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Fig. 8. EDS 5 min : Achieving surface chemical an...

Fig. 8. EDS 5 min Fig. 8. EDS 5 min

Fig. 7. EDS 3 min : Achieving surface chemical an...

Fig. 7. EDS 3 min Fig. 7. EDS 3 min

Fig. 6. EDS 1 min : Achieving surface chemical an...

Fig. 6. EDS 1 min Fig. 6. EDS 1 min

Fig. 5. EDS control : Achieving surface chemical a...

Fig. 5. EDS control Fig. 5. EDS control

Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min : Achieving surface chemi...

Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min Fig. 4. Group 4—5 min

Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min : Achieving surface chemi...

Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min Fig. 3. Group 3—3 min

Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min : Achieving surface chemi...

Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min Fig. 2. Group 2—1 min

Fig. 1. Group control : Achieving surface chemical...

Fig. 1. Group control Fig. 1. Group control

Table 9 Chemical analysis of surface (group 4 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 15.07 26.19 ...

Table 8 Chemical analysis of surface (group 4 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 10.43 23.42 ...

Table 7 Chemical analysis of surface (group 3 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 4.12 15.29 ...

Table 6 Chemical analysis of surface (group 3 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 4.79 18.86 ...

Table 5 Chemical analysis of surface (group 2 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 8.54 31.34 ...

Table 4 Chemical analysis of surface (group 2 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 4.47 19.93 ...

Table 3 Chemical analysis of surface (group 1 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 8.02 38.2 ...

Table 2 Chemical analysis of surface (group 1 spec...

Element Weight % Atoms % Carbon 8.22 37.21 ...

Table 1 Distribution of groups : Achieving surface...

Groups Plasma electrolytic oxidation—time (min) Voltage (V) Current (A) 1 – –   2 1 ΔU = 160 to 200 V ≅0.18 3 3 ΔU = 160 to 280 V ≅0.19 4 5 ΔU = 160 to 300 V ≅0.18   Table 1 Distribution of groups

About this article : Achieving surface chemical an...

Goularte, M.A.P.C., Barbosa, G.F., da Cruz, N.C. et al. Achieving surface chemical and morphologic alterations on tantalum by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Int J Implant Dent 2, 12 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2 Download citation Received: 18 November 2015 Accepted: 12 April 2016 Published: 16 April 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0046-2

Rights and permissions : Achieving surface chemica...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Additional information : Achieving surface chemica...

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. MAPCG contributed to the concept/design, data collection, data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. GFB carried out the data analysis/interpretation, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article, and approval of the article. NCC contributed to the dat...

Author information : Achieving surface chemical an...

Department of Prosthodontics, Implantology Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Prédio 06, Partenon, CEP: 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Marcelo Augusto Pinto Cardoso Goularte Clinical Department, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Torres (ULBRA-TORRES), Rua Universitária, 1900, Parque do Balonismo, CEP 95560-000, Torres, RS, Brazil Gustavo Frain...

References : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

Yerokhin AL, Nie X, Leyland A, Matthews A, Dowey SJ. Plasma electrolysis for surface engineering. Surf Coat Technol. 1999;122(2-3):73–93. doi:10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00441-7. Hosoki M, Nishigawa K, Miyamoto Y, Ohe G, Matsuka Y. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by titanium screws and dental implants. J Prosthodont Res. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.12.004. [Epub ahead of print]. Goutam M, Giri...

References : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

Gittens RA, Olivares-Navarrete R, Cheng A, Anderson DM, McLachlan T, Stephan I, et al. The roles of titanium surface micro/nanotopography and wettability on the differential response of human osteoblast lineage cells. Acta Biomater. 2013;9(4):6268–77. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.002. Epub 2012 Dec 8. Bauer S, Schmuki P, von der Mark K, et al. Engineering biocompatible implant surfaces part I: ...

Discussion and conclusions : Achieving surface che...

Thus, this study has examined the possibility of activating an alteration surface in tantalum using the anodizing process, which is effective in other metals like titanium. From our findings, it was possible to develop time exposure protocols in order to obtain conductive surface alterations similar to those already available from some of the largest manufacturers of oral implants. Scanning electr...

Discussion and conclusions : Achieving surface che...

The search for new biomaterials and biocompatible metals has always been a common objective of human rehabilitation research centers. In implant dentistry, titanium has successfully established itself as the material of choice for dental implants. However, several studies have reported cases of metal allergy caused by titanium-containing materials [15–17] and some immune dysfunctions in certain ...

Results : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

Tables 2 and 3 show similar rates among the chemical elements present on the non-treated tantalum surface—group 1 (Fig. 5). In Tables 4 and 5 (group 2), calcium (Ca) is included. The rates for the other chemical elements are similar to the rates in group 1 (Fig. 6). In Tables 6 and 7, group 3 sample shows the basic chemicals present in previous groups and similar rates (Fig. 7). Two chemic...

Results : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

The analysis of the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the changes on the surface of tantalum strips according to different exposure times. In Fig. 1, we can observe Ta surface with grooves resulting from the machining of the metal with no surface treatment. As the magnitude increases, the image shows the lines pattern with its peculiar characteristics from the manufacturin...

Methods : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

Within a 50-mL tank, the electrolytic solution as described above received a voltage variation of 160 V initial tension at zero time and a final tension at the preset end-time for each group of samples. There was a gradual increase in voltage due to the maintenance of a fairly constant current at around 0.15 to 0.25 A. The electrolytic solution was periodically changed to prevent solution satura...

Methods : Achieving surface chemical and morpholog...

We used 60 strip-shaped samples of tantalum with the following dimensions: 7 mm wide, 11 mm long, and 0.01 mm thick (Kurt J. Lesker Company—USA, 99.95 % purity). The samples were washed in distilled water and placed in an ultrasonic tank containing acetone (Ultra Sonic-1440 Plus—Odontobrás, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil) to remove residues. Then, they were divided into four groups: in group ...

Background : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

In this way and following the successful results already obtained with Titanium, this study aimed to develop an oxidized surface layer on Tantalum samples and, subsequently, analyze the samples’ topography and levels of salt deposition using an electronic microscope.

Background : Achieving surface chemical and morpho...

The use of materials that come into direct contact with human tissues such as the bone requires maximum biological security. These materials remain for a long period of time or even indefinitely in the human body, and no negative reactions, like toxicity or carcinogenic effects, shall be acceptable. For this reason, biocompatibility of new materials has been widely studied, and only after a lot o...

Abstract : Achieving surface chemical and morpholo...

Search for materials that may either replace titanium dental implants or constitute an alternative as a new dental implant material has been widely studied. As well, the search for optimum biocompatible metal surfaces remains crucial. So, the aim of this work is to develop an oxidized surface layer on tantalum using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) similar to those existing on oral implants bee...

Fig. 11. Energy dispersive spectrum of control Cp ...

Fig. 11. Energy dispersive spectrum of control Cp titanium specimen Fig. 11. Energy dispersive spectrum of control Cp titanium specimen

Fig. 10. Energy dispersive spectrum of Cp titanium...

Fig. 10. Energy dispersive spectrum of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn Fig. 10. Energy dispersive spectrum of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn

Fig. 9. Scanning electron microphotograph of contr...

Fig. 9. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×20,000 Fig. 9. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×20,000

Fig. 8. Scanning electron microphotograph of contr...

Fig. 8. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×10,000 Fig. 8. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×10,000

Fig. 7. Scanning electron microphotograph of contr...

Fig. 7. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp Titanium specimen at X 5,000 Fig. 7. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp Titanium specimen at X 5,000

Fig. 6. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp ti...

Fig. 6. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at ×20,000 Fig. 6. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at ×20,000

Fig. 5. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp Ti...

Fig. 5. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp Titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at X10,000 Fig. 5. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp Titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at X10,000

Fig. 4. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp ti...

