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Fig. 3. Histological magnifications of specimens e...

Fig. 3. Histological magnifications of specimens exposing a significant areas of lamellar bone in-between and parallel to the surface of older trabeculae (accentuated by green overlay), b osteoclastic activity, and c active bone formation at intrabony marginal regions Fig. 3. Histological magnifications of specimens exposing a significant areas of lamellar bone in-between and parallel to the ...

Fig. 2. Histological view (buccal aspect) displayi...

Fig. 2. Histological view (buccal aspect) displaying mean BIC (%) and mean bone density (%) at corresponding regions (500 μm zones) from BD to A. Blue lines along the implant perimeter display BIC presence and yellow lines display BIC absence Fig. 2. Histological view (buccal aspect) displaying mean BIC (%) and mean bone density (%) at corresponding regions (500 μm zones) from BD to A. Blue...

Fig. 1. Histological section illustrating the land...

Fig. 1. Histological section illustrating the landmarks to determine the conducted histomorphometrical length measurements: DL, RB, and BIC at buccal RB. The red square frames the intra-thread area (ROI) for OD and ELD analysis Fig. 1. Histological section illustrating the landmarks to determine the conducted histomorphometrical length measurements: DL, RB, and BIC at buccal RB. The red squar...

Table 3 Mean osteocyte (OD) and empty lacunae dens...

SP ID Mean OD (number/mm2)Mean ELD (number/mm2)Osteocyte/empty lacuna ratio12932311.2622211021.3231122450.4541721021.6851621431.12Mean1921651.17SD ±6869.20.4595% CI(132–251)(103–225) Table 3 Mean osteocyte (OD) and empty lacunae density (ELD) at peri-implant residual bone

Table 2 Results from histomorphometric measurement...

Specimen IDDL (mm)RB (mm)B.Ar/T.Ar (%)BIC (%)14.83.572.480.025.68.992.375.035.65.388.173.843.87.781.868.753.63.292.571.1Mean4.75.785.574.0SD ±1.02.58.04.095% CI3.1–4.93.3–6.878–9270.6–77.6Table 2 Results from histomorphometric measurements exhibiting DL, RB, bone density (%), residual bone-to-implant contact (%) values

Table 1 Patient and implant site characteristics :...

Sample ID Gender Age Location Prosthesis type Loading time (years) lmplant surface Mean BOP (%) Supp (+/−) Mean PD (mm) MBL (mm) 1 M 69 Maxilla Single-screwed 5.1 Machined 100 + 6.4 B: 4.0P: 6.0 2 F 60 Mandible Single-screwed 10.0 Machined 100 − 6.0 B: 4.5L: 5.0 3 F 60 Mandible Single-screwed 10.0 Machined 100 − 6.2 B: 4.0L: 5...

About this article : Histological characteristics ...

Galárraga-Vinueza, M., Tangl, S., Bianchini, M. et al. Histological characteristics of advanced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans. Int J Implant Dent 6, 12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00208-8 Download citation Received: 08 January 2020 Accepted: 19 February 2020 Published: 25 March 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00208-8

Rights and permissions : Histological characterist...

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material...

Additional information : Histological characterist...

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Ethics declarations : Histological characteristics...

The study protocol no. 3437751 was approved by the Human Research Committee at Federal University of Santa Catarina-Brazil, 2016–2021, and all patients signed an informed consent according to the university ethics regulations. Not applicable The authors declare that they have no competing of interests.

Author information : Histological characteristics ...

MG, FS, RG, and MB contributed to the design of the study. ST and KO contributed to study selection and data extraction. MG, RM, FS, RG, MB, ST, and KO contributed to the drafting of the paper and revising it critically. All authors read, revised, and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Reinhard Gruber.

Author information : Histological characteristics ...

Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Carolinum, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Maria Elisa Galárraga-Vinueza, Karina Obreja & Frank Schwarz Post-Graduate Program in Implant Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil Maria Elisa Galárraga-Vinueza, Marco Bianchini & Ricardo Magini Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Rese...

