yang dilakukan oleh lembaga swasta. Lebih lanjut, KNHANES menggabungkan wawancara kesarasan dengan pemeriksaan fis...
Wedharan
Untuk variabel terkait gigi, orang-orang yang melaporkan vaping rokok elektronik atau merokok rokok konvensional menunjukkan risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk penyakit periodontal daripada non-pemakai. Menariknya, ada sedikit perbedaan dalam karies gigi, sakit gigi, dan kerusakan gigi antara kedua kelompok ini. Ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap vaping rokok elektronik atau setiap merokok rokok...
Wedharan
Organisasi Kesarasan Buana, WHO, secara konsisten melaporkan tingkat keparahan perkara kesarasan yang dikarenakan merokok, dan menekankan pentingnya berhenti dari merokok. Memburuknya kesarasan otak pengguna rokok, yang disulihi dengan peningkatan berbagai penyakit, sangat memprihatinkan. American Academy of Periodontology telah menyatakan bahwa merokok adalah salah satu faktor risiko ...
Tidak pakai
Rokok elektronik
Rokok konvensional
Mantan pemakai
ORadj
ORadj
95% CI
ORadj
95% CI
ORadj
95% CI
Pria
Status kesarasan oral swa-lapor
Tinggi
1.00
3.84
(1.15–12.75)
1.47
(0.80–2.73)
0.83
(0.48–1.44)
Sedang
1.00
1.95
(0.88–4.35)
2.04
(1.42–2.92)
1.22
(0.87–1.70)
Rendah
1.00
2.49
(1.40–4.42)
2.56
(1.9...
Pria
Wanita
Penyakit periodontal
Penyakit periodontal
Variabel
ORadj
95% CI
ORadj
95% CI
Pemakaian rokok
Elektronik
2.34
(1.52–3.59)
2.27
(0.89–5.80)
Konvensional
2.17
(1.76–2.68)
1.73
(1.32–2.27)
Mantan pemakai
1.28
(1.05–1.56)
1.00
(0.74–1.34)
Bukan pemakai
1.00
1.00
Usia (tahun)
19–29
0...
Pria (n = 5,715)
Wanita (n = 7,836)
Penyakit periodontal
Penyakit periodontal
Total (N = 13,551)
Yes
No
Yes
No
Variabel
n
(%)
P nilai
n
(%)
n
(%)
P nilai
n
(%)
n
(%)
P nilai
Penggunaan rokok
Weton
Tabel 1 menyajikan karakteristik menyeluruh populasi penelitian. Termasuk ada atau tidak adanya penyakit periodontal menurut macam kelamin. Di antara peserta (5.715 pria dan 7.836 wanita), 2.206 pria (38.6%) dan 2.054 wanita (26.2%) menunjukkan penyakit periodontal. Hubungan antara vaping rokok elektronik atau merokok rokok konvensional dan penyakit periodontal secara statistik signifikan. ...
Penyakit periodontal adalah variabel dependen utama dalam penelitian ini. Status periodontal dibagi menjadi 0 hingga 4 poin, menggunakan CPI, yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO (World Health Organisation, Organisasi Kesarasan Buana). Skor CPI 0 menyulihi jaringan periodontal yang saras, skor 1 berarti jaringan periodontal perdarahan, skor 2 berarti jaringan periodontal dengan plak, skor 3 berarti jari...
Organisasi Kesarasan Buana (WHO) mengutip bahwa kelayuan (mortalitas) dan penyakit terkait tembakau merupakan pendorong kemlaratan, karena keduanya memaksa orang dan keluarganya menanggung biaya pengobatan yang tinggi. Bukan hanya itu, tembakau mengandung lebih dari 7000 bahan kimia beracun termasuk beberapa bahan kimia yang dikenal sebagai karsinogen bagi manusia. Mengingat ini, merokok tembakau ...
2.1 Peserta
Sebagai sumber data, para peneliti mengambil data untuk penelitian dari sampel 2013–2015 KNHANES, yaitu suatu investigasi atau penyelidikan tentang kesarasan kawula, status penyakit-penyakit kronis, dan status pangan/ nutrisi. Survey tersebut dilakukan oleh KCDC, KNHANES meliputi data sekunder yang diproses secara anonim.
Jumlah total peserta KNHANES 2013–2015 adalah 29.321 orang...
Penyakit periodontal adalah kondisi peradangan kronis yang ditandai dengan kerusakan jaringan periodontal, yang marakke hilangnya pelekatan jaringan ikat, kehilangan tulang alveolar, dan pembentukan kantong patologis di sekitar gigi yang sakit. Menurut Survei Pemeriksaan Kesarasan dan Nutrisi Nasional Korea (KNHANES) 2013–2015, 31,5% orang menderita penyakit periodontal (51.8% pria; 48.2% wanita...