Fig. 4. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with nano HA- Zn at ×5000 Fig. 4. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with nano HA- Zn at ×5000

Fig. 3. IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from c...

Fig. 3. IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from coated titanium specimen Fig. 3. IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from coated titanium specimen

Fig. 2. IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4 H2O powder prepa...

Fig. 2. IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4 H2O powder prepared from a natural source (CB) Fig. 2. IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4 H2O powder prepared from a natural source (CB)

Fig. 1. Graphical presentation of the electrochemi...

Fig. 1. Graphical presentation of the electrochemical-deposition coating process’ equipment Fig. 1. Graphical presentation of the electrochemical-deposition coating process’ equipment

Table 1 The Student t test of the control and coat...

  Number of specimens Mean ± (SD) Standard error mean F value P value Control 7...

About this article : Electro-chemical deposition o...

El-Wassefy, N.A., Reicha, F.M. & Aref, N.S. Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydroxyapatite-zinc coating on titanium metal substrate. Int J Implant Dent 3, 39 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0095-1 Download citation Received: 20 March 2017 Accepted: 28 July 2017 Published: 13 August 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0095-1

Rights and permissions : Electro-chemical depositi...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Electro-chemical deposition ...

El-Wassefy N, Aref N, and Reicha F declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : Electro-chemical deposition o...

Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt N. A. El-Wassefy & N. S. Aref Physics Department, Faculty of science, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt F. M. Reicha You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in ...

Acknowledgements : Electro-chemical deposition of ...

The authors would like to express their gratitude for Dr. Sherif Kishk, Professor of Communication and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, for his help in photographing and analyzing the coating for adhesion test.

References : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Kuo MC, Yen SK. The process of electrochemical deposited hydroxyapatite coatings on biomedical titanium at room temperature. Mater Sci Eng C. 2002;20:153–60. Suchanek W, Yoshimura M. Processing and properties of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials for use as hard tissue replacement implants. J Mater Res. 1998;13:94–117. Kohli S, Batra U, Kapoor S. Influence of zinc substitution on physicochemi...

References : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Hosea HJ, Taylor CG, Wood T, Mollard R, Weiler HA. Zinc-deficient rats have more limited bone recovery during repletion than diet-restricted rats. Exp Biol Med. 2004;299:303–11. Tsai M-T, Chang Y-Y, Huang H-L, Hsu J-T, Chen Y-C, Wu AY-J. Characterization and antibacterial performance of bioactive Ti–Zn–O coatings deposited on titanium implants. Thin Solid Films. 2013;528:143–50. Hu H, Zh...

References : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Brunette DM, Tengvall P, Textor M TP, Textor M, Thomsen P. Titanium in medicine: material science, surface science, engineering, biological responses and medical applications. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012. p.13–24. Heydenrijk K, Meijer HJA, van der Reijden WA, Vissink A, Raghoebar GM, Stegenga B. Microbiota around root-formed endosseous implants. A review of the literature. October. ...

Conclusions : Electro-chemical deposition of nano ...

The electro-chemical method can be employed for HA-Zn coating deposition on titanium metal, where Ca source was a recycled cuttlebone fish to precipitate HA phases. Using a Zn anode on a low-sustained voltage was able to induce an even coat thickness of HA-Zn precipitation and increase the surface roughness significantly.

Discussion : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Yang et al. prepared a Zn-HA coating on Ti plates by an electrochemical process, and the SEM examination showed irregularly shaped rod-like crystals with hexagonal cross-section; this corresponded well with the current study results. They also concluded that a Zn-HA coating improves proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and would enhance implant osseointegration [11]. Ceramic coatings ...

Discussion : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Metallic orthopedic prosthesis is most commonly used due to its good mechanical properties, but its failure mostly occurs due to the lack of proper bone bonding and/or the occurrence of post-operative infections. Hydroxyapatite is commonly used as a bone filler biomaterial or as a coat for titanium prosthesis due to its decent biocompatibility, osseoconductivity, and bioactivity [26]. However, as ...

Results : Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydr...

Following the examination of X cut areas after the adhesive tape removal; the adhesion was rated to be 5A, as no peeling or coat removal occurred along the incisions' length or at their intersection.

Results : Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydr...

Figure 2 shows the FT-IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O with weak sharp absorption peak bands at 742, 821, and 1048 cm−1, a strong broad absorption band at 1354 cm-1, and a strong shoulder absorption band at 1455 cm−1. A wide broad absorption band peak appears at 3442 cm−1 due to the presence of water. Figure 3 shows the FT-IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from CpTi specimens; the band a...

Methods : Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydr...

The coating was scrapped from Ti specimen's surface and investigated for its chemical structure using FT-IR spectroscopy. The powder was investigated by double-beam dispersive IR spectrometer (Nicolet iS10, Thermo Electron Corporation, UK) which utilized the selected range of 400 to 4000 wave numbers (cm−1) at 4 cm−1 resolution and averaging of 100 scans. Two milligrams of scrapped powder was...

Methods : Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydr...

Commercially pure Ti (CpTi) grade II specimens were cut down into plates with dimensions 10 × 10 × 2 mm and used as substrates (cathode material) for depositing HA and Zn. CpTi specimens were polished with successive grades of silicon carbide papers, ultra-sonicated in acetone (99.5%, EM Science), rinsed in distilled water, and then air dried at room temperature, before they were used f...

Background : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

The aim of the present work was to develop well-adhered and uniform hydroxyapatite-zinc coatings on titanium metal substrate, through an in vitro electro-chemical deposition method. The coating was characterized for functional chemical group, surface morphology, surface chemical analysis, surface roughness, and coat adhesive bonding by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning elec...

Background : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Titanium metal is one of the most widely used biomedical orthopedic materials because of its decent mechanical properties [1]. However, as an inert material, it cannot induce osteogenesis and has no antibacterial properties [2]. In order to improve surface bioactivity of titanium substrates, numerous methods have been proposed to cover it with bio-ceramic coatings [1]. Various clinical studies ...

Abstract : Electro-chemical deposition of nano hyd...

Titanium is an inert metal that does not induce osteogenesis and has no antibacterial properties; it is proposed that hydroxyapatite coating can enhance its bioactivity, while zinc can contribute to antibacterial properties and improve osseointegration. A nano-sized hydroxyapatite-zinc coating was deposited on commercially pure titanium using an electro-chemical process, in order to increase its ...

Fig. 11. Energy dispersive spectrum of control Cp ...

Fig. 11. Energy dispersive spectrum of control Cp titanium specimen Fig. 11. Energy dispersive spectrum of control Cp titanium specimen

Fig. 10. Energy dispersive spectrum of Cp titanium...

Fig. 10. Energy dispersive spectrum of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn Fig. 10. Energy dispersive spectrum of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn

Fig. 9. Scanning electron microphotograph of contr...

Fig. 9. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×20,000 Fig. 9. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×20,000

Fig. 8. Scanning electron microphotograph of contr...

Fig. 8. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×10,000 Fig. 8. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp titanium specimen at ×10,000

Fig. 7. Scanning electron microphotograph of contr...

Fig. 7. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp Titanium specimen at X 5,000 Fig. 7. Scanning electron microphotograph of control Cp Titanium specimen at X 5,000

Fig. 6. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp ti...

Fig. 6. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at ×20,000 Fig. 6. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at ×20,000

Fig. 5. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp Ti...

Fig. 5. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp Titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at X10,000 Fig. 5. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp Titanium specimen coated with HA-Zn at X10,000

Fig. 4. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp ti...

Fig. 4. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with nano HA- Zn at ×5000 Fig. 4. Scanning electron microphotograph of Cp titanium specimen coated with nano HA- Zn at ×5000

Fig. 3. IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from c...