Funding : Histological characteristics of advanced...

The present study was funded by the authors’ own departments.

Acknowledgements : Histological characteristics of...

Not applicable

References : Histological characteristics of advan...

Kohal R-J, Patzelt SBM, Butz F, Sahlin H. One-piece zirconia oral implants: one-year results from a prospective case series. 2. Three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) reconstruction. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2018 Nov 15];40(5):553–562. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23506654. Dallas SL, Prideaux M, Bonewald LF. The osteocyte: an endocrine cell ... and mor...

References : Histological characteristics of advan...

Berglundh T, Gislason O, Lekholm U, Sennerby L, Lindhe J. Histopathological observations of human periimplantitis lesions. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2019 Mar 13];31(5):341–347. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00486.x. Zitzmann NU, Berglundh T, Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Spontaneous progression of experimentally induced periimplantitis. J Clin Periodonto...

References : Histological characteristics of advan...

Schwarz F, Herten M, Sager M, Bieling K, Sculean A, Becker J. Comparison of naturally occurring and ligature-induced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans and dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2019 Mar 18];18(2):161–170. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01320.x. Serino G, Turri A, Lang NP. Probing at implants with peri-implantitis and its relati...

References : Histological characteristics of advan...

Schwarz F, Derks J, Monje A, Wang H-L. Peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(June 2016):S246–66. Berglundh T, Armitage G, Araujo MG, Avila-Ortiz G, Blanco J, Camargo PM, et al. Peri-implant diseases and conditions: consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2018 ...

Abbreviations : Histological characteristics of ad...

Most apical extension of the residual bone tissue Bone area Bone defect Bone-to-implant contact Bleeding on probing Cone beam computed tomography Confidence interval Disto-buccal Defect length Disto-oral Empty lacuna density Implant shoulder Mesio-buccal Marginal bone loss Mesio-oral Oral Osteocyte density Probing depth Residual bone Region of interest Surface area Standard de...

Availability of data and materials : Histological ...

The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author or reasonable request.

Conclusions : Histological characteristics of adva...

In conclusion, the findings of this case series based on dental implants that had to be retrieved because of advanced peri-implantitis and the concomitant inflammatory osteolysis suggest that the residual peri-implant bone might accumulate the functional load and is consequently modeled and reinforced to become cortical bone.

Discussion : Histological characteristics of advan...

When further interpreting the present study, the peri-implant osteocyte lacunae density after 1 to 27 years in function was reported [28]. In line with our findings, empty osteocytic lacunae adjacent to zirconia implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis were described [29]. Based on counting the osteocyte lacunae, we observed that numerous filled but also empty osteocytic lacunae were present withi...

Discussion : Histological characteristics of advan...

The present study was inspired by the concept that upon advanced loss of cortical peri-implant bone, the remaining peri-implant trabecular bone is subjected to masticatory forces and reinforced as a consequence of functional adaptation [15]. This adaptation depends on vital osteocytes [16]. Therefore, the present human case series aimed at investigate the peri-implant bone in advanced peri-implant...

Results : Histological characteristics of advanced...

The clinical and radiographic characteristics of the implant sites are presented in Table 1. In total, 3 implants were located in the maxilla, while two implants were located in the mandible. While all implants showed bleeding on probing, only 2 implants presented with suppuration on gentle probing. Mean probing depth was 6.3 ± 0.4 mm corresponding to a mean marginal bone loss (MBL) of 4.7 ± 1.0...

Materials and methods : Histological characteristi...

RB was divided into 500-μm-wide horizontal zones (from BD to A) following the long axis of the implant. For each of these individual zones, BIC and bone density (B.Ar/T.Ar) were determined. Osteocyte and empty osteocytic lacunae were counted along the region of interest (ROI) (i.e., the area encompassing the intra-thread regions along the buccal RB extension) (Fig. 1) using a software program (Im...

Materials and methods : Histological characteristi...

Cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans were obtained from each patient for the surgical planning of implant removal. Linear measurements of the defect length (DL) at affected implants were made by drawing a vertical line, following the long axis of the implant, from the implant shoulder (IS) to the bottom of the defect (BD) at buccal and oral aspects in the CBCT data sets (Implant viewer, ver...

Materials and methods : Histological characteristi...

The present study included 4 patients, 3 female and 1 male (mean age of 66 ± 5 years), who attended the Implant Dentistry Department at Federal University of Santa Catarina, complaining of pain, discomfort, suppuration, and/or bleeding at implant sites. All patients revealed a history of periodontal disease, were non-smokers (100%), and reported no additional systemic diseases. The patients exhi...

Background : Histological characteristics of advan...

Peri-implantitis was recently defined as a “pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants”, which is “characterized by inflammation in the peri-implant connective tissue and a progressive loss of supporting bone” [1,2,3,4]. Human biopsies confirmed the presence of plasma cells, macrophages, and neutrophils [5] and elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines [6, 7] a...

Abstract : Histological characteristics of advance...

Inflammatory osteolysis is the clinical hallmark of peri-implantitis. The morphology of the remaining peri-implant bone and the level of osseointegration, however, remain unknown. Our aim was to characterize advanced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans. Four patients (3 female and 1 male) were diagnosed with peri-implantitis. A total of 5 implants with machined surfaces and a mean loading tim...

Fig. 5. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatme...

Fig. 5. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatments decreased gingival mRNA expression of TNF-α and RANKL with different patterns in experimental peri-implantitis of WT and TLR2/4 KO mice. Gingival tissues around ligatured implants and non-ligation implants were excised and processed for RT-qPCR analysis to determine mRNA level of TNF-α of WT mice (a) and TLR2/4 KO mice (b) (mean ± SD, n = ...

Fig. 4. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatme...

Fig. 4. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatments decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration of the implant gingival tissues with different patterns in experimental peri-implantitis of WT and TLR2/4 KO mice. HE staining of the gingival tissue around implants were performed in the control group, ligation group, ligation with anti-RANKL antibody treatment group, and ligation with anti-RANKL ...

Fig. 3. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatme...

Fig. 3. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatments decreased TRAP-positive cell quantities with different patterns in experimental peri-implantitis of WT and TLR2/4 KO mice. TRAP-positive cells (red color) with 3 or more nuclei were considered osteoclasts and were shown in the control group, ligation group, ligation with anti-RANKL antibody treatment group, and ligation with anti-RANKL antibo...

Fig. 2. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatme...

Fig. 2. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatments decreased ligature-induced bone resorption with different patterns in experimental peri-implantitis of WT and TLR2/4 KO mice. Buccal side images of the defleshed skulls were taken of the control (non-ligation) group, ligation (non-treatment) group, ligation with anti-RANKL antibody (ligation+AR) treatment group, and ligation with anti-RANKL a...

Fig. 1. Mouse model of ligature-induced experiment...

Fig. 1. Mouse model of ligature-induced experimental peri-implantitis. (a) Tooth extraction: left maxillary first and second molars extracted at 4 weeks old and the tooth extraction socket healed well with smooth gingiva surface after 6 weeks post-extraction. Implant placement: implant was put in alveolar bone without flap elevation. Ligature placement: at 4 weeks post-implant, 7-0 ligatur...

Table 1 Success rate (SR) of osseointegrated impla...

 Total implantsLostLooseOsseointegratedSuccess rate (%)SR P valueWild type group60654981.670.595TLR2/4 KO group60445286.67Table 1 Success rate (SR) of osseointegrated implants 4 weeks after implant placement

About this article : RANKL blockade alleviates per...

Pan, K., Hu, Y., Wang, Y. et al. RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant bone loss and is enhanced by anti-inflammatory microRNA-146a through TLR2/4 signaling. Int J Implant Dent 6, 15 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00210-0 Download citation Received: 24 September 2019 Accepted: 12 March 2020 Published: 15 April 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00210-0

Rights and permissions : RANKL blockade alleviates...