Hubungan penggunaan rokok elektronik dan rokok konvensional dengan penyakit periodontal pada konsumen dewasa di Korea Selatan
Abstrak
Latar belakang
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memeriksa asosiasi merokok konvensional dan merokok elektronik (vaping) dengan penyakit periodontal pada orang dewasa Korea Selatan.
Metode
Data penelitian ini diambil dari 13.551 peserta. Subset yan...
Menurut Zuhr et al., pengenalan graft jaringan ikat (CTG) dan peningkatan peralihan dari FGG ke CTG memunculkan transisi dari operasi mukogingiva biasa ke bedah plastik periodontal. Sementara pendekatan mukogingiva biasa ditujukan terutama untuk meningkatkan KTW, tujuan utama dari periodontik modern harus mencakup keluaran estetika pamungkas. Terdapat bukti ekstensif bahwa CTG adalah teknik piliha...
Periodontist sering dianggap sebagai dokter bedah plastik kedokteran gigi. Bila Anda berupaya memperbaiki tampilan senyum Anda, periodontist bisa membantu Anda.
Senyum gusi atau garis gusi tidak rata
Senyum gusi adalah senyum yang menunjukkan garis gusi terlalu banyak, sehingga kondisi ini disebut pula sebagai tampilan gusi yang berlebihan. Meskipun kaprahnya senyum gusi terjadi secara yamak, be...
Oleh: Takeshi Kikuchi, Makio Mogi, Iichiro Okabe, Kosuke Okada, Hisashi Goto, Yasuyuki Sasaki, Takeki Fujimura, Mitsuo Fukuda and Akio Mitani
Abstrak: Penyakit periodontal dikarenakan biofilm plak gigi, dan pembersihan biofilm dari permukaan akar gigi ini memainkan peran utama dalam pengobatannya. Pengobatan penyakit periodontal secara konvensional gagal menghilangkan infeksi periodontal dalam ...
Sel stroma yang berasal dari sumsum tulang dan sel induk ligamen periodontal dipakai sebagai sumber sel untuk regenerasi periodontal. Karena periodontium berasal dari folikel gigi, maka sel induk folikel gigi bisa jadi sumber sel alternatif untuk terapi regenerasi periodontal. Penelitian lebih lanjut tentang prakara ini perlu dilakukan.
Pada mulanya, Honda et al (2010) berupaya menghasilkan gigi ...
Periodontium adalah jaringan yang topografinya kompleks dan yang terdiri dari jaringan ikat lunak, jaringan ikat termineralisasi, dan epitelium. Penelitian Honda et al. (2010) mengusulkan bahwa ada empat faktor penting untuk mencapai regenerasi periodontal yang sukses.
Segel epitel fungsional harus ada untuk mencegah migrasi sel-sel epitel ke dalam kerusakan periodontal.
Sementum aselular ya...
Abses periodontal adalah kumpulan nanah yang berada dalam gusi. Kumpulan nanah ini tersusun atas serpihan jaringan yang dihasilkan dari infeksi bakteri pada gusi dan / atau jaringan akar dan tulang penopangnya.
Abses periodontal berbeda dari abses periapikal dalam prakara sumber infeksi. Sumber infeksi abses periodontal adalah gusi dan jaringan pendukungnya, sedangkan sumber infeksi abses peria...
Penyakit periodontal atau penyakit gusi dikarnakan oleh bakteri yang ada dalam plak.Menyikat gigi dan berkumur menghilangkan plak. Tapi, setelah pengaruh sikat gigi dan obat kumur habis, bakteri yang tersisa membentuk lagi plak. Dalam rangka untuk mengatasi bakteri-bakteri itu, sel-sel dalam sistem kekebalan tubuh Anda melepaskan zat yang bisa menyebabkan inflamasi dan merusak gusi, ligamen period...
Gen/ faktor keturunanAda beberapa orang yang lebih cenderung untuk lebih mudah terkena penyakit periodontal dibandingkan orang lain. Penyebabnya, mereka mewarisi gen yang membuat mereka rentan terhadap penyakit periodontal. Tidak banyak orang yang punya gen ini, tapi ada. Gen tidak membuat seseorang pasti mengalami penyakit periodontal hanya membuatnya lebih mudah terkena penyakit periodontal. Ti...
Banyak orang menganggap lumrah ketika melihat gusinya berdarah pada kala menyikat gigi atau flossing gigi. Padahal, gusi berdarah kala Anda mgelakukan aktivitas ini sebetulnya tanda bahwa gusi Anda sedang mengalami masalah. Gusi yang saras dan normal tidak berdarah ketika terkena bulu sikat gigi biasa.Sinonim"Penyakit gusi" itu bahasa sehari-hari, sedangkan "penyakit periodontal" itu bahasa dokter...