Fig. 3. IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from coated titanium specimen Fig. 3. IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from coated titanium specimen

Fig. 2. IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4 H2O powder prepa...

Fig. 2. IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4 H2O powder prepared from a natural source (CB) Fig. 2. IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4 H2O powder prepared from a natural source (CB)

Fig. 1. Graphical presentation of the electrochemi...

Fig. 1. Graphical presentation of the electrochemical-deposition coating process’ equipment Fig. 1. Graphical presentation of the electrochemical-deposition coating process’ equipment

Table 1 The Student t test of the control and coat...

  Number of specimens Mean ± (SD) Standard error mean F value P value Control 7...

About this article : Electro-chemical deposition o...

El-Wassefy, N.A., Reicha, F.M. & Aref, N.S. Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydroxyapatite-zinc coating on titanium metal substrate. Int J Implant Dent 3, 39 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0095-1 Download citation Received: 20 March 2017 Accepted: 28 July 2017 Published: 13 August 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0095-1

Rights and permissions : Electro-chemical depositi...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Electro-chemical deposition ...

El-Wassefy N, Aref N, and Reicha F declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : Electro-chemical deposition o...

Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt N. A. El-Wassefy & N. S. Aref Physics Department, Faculty of science, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt F. M. Reicha You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in ...

Acknowledgements : Electro-chemical deposition of ...

The authors would like to express their gratitude for Dr. Sherif Kishk, Professor of Communication and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, for his help in photographing and analyzing the coating for adhesion test.

References : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Kuo MC, Yen SK. The process of electrochemical deposited hydroxyapatite coatings on biomedical titanium at room temperature. Mater Sci Eng C. 2002;20:153–60. Suchanek W, Yoshimura M. Processing and properties of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials for use as hard tissue replacement implants. J Mater Res. 1998;13:94–117. Kohli S, Batra U, Kapoor S. Influence of zinc substitution on physicochemi...

References : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Hosea HJ, Taylor CG, Wood T, Mollard R, Weiler HA. Zinc-deficient rats have more limited bone recovery during repletion than diet-restricted rats. Exp Biol Med. 2004;299:303–11. Tsai M-T, Chang Y-Y, Huang H-L, Hsu J-T, Chen Y-C, Wu AY-J. Characterization and antibacterial performance of bioactive Ti–Zn–O coatings deposited on titanium implants. Thin Solid Films. 2013;528:143–50. Hu H, Zh...

References : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Brunette DM, Tengvall P, Textor M TP, Textor M, Thomsen P. Titanium in medicine: material science, surface science, engineering, biological responses and medical applications. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012. p.13–24. Heydenrijk K, Meijer HJA, van der Reijden WA, Vissink A, Raghoebar GM, Stegenga B. Microbiota around root-formed endosseous implants. A review of the literature. October. ...

Conclusions : Electro-chemical deposition of nano ...

The electro-chemical method can be employed for HA-Zn coating deposition on titanium metal, where Ca source was a recycled cuttlebone fish to precipitate HA phases. Using a Zn anode on a low-sustained voltage was able to induce an even coat thickness of HA-Zn precipitation and increase the surface roughness significantly.

Discussion : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Yang et al. prepared a Zn-HA coating on Ti plates by an electrochemical process, and the SEM examination showed irregularly shaped rod-like crystals with hexagonal cross-section; this corresponded well with the current study results. They also concluded that a Zn-HA coating improves proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and would enhance implant osseointegration [11]. Ceramic coatings ...

Discussion : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Metallic orthopedic prosthesis is most commonly used due to its good mechanical properties, but its failure mostly occurs due to the lack of proper bone bonding and/or the occurrence of post-operative infections. Hydroxyapatite is commonly used as a bone filler biomaterial or as a coat for titanium prosthesis due to its decent biocompatibility, osseoconductivity, and bioactivity [26]. However, as ...

Results : Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydr...

Following the examination of X cut areas after the adhesive tape removal; the adhesion was rated to be 5A, as no peeling or coat removal occurred along the incisions' length or at their intersection.

Results : Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydr...

Figure 2 shows the FT-IR spectra of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O with weak sharp absorption peak bands at 742, 821, and 1048 cm−1, a strong broad absorption band at 1354 cm-1, and a strong shoulder absorption band at 1455 cm−1. A wide broad absorption band peak appears at 3442 cm−1 due to the presence of water. Figure 3 shows the FT-IR spectra of HA-Zn powder scrapped from CpTi specimens; the band a...

Methods : Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydr...

The coating was scrapped from Ti specimen's surface and investigated for its chemical structure using FT-IR spectroscopy. The powder was investigated by double-beam dispersive IR spectrometer (Nicolet iS10, Thermo Electron Corporation, UK) which utilized the selected range of 400 to 4000 wave numbers (cm−1) at 4 cm−1 resolution and averaging of 100 scans. Two milligrams of scrapped powder was...

Methods : Electro-chemical deposition of nano hydr...

Commercially pure Ti (CpTi) grade II specimens were cut down into plates with dimensions 10 × 10 × 2 mm and used as substrates (cathode material) for depositing HA and Zn. CpTi specimens were polished with successive grades of silicon carbide papers, ultra-sonicated in acetone (99.5%, EM Science), rinsed in distilled water, and then air dried at room temperature, before they were used f...

Background : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

The aim of the present work was to develop well-adhered and uniform hydroxyapatite-zinc coatings on titanium metal substrate, through an in vitro electro-chemical deposition method. The coating was characterized for functional chemical group, surface morphology, surface chemical analysis, surface roughness, and coat adhesive bonding by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning elec...

Background : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

The aim of the present work was to develop well-adhered and uniform hydroxyapatite-zinc coatings on titanium metal substrate, through an in vitro electro-chemical deposition method. The coating was characterized for functional chemical group, surface morphology, surface chemical analysis, surface roughness, and coat adhesive bonding by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning elec...

Background : Electro-chemical deposition of nano h...

Titanium metal is one of the most widely used biomedical orthopedic materials because of its decent mechanical properties [1]. However, as an inert material, it cannot induce osteogenesis and has no antibacterial properties [2]. In order to improve surface bioactivity of titanium substrates, numerous methods have been proposed to cover it with bio-ceramic coatings [1]. Various clinical studies ...

Abstract : Electro-chemical deposition of nano hyd...

Titanium is an inert metal that does not induce osteogenesis and has no antibacterial properties; it is proposed that hydroxyapatite coating can enhance its bioactivity, while zinc can contribute to antibacterial properties and improve osseointegration. A nano-sized hydroxyapatite-zinc coating was deposited on commercially pure titanium using an electro-chemical process, in order to increase its ...

Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7...

Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant at the time of its placement at the mandibular left second premolar in a 63-year-old Caucasian female. b Radiographic image of a three-unit fixed partial denture upon its initial placement. The dental implant is the anterior abutment with the prosthesis screw retained to it. The distal abutment is the mandibular left sec...

Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment i...

Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment installation on a 5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant used to help support a removable partial denture for a 71-year-old Caucasian male. b Radiograph of the area taken at 82 months demonstrates good bone stability. c Clinical image of the area 82 months later. Soft tissue remains healthy. The two teeth anterior are in the process of receivin...

Table 5 Resonance frequency analysis : A 1–7 ye...

Time ISQ n Implant insertion 73.6 ± 8.1 86 1–4 weeks ...

Table 4 Implant survival, life table analysis : A ...

Interval Implants Failed Not followed CSR (%) Insertion to 1 year ...

Table 3 Specification of failed implants (three im...

Sex Age Smoker Risk factors Position Implant diameter ...

Table 2 Implant and site-related specifications : ...

  Number Percent Jaw Maxilla 60 69.8 Mandible ...

Table 1 Patient demographics : A 1–7 year retro...