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material...

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The numerical data of all graphs.

Additional information : RANKL blockade alleviates...

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Ethics declarations : RANKL blockade alleviates pe...

Not applicable Not applicable Keqing Pan, Yang Hu, Yufeng Wang, Hao Li, Michele Patel, Danyang Wang, Zuomin Wang, and Xiaozhe Han certify that they do not have any commercial or associate interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the manuscript. The submitted work was not carried out in the presence of any personal, professional, or financial relationships that could pot...

Author information : RANKL blockade alleviates per...

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar KP contributed to the conception and design; contributed to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data; and drafted the manuscript. YH contributed to the conception and design, contributed to the acquisition, anal...

Author information : RANKL blockade alleviates per...

Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China Keqing Pan Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA Keqing Pan, Yang Hu, Yufeng Wang, Hao Li, Michele Patel & Xiaozhe Han Department of Oral Medicine, Ninth People...

Funding : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

This study was supported by NIH NIDCR R01DE025255 and the Forsyth Institute FPILOT36 to X Han and the Forsyth Institute FPILOT52 to Y Hu.

Acknowledgements : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-...

Not applicable

References : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Tu S, Zhong D, Xie W, Huang W, Jiang Y, Li Y. Role of toll-like receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(8). Gaddis DE, Michalek SM, Katz J. TLR4 signaling via MyD88 and TRIF differentially shape the CD4+ T cell response to Porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinin B. J Immunol. 2011;186(10):5772–83. Zhang P, Liu J, Xu Q, et al. TLR2-dependent m...

References : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity. Immunity. 2011;34(5):637–50. Song GG, Kim JH, Lee YH. Toll-like receptor (TLR) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) polymorphisms and periodontitis susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep. 2013;40(8):5129–41. Lin J, Bi L, Yu X, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates ligat...

References : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Shuto T, Wachi T, Shinohara Y, Nikawa H, Makihira S. Increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio in peri-implant gingiva exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. J Dent Sci. 2016;11(1):8–16. O'Connell MB. Prescription drug therapies for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Manag Care Pharm. 2006;12(6 Suppl A):S10-19; ...

References : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Bertin TJC, Thivichon-Prince B, LeBlanc ARH, Caldwell MW, Viriot L. Current perspectives on tooth implantation, attachment, and replacement in amniota. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1630. Schminke B, Vom Orde F, Gruber R, Schliephake H, Burgers R, Miosge N. The pathology of bone tissue during peri-implantitis. J Dent Res. 2015;94(2):354–61. Mombelli A, Muller N, Cionca N. The epidemiology of peri-impl...

Abbreviations : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-imp...

Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa Β ligand Toll-like receptor Wild type MicroRNA 146a Micro-computed tomography Real-time quantitative PCR Tumor necrosis factor alpha Osteoprotegerin Lipopolysaccharides Hematoxylin and eosin Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase

Availability of data and materials : RANKL blockad...

Presented in the main paper

Conclusions : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-impla...

In summary, the present study suggests that anti-inflammatory miR-146a enhance anti-RANKL-induced inhibition of peri-implant bone resorption through the regulation of TLR2/4 signaling and inhibition of TNF-α expression. Combination of regimens antagonizing both osteoclastogenesis and inflammation may become a more effective strategy to ameliorate peri-implantitis bone loss.

Discussion : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

According to the previous studies, miR-146a was regulated by NF-κB and blockade of miR-146a could decrease TLR4 and NF-κB in human cells [41, 42], suggesting that miR-146a is involved in TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our recent study showed that miR-146a inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion in B cells after challenged with P. gingivalis LPS and decreased bone resorption in experimental peri...

Discussion : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Our present study showed that anti-RANKL antibody can significantly inhibit the bone loss in peri-implantitis and additional miR-146a treatment will enhance this inhibition through its anti-inflammation effects via TLR2/4 signaling. This is the first report in a murine model of peri-implantitis to demonstrate that anti-RANKL antibody and miR-146a together can significantly reduce bone resorption a...