  Number Percent Age (years) 20–29 1 1.3 30–39 ...

About this article : A 1–7 year retrospective f...

Rosen, P.S., Sahlin, H., Seemann, R. et al. A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants with an electrowetted surface. Int J Implant Dent 4, 24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136-4 Download citation Received: 08 January 2018 Accepted: 21 May 2018 Published: 23 August 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136...

Rights and permissions : A 1–7 year retrospecti...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : A 1–7 year retrospective ...

The study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data collection was performed in such a manner that subjects could not be identified, and therefore, it was exempt from IRB review according to Federal Regulation 45 CFR 46.101(b). All participants consented to publish their information details through the clinic’s standard patient consent procedure. Also, all images appear...

Author information : A 1–7 year retrospective f...

Clinical Professor of Periodontics, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA Paul S. Rosen Private Practice limited to Periodontics and Dental Implants, 907 Floral Vale Boulevard, Yardley, PA, 19067, USA Paul S. Rosen Neoss Ltd, Gothenburg, Sweden Herman Sahlin University Clinic of Craniofacial, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vienna, Aust...

Availability of data and materials : A 1–7 year...

Due to the ethical and legal responsibility to respect participants’ rights to privacy and to protect their identity, the clinical dataset is not made publicly available.

References : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Srinivasan M, Vazquez L, Rieder P, Moraguez O, Bernard JP, Belser UC. Survival rates of short (6 mm) micro-rough surface implants: a review of literature and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(5):539–45. Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Diabetes and oral implant failure: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2014;93(9):859–67. Giro G, Chambrone L, Goldstein A, Rodrigues JA,...

References : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Jemt T, Olsson M, Franke SV. Incidence of first implant failure: a retroprospective study of 27 years of implant operations at one specialist clinic. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17(Suppl 2):e501–10. Pommer B, Frantal S, Willer J, Posch M, Watzek G, Tepper G. Impact of dental implant length on early failure rates: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(9):856...

Abbreviations : A 1–7 year retrospective follow...

Cumulative survival rate Implant stability quotient Insertion torque Odds ratio Resonance frequency analysis Relative risk

Conclusion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

The current retrospective consecutive case series study provides preliminary data that treatment with 7-mm-length short implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface is a reasonable approach in sites with limited vertical bone dimension. It adds to the body of evidence supporting short implant use for compromised sites. The success seen might be attributed to the larger implant diameters that ...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Thirty-six percent of the implants in the study were placed in extraction sockets. Provided that sufficient initial implant stability is achieved, there should be no additional risk factors compared to implants in healed sites. Studies have shown no difference in marginal bone remodeling between immediately placed and delayed implants [15]. The biggest limitation of the current study is its very ...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

A wide distribution in implant insertion torque (10–50 Ncm) was seen in the study. This reflects the variety of clinical situations in which the implants were placed. Assessments were made by using both the RFA value and the insertion torque as to first whether an implant should have been left to heal in the first place and if so, how this would be best accomplished, i.e., through its submergen...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

This retrospective study is the first to look at short dental implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface. The survival data suggest that this treatment is a viable option to care. In a systematic review that identified 13 studies on implants shorter than 10 mm, the CSR from the individual studies ranged from 80 to 100% with a combined CSR of 98.3% after 5 years, 94.8% after 6 years, and ...

Results : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

The chart review identified 86 placed implants in 75 patients. Table 1 summarizes the patient demographics of the 75 patients. Patients ranged in age from 29 to 88 years with a mean of 61.0 ± 12.5 years. Twenty-seven of the patients were males and 48 were females. Table 2 summarizes the implant and site-related information of the 86 placed implants. Mean insertion torque was 30.1 ± 7...

Methods : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

Baseline parameters, both patient- and implant-related, as well as follow-up parameters (implant survival, follow-up time, and resonance frequency analysis) were collected from a review of the patient records. The main study parameters (principal outcome parameters) were defined to be implant loss and follow-up time. The cumulative survival rate was estimated. The influence of several factors on ...

Methods : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

A retrospective study on short 7 mm hydrophilic implants from a single center was conducted in a private practice limited to periodontics and surgical dental implant placements from one of the authors, PSR (Yardley, Pennsylvania, USA). An exhaustive chart review identified 75 patients for analysis that were treated with 86 short (7 mm) implants during a 5-year period (September 1, 2009, to Novem...

Background : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

The aim of this retrospective consecutive case series study was to investigate implant survival rate and analyze possible factors affecting the survival of short implants placed in one surgical practice focused on implantology and periodontology in a temporal cohort.

Background : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

In the past decades, the osseointegration rate of dental implants has dramatically increased, particularly in sites of softer dental bone, which may be attributed to the introduction of moderately roughened surfaces [1, 2]. Moreover, because of this increase in success, clinicians have attempted to push the envelope and place implants into sites that may provide a greater challenge as they wish to...

Abstract : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up o...

This retrospective consecutive case series study was performed to determinate the survival rate and implant stability of short (7 mm length) dental implants with an electrowetted hydrophilic surface that were in function from 1 to 7 years. A retrospective chart review identified and evaluated 86 consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants (ProActive, Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, England) in 75 pat...

Fig. 7. Scatter plots representing correlations be...

Fig. 7. Scatter plots representing correlations between measured and calculated platelet counts in P-PRP and L-PRP preparations. Note: a strong correlation was observed only in P-PRP. N = 32 and 50 for P-PRP and L-PRP, respectively Fig. 7. Scatter plots representing correlations between measured and calculated platelet counts in P-PRP and L-PRP preparations. Note: a strong correlation was ...

Fig. 6. Scatter plots representing possible correl...

Fig. 6. Scatter plots representing possible correlations between platelet (PLT) and WBC counts and between platelet and RBC counts in P-PRP and L-PRP preparations. Note: strong positive correlations were observed between platelets and RBC in both PRP types. N = 32 and 50 for P-PRP and L-PRP, respectively Fig. 6. Scatter plots representing possible correlations between platelet (PLT) and WB...

Fig. 5. Counts of platelets (PLT), WBCs, and RBCs ...

Fig. 5. Counts of platelets (PLT), WBCs, and RBCs in P-PRP and L-PRP preparations prepared for validation testing. N = 32 and 50 for P-PRP and L-PRP, respectively Fig. 5. Counts of platelets (PLT), WBCs, and RBCs in P-PRP and L-PRP preparations prepared for validation testing. N = 32 and 50 for P-PRP and L-PRP, respectively

Fig. 4. Calibration curves of measured platelet co...

Fig. 4. Calibration curves of measured platelet counts versus absorbance in P-PRP and L-PRP preparations. The samples were serially diluted by PPP, and the platelet counts were determined using an AHA and SPM. N = 14 for each type of PRP Fig. 4. Calibration curves of measured platelet counts versus absorbance in P-PRP and L-PRP preparations. The samples were serially diluted by PPP, and th...

Fig. 3. Counts of platelets (PLT), WBCs, and RBCs ...

Fig. 3. Counts of platelets (PLT), WBCs, and RBCs in P-PRP and L-PRP preparations prepared for calibration curves. N = 14 for each type of PRP Fig. 3. Counts of platelets (PLT), WBCs, and RBCs in P-PRP and L-PRP preparations prepared for calibration curves. N = 14 for each type of PRP

Fig. 2. The appearance of blood sampled after grav...

Fig. 2. The appearance of blood sampled after gravity fractionation and the resulting P-PRP and L-PRP. In the first low-speed spin, samples were centrifuged for 10 min at 533×g. For P-PRP preparation, the upper plasma fraction, which was 2 mm beyond the interface between plasma and RBC fractions, was transferred into sample tubes for the second high-speed spin (2656×g, 5 min). In contrast, ...

Fig. 1. A compact SPM with its remote controller i...

Fig. 1. A compact SPM with its remote controller installed on an iPad Air. iPhones and other Android devices can be used instead of the iPad Air Fig. 1. A compact SPM with its remote controller installed on an iPad Air. iPhones and other Android devices can be used instead of the iPad Air

About this article : Spectrophotometric determinat...

Kitamura, Y., Suzuki, M., Tsukioka, T. et al. Spectrophotometric determination of platelet counts in platelet-rich plasma. Int J Implant Dent 4, 29 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0140-8 Download citation Received: 13 April 2018 Accepted: 29 June 2018 Published: 02 October 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0140-8

Rights and permissions : Spectrophotometric determ...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : Spectrophotometric determina...

The study design and consent forms of all the procedures performed were approved by the ethics committee for human participants of the Niigata University School of Medicine (Niigata, Japan) in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 as revised in 2013. Written informed consents to participate in the study were obtained from all the participants. Written informed consents for the publicat...

Author information : Spectrophotometric determinat...

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar YK, MS, TyTo, and TK conceived and designed the study, performed the experiments and data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. KI, TaTn, ...

Author information : Spectrophotometric determinat...

Tokyo Plastic Dental Society, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan Yutaka Kitamura, Masashi Suzuki, Tsuneyuki Tsukioka, Kazushige Isobe, Tetsuhiro Tsujino, Taisuke Watanabe, Takao Watanabe & Hajime Okudera Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan Koh Nakata Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan Tak...

Availability of data and materials : Spectrophotom...

Because an article performed and prepared in parallel is now submitted elsewhere for publication, the authors do not wish to share their data at present time.

References : Spectrophotometric determination of p...

Xu Z, Yin W, Zhang Y, Qi X, Chen Y, Xie X, Zhang C. Comparative evaluation of leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma and pure platelet-rich plasma for cartilage regeneration. Sci Rep. 2017;7:43301. Yin W, Qi X, Zhang Y, Sheng J, Xu Z, Tao S, Xie X, Li X, Zhang C. Advantages of pure platelet-rich plasma compared with leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma in promoting repair of bone defects. J Transl Me...

References : Spectrophotometric determination of p...

Guder WG, da Fonseca-Wollheim F, Heil W, Schmitt YM, Töpfer G, Wisser H, Zawta B. The Haemolytic, Icteric and Lipemic Sample Recommendations Regarding their Recognition and Prevention of Clinically Relevant Interferences. Recommendations of the Working Group on Preanalytical Variables of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry and the German Society for Laboratory Medicine. LaboratoriumsMedizin...

References : Spectrophotometric determination of p...

Hazan R, Que YA, Maura D, Rahme LG. A method for high throughput determination of viable bacteria cell counts in 96-well plates. BMC Microbiol. 2012;12:259. Lee VS, Tarassenko L. An optical method for the determination of platelet count in platelet samples contaminated with red blood cells. J Biochem Biophys Methods. 1992;24:215–23. Davis VL, Abukabda AB, Radio NM, Witt-Enderby PA, Clafshenkel...

References : Spectrophotometric determination of p...

Marx RE, Carlson ER, Eichstaedt RM, Schimmele SR, Strauss JE, Georgeff KR. Platelet-rich plasma: Growth factor enhancement for bone grafts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;85:638–46. Etulain J. Platelets in wound healing and regenerative medicine. Platelets. 2018:1–13. Hou X, Yuan J, Aisaiti A, Liu Y, Zhao J. The effect of platelet-rich plasma on clinical outcomes of t...

Abbreviations : Spectrophotometric determination o...

Acid-citrate-dextrose solution Automated hematology analyzer Leukocyte-rich PRP Prostaglandin E1 Platelet-poor plasma Platelet-rich fibrin Platelet-rich plasma Pure-PRP Red blood cell Standard deviation Spectrophotometer Leukocyte

Conclusions : Spectrophotometric determination of ...

In normal blood samples composed of light yellow plasma, spectrophotometric determination of platelet counts would be useful for quality assurance of individual PRP preparations. For accurate determination, however, operators should handle samples with care to minimize the inclusion of WBCs and RBCs in PRP preparations.

Discussion : Spectrophotometric determination of p...

Consistent with the clinical significance of platelet counting, several studies have reported that the platelet concentration is the most reliable criterion for the regenerative ability of PRP [27, 28] because platelets increase the number of anabolic signaling molecules. Conversely, as WBCs increase the number of catabolic signaling molecules, the quality of PRP can, perhaps, be considerably alte...

Discussion : Spectrophotometric determination of p...

Another limitation is the color of plasma. In terms of color, blood samples obtained from the donors participating in this study were light yellow and could be evaluated as “normal.” However, we have sometimes encountered colored plasma samples in clinical practice. For example, when blood triglyceride levels are high, the plasma turns milky white or turbid [22,23,24]. Hemolytic plasma looks r...

Discussion : Spectrophotometric determination of p...

Since determination of bacterial cell number is a fundamental procedure in the field of microbiology, several methods have been developed and widely employed depending on the purpose of cell counting. SPM is one of the common methods used to estimate bacterial load [12]. The advantage of SPM is speed and convenience without additional preparation steps. On the other hand, the limitations are the i...

Results : Spectrophotometric determination of plat...

For validation of these calibration curves, P-PRP and L-PRP preparations prepared by three independent operators were employed. Blood cell counts are shown in Fig. 5. As observed in the calibration curves for the samples, significant differences were found in WBC and RBC counts, but not in platelet counts, between the P-PRP and L-PRP preparations. Correlations between platelet counts and WBC or R...

Results : Spectrophotometric determination of plat...

The appearance of the blood-collection tube after the first low-speed spin and representative P-PRP and L-PRP preparations after the second high-speed spin and subsequent re-suspension are shown in Fig. 2. Although low-speed spinning did not result in the formation of a clear buffy coat in the interface between the plasma and RBC fractions, the buffy coat corresponding to the plasma was not inclu...

Methods : Spectrophotometric determination of plat...

Using the data obtained with both the AHA and SPM, scattered plots were created to examine correlations and obtain formulas to calculate platelet counts. P-PRP and L-PRP preparations were independently prepared from the 11 donors by three well-trained operators. Platelet counts were first determined using the AHA and aliquots of the PRP preparations were measured using the SPM. Platelet counts we...

Methods : Spectrophotometric determination of plat...

Blood samples were collected from 11 non-smoking healthy male volunteers aged 33 to 69 years. The study design and consent forms for all the procedures were approved by the ethics committee for human participants at the Niigata University School of Medicine (Niigata, Japan) in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 as revised in 2013. Peripheral blood (~ 9 mL) was collected into pla...

Background : Spectrophotometric determination of p...

In this study, we focused on the possibility of spectrophotometric determination and validated the applicability of the proposed method on platelet counts in PRP preparations. This idea was based on bacterial cell counting [12] and a similar challenge was reported in 1992 [13]. However, this optical method has not been further modified for PRP as a grafting material for regenerative therapy in acc...

Background : Spectrophotometric determination of p...

Almost two decades have passed since platelet concentrates, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), were first introduced to the field of regenerative medicine by Marx et al. [1]. To date, PRP has been modified to create different variations and has increasingly been used in various fields of regenerative therapy around the world. However, negative data obtained from clinical applications of PRP have ...

Abstract : Spectrophotometric determination of pla...

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in regenerative dentistry and other medical fields. However, its effectiveness has often been questioned. For better evaluation, the quality of individual PRP preparations should be assured prior to use. We proposed a spectrophotometric method for determination of platelet counts and validated its applicability using two types of PRP preparations. Blood s...

Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7...