Results : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

In both WT mice and TLR2/4 KO mice, a significantly higher number of inflammatory cells were found infiltrating around the peri-implant tissues in the ligation group compared with the non-ligation group (Fig. 4a–c). However, the number of inflammatory cells in tissues of the ligation group was not significantly changed when treated with anti-RANKL antibody alone in both WT and TLR2/4 KO mice com...

Results : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

In our ligature-induced experimental peri-implantitis mouse model, teeth extraction, implant placement, ligation placement, and gingival injection will be performed in a 12-week process (Fig. 1). 86.67% (52 out of 60) of implants in TLR2/4 KO mice achieved osteointegration (no mobility when touched by needles, no obvious bleeding upon probing) after being placed for 4 weeks, which has no signifi...

Methods : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

Palatal gingival tissues were isolated from around ligatured implants and were homogenized in lysis buffer using a tissue homogenizer. Total RNA was extracted using PureLink® RNA Mini Kit (Ambion). cDNA was synthesized using the SuperScript III Reversed Transcriptase kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The mRNA expression of TNF-α and RANKL in gingival was determined by ...

Methods : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

The ligations were maintained for 2 weeks, and after which the mice were euthanized by CO2 inhalation and the maxilla were harvested. The gingival tissues of half group of mice were isolated and collected for mRNA expression study. The skulls left were defleshed by beetles for 1 week. Briefly, in beetle’s chamber, freshly dissected skull was put in a paper cup with 0.5 cm diameter holes at...

Methods : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and TLR2 KO and TLR4 KO mice in C57/BL6 background were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). TLR2 and TLR4 double KO mice (TLR2/4 KO) were crossbreed from TLR2 KO and TLR4 KO mice and confirmed by genotyping. All the animal-associated protocols were reviewed and approved (#17-022) by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Forsyth Institute....

Background : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of well-characterized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and play an important role in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by recognizing the signature molecules of the host innate immunity [25,26,27]. Our previous studies showed that TLR2 are associated with implant bone loss in a mouse model of peri-implantitis [5] and TLR4 is essential for period...

Background : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Dental implant has become a preferable choice to restore the missing tooth in the past few decades for functional and esthetic purposes [1]. However, peri-implantitis has become prevalent accompanying the exponential growth of dental implant procedures [2, 3]. Peri-implantitis is indicated by infection of implant surrounding soft tissues and bone loss, resulting in implant failure eventually [4,5,...

Abstract : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant ...

This study suggests that anti-inflammatory miR-146a enhance anti-RANKL-induced inhibition of peri-implant bone resorption through the regulation of TLR2/4 signaling and inhibition of TNF-α expression.

Abstract : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant ...

The present study was to determine the effect of local anti-RANKL antibody administration in the presence or absence of microRNA-146a on ligature-induced peri-implant bone resorption, and the potential role of TLR2/4 signaling in such effect. Titanium implants were placed in the left maxilla alveolar bone 6 weeks after extraction of first and second molars in C57/BL6 wild-type (WT) and TLR2−/...

Fig. 6. Comparison of cleansability of each decont...

Fig. 6. Comparison of cleansability of each decontamination method on the different implant surfaces. Asterisk indicates p < 0.05 Fig. 6. Comparison of cleansability of each decontamination method on the different implant surfaces. Asterisk indicates p < 0.05

Fig. 5. Quantitative analysis of CFU counts on rou...

Fig. 5. Quantitative analysis of CFU counts on rough and machined surface implants after cleansing by each method. Asterisk represents vs Cont; a, vs G; b, vs US; c, vs Air; d, vs Rot; e, vs Las which indicates p < 0.05 Fig. 5. Quantitative analysis of CFU counts on rough and machined surface implants after cleansing by each method. Asterisk represents vs Cont; a, vs G; b, vs US; c, vs Air; d...

Fig. 4. SEM analysis of 4 areas. 1 Rough surface...