Fig. 2. a Radiographic image of a 3.5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant at the time of its placement at the mandibular left second premolar in a 63-year-old Caucasian female. b Radiographic image of a three-unit fixed partial denture upon its initial placement. The dental implant is the anterior abutment with the prosthesis screw retained to it. The distal abutment is the mandibular left sec...

Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment i...

Fig. 1. a Initial radiograph exposed at abutment installation on a 5-mm-wide by 7-mm-length dental implant used to help support a removable partial denture for a 71-year-old Caucasian male. b Radiograph of the area taken at 82 months demonstrates good bone stability. c Clinical image of the area 82 months later. Soft tissue remains healthy. The two teeth anterior are in the process of receivin...

Table 5 Resonance frequency analysis : A 1–7 ye...

Time ISQ n Implant insertion 73.6 ± 8.1 86 1–4 weeks ...

Table 4 Implant survival, life table analysis : A ...

Interval Implants Failed Not followed CSR (%) Insertion to 1 year ...

Table 3 Specification of failed implants (three im...

Sex Age Smoker Risk factors Position Implant diameter ...

Table 2 Implant and site-related specifications : ...

  Number Percent Jaw Maxilla 60 69.8 Mandible ...

Table 1 Patient demographics : A 1–7 year retro...

  Number Percent Age (years) 20–29 1 1.3 30–39 ...

About this article : A 1–7 year retrospective f...

Rosen, P.S., Sahlin, H., Seemann, R. et al. A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants with an electrowetted surface. Int J Implant Dent 4, 24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136-4 Download citation Received: 08 January 2018 Accepted: 21 May 2018 Published: 23 August 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0136...

Rights and permissions : A 1–7 year retrospecti...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : A 1–7 year retrospective ...

The study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data collection was performed in such a manner that subjects could not be identified, and therefore, it was exempt from IRB review according to Federal Regulation 45 CFR 46.101(b). All participants consented to publish their information details through the clinic’s standard patient consent procedure. Also, all images appear...

Author information : A 1–7 year retrospective f...

Clinical Professor of Periodontics, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA Paul S. Rosen Private Practice limited to Periodontics and Dental Implants, 907 Floral Vale Boulevard, Yardley, PA, 19067, USA Paul S. Rosen Neoss Ltd, Gothenburg, Sweden Herman Sahlin University Clinic of Craniofacial, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Vienna, Aust...

Availability of data and materials : A 1–7 year...

Due to the ethical and legal responsibility to respect participants’ rights to privacy and to protect their identity, the clinical dataset is not made publicly available.

References : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Srinivasan M, Vazquez L, Rieder P, Moraguez O, Bernard JP, Belser UC. Survival rates of short (6 mm) micro-rough surface implants: a review of literature and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(5):539–45. Chrcanovic BR, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Diabetes and oral implant failure: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2014;93(9):859–67. Giro G, Chambrone L, Goldstein A, Rodrigues JA,...

References : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Jemt T, Olsson M, Franke SV. Incidence of first implant failure: a retroprospective study of 27 years of implant operations at one specialist clinic. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17(Suppl 2):e501–10. Pommer B, Frantal S, Willer J, Posch M, Watzek G, Tepper G. Impact of dental implant length on early failure rates: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(9):856...

Abbreviations : A 1–7 year retrospective follow...

Cumulative survival rate Implant stability quotient Insertion torque Odds ratio Resonance frequency analysis Relative risk

Conclusion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

The current retrospective consecutive case series study provides preliminary data that treatment with 7-mm-length short implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface is a reasonable approach in sites with limited vertical bone dimension. It adds to the body of evidence supporting short implant use for compromised sites. The success seen might be attributed to the larger implant diameters that ...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

Thirty-six percent of the implants in the study were placed in extraction sockets. Provided that sufficient initial implant stability is achieved, there should be no additional risk factors compared to implants in healed sites. Studies have shown no difference in marginal bone remodeling between immediately placed and delayed implants [15]. The biggest limitation of the current study is its very ...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

A wide distribution in implant insertion torque (10–50 Ncm) was seen in the study. This reflects the variety of clinical situations in which the implants were placed. Assessments were made by using both the RFA value and the insertion torque as to first whether an implant should have been left to heal in the first place and if so, how this would be best accomplished, i.e., through its submergen...

Discussion : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

This retrospective study is the first to look at short dental implants with a hydrophilic electrowetted surface. The survival data suggest that this treatment is a viable option to care. In a systematic review that identified 13 studies on implants shorter than 10 mm, the CSR from the individual studies ranged from 80 to 100% with a combined CSR of 98.3% after 5 years, 94.8% after 6 years, and ...

Results : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

The chart review identified 86 placed implants in 75 patients. Table 1 summarizes the patient demographics of the 75 patients. Patients ranged in age from 29 to 88 years with a mean of 61.0 ± 12.5 years. Twenty-seven of the patients were males and 48 were females. Table 2 summarizes the implant and site-related information of the 86 placed implants. Mean insertion torque was 30.1 ± 7...

Methods : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

Baseline parameters, both patient- and implant-related, as well as follow-up parameters (implant survival, follow-up time, and resonance frequency analysis) were collected from a review of the patient records. The main study parameters (principal outcome parameters) were defined to be implant loss and follow-up time. The cumulative survival rate was estimated. The influence of several factors on ...

Methods : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up on...

A retrospective study on short 7 mm hydrophilic implants from a single center was conducted in a private practice limited to periodontics and surgical dental implant placements from one of the authors, PSR (Yardley, Pennsylvania, USA). An exhaustive chart review identified 75 patients for analysis that were treated with 86 short (7 mm) implants during a 5-year period (September 1, 2009, to Novem...

Background : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

The aim of this retrospective consecutive case series study was to investigate implant survival rate and analyze possible factors affecting the survival of short implants placed in one surgical practice focused on implantology and periodontology in a temporal cohort.

Background : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up...

In the past decades, the osseointegration rate of dental implants has dramatically increased, particularly in sites of softer dental bone, which may be attributed to the introduction of moderately roughened surfaces [1, 2]. Moreover, because of this increase in success, clinicians have attempted to push the envelope and place implants into sites that may provide a greater challenge as they wish to...

Abstract : A 1–7 year retrospective follow-up o...

This retrospective consecutive case series study was performed to determinate the survival rate and implant stability of short (7 mm length) dental implants with an electrowetted hydrophilic surface that were in function from 1 to 7 years. A retrospective chart review identified and evaluated 86 consecutively placed 7-mm-long dental implants (ProActive, Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, England) in 75 pat...

Fig. 8. PPD on natural teeth. No significant diffe...

Fig. 8. PPD on natural teeth. No significant differences appreciable Fig. 8. PPD on natural teeth. No significant differences appreciable

Fig. 7. PPD on dental implants. No significant dif...

Fig. 7. PPD on dental implants. No significant differences appreciable Fig. 7. PPD on dental implants. No significant differences appreciable

Fig. 6. BoP on natural teeth. While the control gr...

between 1 month and 3 months, the test group values decrease during all the duration of the study Fig. 6. BoP on natural teeth. While the control group shows a mild increase between 1 month and 3 months, the test group values decrease during all the duration of the study

Fig. 5. BoP on dental implants. It can be observed...

Fig. 5. BoP on dental implants. It can be observed how the values keep decreasing after 1 month only in the test group Fig. 5. BoP on dental implants. It can be observed how the values keep decreasing after 1 month only in the test group

Fig. 4. PI on natural teeth. After 1 month, the t...

Fig. 4. PI on natural teeth. After 1 month, the test group showed mild reduction while control a light improvement Fig. 4. PI on natural teeth. After 1 month, the test group showed mild reduction while control a light improvement

Fig. 3. PI on dental implants. Test values keep re...

Fig. 3. PI on dental implants. Test values keep reducing after 1 month while control maintains the same level Fig. 3. PI on dental implants. Test values keep reducing after 1 month while control maintains the same level

Fig. 2. Patients’ population flow chart : Effect...

Fig. 2. Patients’ population flow chart Fig. 2. Patients’ population flow chart

Fig. 1. Electric toothbrush heads: on the left is ...

Fig. 1. Electric toothbrush heads: on the left is the one designed for natural teeth, and on the right is the one designed for dental implants Fig. 1. Electric toothbrush heads: on the left is the one designed for natural teeth, and on the right is the one designed for dental implants

Table 1 BoP, PI, and PPD mean values at baseline, ...

  Baseline 1 month 3 months T0 T1 T2 BoP implants, t...

About this article : Effectiveness and compliance ...

Allocca, G., Pudylyk, D., Signorino, F. et al. Effectiveness and compliance of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in patients with dental implants: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Implant Dent 4, 38 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0150-6 Download citation Received: 12 April 2018 Accepted: 24 October 2018 Published: 10 December 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11...

Rights and permissions : Effectiveness and complia...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : Effectiveness and compliance...

Not applicable This study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the approval of the ethics committee required for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Fondazione Ca’ Granda. The procedures to be performed were explained in detail, and the patients signed the consent form. Not applica...

Author information : Effectiveness and compliance ...

Center for Edentulism and Jaw Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via Commenda 10, 20122, Milan, Italy Giuseppe Allocca, Diana Pudylyk, Fabrizio Signorino & Carlo Maiorana Oral Surgery, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Un...

Acknowledgements : Effectiveness and compliance of...

Not applicable The authors declare no funds for the research. Mean data of PI, BoP, and PPD collected from 80 periodontal charts are shown in Table 1.

References : Effectiveness and compliance of an os...

Download references

References : Effectiveness and compliance of an os...

Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Dimension of the periimplant mucosa. Biological width revisited. J Clin Periodontol. 1996;23(10):971–3 PubMed PMID: 8915028. Berglundh T, Lindhe J, Ericsson I, Marinello CP, Liljenberg B, Thomsen P. The soft tissue barrier at implants and teeth. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1991;2(2):81–90 PubMed PMID: 1809403. Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Welander M, Lang NP, Lindhe J. Morp...

References : Effectiveness and compliance of an os...

Quirynen M, De Soete M, van Steenberghe D. Infectious risks for oral implants: a review of the literature. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002;13(1):1–19 PubMed PMID: 12005139. Roos-Jansåker AM, Renvert S, Egelberg J. Treatment of peri-implant infections: a literature review. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30(6):467–85 PubMed PMID: 12795785. Ho HP, Niederman R. Effectiveness of the Sonicare sonic toothb...

References : Effectiveness and compliance of an os...

Pjetursson BE, Lang NP. Prosthetic treatment planning on the basis of scientific evidence. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35(Suppl 1):72–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01824.x PubMed PMID: 18181936. Jung RE, Pjetursson BE, Glauser R, Zembic A, Zwahlen M, Lang NP. A systematic review of the 5-year survival and complication rates of implant-supported single crowns. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008...

Abbreviations : Effectiveness and compliance of an...

Bleeding on probing Plaque index Pocket probing depth

Conclusion : Effectiveness and compliance of an os...

The oscillating-rotating toothbrush can be used for the plaque and bleeding control around both natural teeth and dental implants. It has also been shown how the toothbrush head designed for dental implant can be effective in plaque removing of the peri-implant tissues.

Discussion : Effectiveness and compliance of an os...

At the end of the present study, electric toothbrush groups showed plaque and bleeding values lower (PI and BoP on teeth) or at least without significative differences (BoP on implants) than the control group. These data may suggest how the use of electric toothbrush, associated to the dedicate heads, can be an effective method for plaque and bleeding reduction.

Discussion : Effectiveness and compliance of an os...

This 3-month study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of an electric toothbrush in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation around dental implants and natural teeth. To better understand the different data collected around two different anatomical structures, we decided to collect data separately. Analyzing our results, it is possible to observe how the mean values for probing, bleeding, and plaqu...

Results : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscil...

The difference between the BoP recorded on dental implant sites at baseline and the end of the study showed statistical significance for both the test and control groups (P 

Results : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscil...

Seventy-eight patients successfully completed the study (45 women and 33 men aged from 31 to 76 years old) (Fig. 2). Two patients of test group did not show up both at the first and second controls. No patients were excluded or showed complications or adverse reaction. Results are shown in Table 1. The average number of implants per patients was 4.8 ± 3.4 in the control group and 4.4 ±...

Methods : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscil...

Mean scores of all clinical indices for each subject were calculated separately for dental implants and natural teeth. The final data analysis was performed for those subjects who completed the study. The Student’s t test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate whether any statistically significant differences were present between the two groups at each time point, and the Wilcoxon sig...

Methods : Effectiveness and compliance of an oscil...

The study was conducted between September 2015 and June 2017 at Implantology Department of Policlinic Hospital, University of Milan, Milan. It was designed as a monocentric randomized clinical study according to the STROBE criteria. Eighty patients who underwent dental implant rehabilitation were selected for this study. At the screening visit, subjects were asked to read and sign a written inform...

Background : Effectiveness and compliance of an os...

Dental implants became one of the most accepted treatments for the rehabilitation of partial or complete edentulism [1]. However, inflammatory processes may still occur due to the presence of the implant itself [2]. It is well known that peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis are strictly related to the presence of plaque on the surface of the implant-prosthetic complex, which lead respectively to th...

Abstract : Effectiveness and compliance of an osci...

The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush in reducing plaque and inflammation around dental implants. Eighty patients presenting dental implants were enrolled in this study and assigned randomly to two different groups: 40 patients in the test group and 40 in the control one. Each patient in the test group received an oscillating-ro...

Figure 3. Representative SEM images of healing abu...

Figure 3. Representative SEM images of healing abutments after electrolysis of different charges and currents for 10 V and 5 min (all images × 1000 magnification)   Figure 3. Representative SEM images of healing abutments after electrolysis of different charges and currents for 10 V and 5 min (all images × 1000 magnification)

Figure 2. Microscopical images of the healing abut...

Figure 2. Microscopical images of the healing abutments after the electrochemical treatments under different currents at constant 10 V with different electrodes. The healing abutments were stained with phloxine B after electrolysis. Images from side (a, c, e, g, i, k) and from top (b, d, f, h, j, l). a, b 1 A group I. c, d 1.5 A group I. e, f 1 A group II. g, h 1.5 A group II. i, j 1 A...

Figure 1. The amount of residual contamination

Figure 1. The amount of residual contamination after electrochemical treatments under different charges and currents at constant 10 V. Mean ± SD (n = 5). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005 Figure 1. The amount of residual contamination after electrochemical treatments under different charges and currents at constant 10 V. Mean ± SD (n = 5). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005

Table 3 Composition (%wt) of the surface of the he...

Table 3. Composition (%wt) of the surface of the healing abutment analyzed with EDS. Mean of 5 samples was presented Groups Charges and currents Titanium Carbon Others I + 0.5 A 24.77 75.23 - − 0.5 A 35.13 64.87 - + 1 A 62.82 37.18 - − 1 A 84.10 15.90 - + 1.5 A 63.86 36.14 - − 1.5 A 81.71 18.29 - II ...

Table 2 Qualitative analysis of surfaces after ele...

  Mean roughness score of 4 SEM images per electrolysis of different charges and currents Mean all examiners P value compared to Control Ex 1 Ex 2 Ex 3 Control 2.00 ± 0.00 2.00 ± 0.00 2.00 ± 0.00 2.00 ± 0.00 - − 1 A, group I 4.00 ± 0.00 3.00 ± 0.00 3.25 ± 0.50 3.42 ± 0.17 * − 1.5 A, group I 4.00 ± 0.00 3.75 ± 0.50 4.00 ± 0.00 ...

Table 1 pH after electrolysis.

Table 1 pH after electrolysis. pH was measured after electrolysis for 5 min under different charges and current at constant 10 V. pH of original electrolyte, 7.5% NaHCO3, before electrolysis was 7.8 Charges and currents Group I Group II Group III −, 0.5 A 7.91 7.92 7.94 +, 0.5 A 7.02 7.03 7.02 −, 1 A 7.94 8.02 8.01 +, 1 A 6.6 6.2 7.72 ...

Discussion : cleaning methods on contaminated heal...

Although EDS analysis was performed in three areas on each sample, the atomic percentage of carbon on the contaminated area was higher than that on the clean area and the atomic percentage of titanium was lower on the contaminated areas than on the clean area except cathodic potential 1 A and 1.5 A in group III. The possible sources of carbon conta...

Discussion : cleaning methods on contaminated heal...

According to the previous studies, complete killing of bacteria was seen at anode with low current. However, in this study, complete removal of contaminant was seen in electrolysis after cathodic potential 1 A and 1.5 A in group III. This complete removing action can be attributed to the alkaline environment generated at cathodic potential. Moreover, decrease in electro...

Discussion : cleaning methods on contaminated heal...

However, copper deposition was formed on the sample after electrolysis of anodic potential in group II. It is believed that anodic current was preferentially supplied by the electrolysis of water, which occurred on the surface of the sample because deposition attained electroconductivity. Thus, it was confirmed that copper could be incorporated into the titanium surface sample, t...

Discussion : cleaning methods on contaminated heal...

Previous studies also pointed out that low direct current can kill oral bacteria forming in biofilm. Although charging the implant surface with current can kill the bacteria, organic residues still remain adhering on the surface. Infected implants present carbon-based contaminants and considerable changes in titanium surfaces composition even after sterilization. This could be the reas...

CLONE-Discussion : cleaning methods on contaminate...

Therefore, in this study, phloxine B staining was used to detect residual contamination on the surface of the healing abutments. Previous studies also pointed out that low direct current can kill oral bacteria forming in biofilm. Although charging the implant surface with current can kill the bacteria, organic residues still remain adhering on the surface. Infected implants present carbon-based c...

Discussion : cleaning methods on contaminated heal...

Discussion The current study showed that electrolysis could be an effective means to decontaminate the healing abutment surfaces with complete removal of contaminants without any surface changes at 10 V, 1 A into 5 min, cathodic potential in group III. A minimally invasive approach to remove and disinfect dental implants utilizes the fact that titanium is an electrically conducting me...

Results : cleaning methods on contaminated healing...

Analysis of healing abutment surface roughness after electrolysis Representative SEM images after electrolysis of two different charges (cathodic and anodic) and two different currents (1 A and 1.5 A) are presented in Fig. 3. The SEM images showed surface modification ranging from smoothening to roughening. The surfaces were between the electrolytic healing abutments and control unused healin...

Results : cleaning methods on contaminated healing...

Results Analysis of the electrolytes’ pH before and after electrolysis As shown in Table 1, pH of electrolyte (catholyte) was not changed after electrolysis of different currents. However, the pH decreased after electrolysis of anodic potential of 1 A and 1.5 A in group I and II. Evaluation of the amount of stained area (contamination) of the healing abutments The perce...

Materials and methods : cleaning methods on contam...

Ninety healing abutments removed from patients at the Dental Implant Clinic, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, were used. As this clinical study is an in vitro experimental study, the university ethical committee decided that ethical approval was not necessary. These healing abutments were at least for 4 weeks up to 6 weeks in patients’ oral cavities. All the healing abu...

Background : cleaning methods on contaminated heal...

Background A healing abutment is a small metal cap placed on the dental implant. In dental implant treatment, a healing abutment is first placed on the implant. The top of the healing abutment is exposed in the oral cavity, while its body penetrates the soft mucosal tissue. During the implant treatment, the healing abutment is temporarily removed and replaced into several times until the prosth...

Investigation of different electrochemical cleanin...

Abstract Background To evaluate the effects of electrolysis on cleaning the contaminated healing abutment surface and to detect the optimal condition for cleaning the contaminated healing abutment. Methods Ninety healing abutments removed from patients were placed in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and randomly divided for electrolysis with 7.5% sodium bicarbonate in the following three d...

Discussion : Electronic and conventional cigarette...

DISCUSSION The WHO consistently reports on the severity of health issues caused by smoking, and emphasizes the importance of quitting. The worsening oral health of cigarette users, represented by increases in various diseases, is especially concerning. The American Academy of Periodontology has stated that smoking is one of the risk factors that may affect treatment and therapeutic outcomes for p...

Table 3. Subgroup analysis of associations between...

  Non‐use Electronic cigarette Conventional cigarette Ex‐use   Adjusted OR Adjusted OR 95% CI Adjusted OR 95% CI Adjusted OR 95% CI Male Self‐reported oral health status High 1.00 3.84 (1.15–12.75) 1.47 (0.80–2.73) 0.83 (0.48–1.44) Middle 1.00 1.95 (0.88–4.35) 2.04 (1.42–2.92) 1.22 (0.87–1.70) Low 1.00 2.49 (1....

Table 2. Factors associated with periodontal disea...

  Male Female   Periodontal disease Periodontal disease Variables Adjusted OR 95% CI Adjusted OR 95% CI Cigarette usage Electronic cigarette 2.34 (1.52–3.59) 2.27 (0.89–5.80) Conventional cigarette 2.17 (1.76–2.68) 1.73 (1.32–2.27) Ex‐use 1.28 (1.05–1.56) 1.00 (0.74–1.34) Non‐use 1.00   1.00   Age (years)...

Table 1. General characteristics of study populati...

        Male (n = 5,715) Female (n = 7,836)         Periodontal disease   Periodontal disease     Total (N = 13,551)   Yes No   Yes No   Variables n (%) P value n (%) n (%) P value n (%) n (%) P value Cigarette usage    

Results : Electronic and conventional cigarette an...

RESULTS Table 1 presents the general characteristics of the study population. Included is the presence or absence of periodontal disease according to sex. Among the participants (5,715 men and 7,836 women), 2,206 men (38.6%) and 2,054 women (26.2%) exhibited periodontal disease. The relationship between vaping or smoking each cigarette and periodontal disease was statistically significant. Add...

Material & method : Electronic and conventional ci...

MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Participants Data for this study was taken from a sample of the 2013–2015 KNHANES, an investigation into the health of the public, the status of chronic diseases, and the status of food/nutrition. The survey was conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). KNHANES includes secondary data which are processed to be anonymous. The total nu...

Introduction : Electronic and conventional cigaret...

The World Health Organization (WHO) cites tobacco‐related death and illness as drivers of poverty, as they force individuals to bear high medical expenses. Furthermore, tobacco contains over 7000 toxic chemicals including several known to be human carcinogens. Given this, tobacco smoking is associated with numerous preventable chronic diseases. In addition to the well‐known tobacco‐related l...

Electronic and conventional cigarette and periodon...

Associations of electronic and conventional cigarette use with periodontal disease in South Korean adults   Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine the association of conventional cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping with periodontal disease in South Korean adults. Methods For this study, data from 13,551 participants, a subset deriv...

Analisis CTR (Cutting Torque Resistance)

Analisis CTR alias CRA (Cutting Resistance Analysis) dikembangkan oleh Johansson dan Strid (1994) dan kemudian dikembangkan oleh Friberg et al. (1995-1999) pada model manusia. Pada analisis ini, energi (J/mm3) yang diperlukan oleh motor listrik untuk memotong volume unit tulang dalam operasi pemasangan implant diukur. Energi ini sangat berkaitan dengan kepadatan tulang dan kepadatan tulang adalah...