Fig. 4. SEM analysis of 4 areas. 1 Rough surface—microthread area. 2 Rough surface—macrothread area. 3 Machined surface—microthread area. 4 Machined surface—macrothread area Fig. 4. SEM analysis of 4 areas. 1 Rough surface—microthread area. 2 Rough surface—macrothread area. 3 Machined surface—microthread area. 4 Machined surface—macrothread area

Fig. 3. Decontamination methods. a Gauze soaked in...

Fig. 3. Decontamination methods. a Gauze soaked in saline applied using a sawing motion. b Ultrasonic scaler (SUPRASSON P-MAX, Satelec-Acteon group, Bordeaux, France, power setting: P5, tip: Implant Protect IP3L/R). c Air abrasives (AIR-FLOW MASTER PIEZON®, EMS, Nyon, Switzerland, power setting: water flow 100%, air pressure 75%, powder: AIR-FLOW® PERIO POWDER, nozzle: PERIO-FLOW® nozzles, di...

Fig. 2. GC Aadva® implant; 3.3-mm diameter, 8-mm ...

Fig. 2. GC Aadva® implant; 3.3-mm diameter, 8-mm length Fig. 2. GC Aadva® implant; 3.3-mm diameter, 8-mm length

Fig. 1. Hard resin splint model carrying 6 implant...

Fig. 1. Hard resin splint model carrying 6 implants Fig. 1. Hard resin splint model carrying 6 implants

Table 3 Quantitative analysis of CFU counts (× 10...

Rough surfaceContGUSAirRotLasMedian137.53.446.513.04.816.3Min73.00.36.80.50.63.0Max785.027.0240.035.537.034.0Machine surfaceContGUSAirRotLasMedian84.50.98.53.23.325.3Min43.00.20.92.01.60.4Max295.04.236.014.05.661.5Table 3 Quantitative analysis of CFU counts (× 105) from rough and machined surface implants after cleansing by each method

Table 2 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of ...

Machined surface (microthread)No effectFairGoodExcellentG   +US  + Air  + Rot   +Las +  Machined surface (macrothread)No effectFairGoodExcellentG   +US  + Air  + Rot   +Las  + Table 2 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of micro- and macrothread areas of machined surface implants

Table 1 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of ...

Rough surface (microthread)No effectFairGoodExcellentG  + US +  Air +  Rot  + Las+   Rough surface (macrothread)No effectFairGoodExcellentG  + US  + Air  + Rot  + Las+   Table 1 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of micro- and macrothread areas of rough surface implants

Fig. 3. Histological magnifications of specimens e...

Fig. 3. Histological magnifications of specimens exposing a significant areas of lamellar bone in-between and parallel to the surface of older trabeculae (accentuated by green overlay), b osteoclastic activity, and c active bone formation at intrabony marginal regions Fig. 3. Histological magnifications of specimens exposing a significant areas of lamellar bone in-between and parallel to the ...

Fig. 2. Histological view (buccal aspect) displayi...

Fig. 2. Histological view (buccal aspect) displaying mean BIC (%) and mean bone density (%) at corresponding regions (500 μm zones) from BD to A. Blue lines along the implant perimeter display BIC presence and yellow lines display BIC absence Fig. 2. Histological view (buccal aspect) displaying mean BIC (%) and mean bone density (%) at corresponding regions (500 μm zones) from BD to A. Blue...

Fig. 1. Histological section illustrating the land...

Fig. 1. Histological section illustrating the landmarks to determine the conducted histomorphometrical length measurements: DL, RB, and BIC at buccal RB. The red square frames the intra-thread area (ROI) for OD and ELD analysis Fig. 1. Histological section illustrating the landmarks to determine the conducted histomorphometrical length measurements: DL, RB, and BIC at buccal RB. The red squar...

Table 3 Mean osteocyte (OD) and empty lacunae dens...

SP ID Mean OD (number/mm2)Mean ELD (number/mm2)Osteocyte/empty lacuna ratio12932311.2622211021.3231122450.4541721021.6851621431.12Mean1921651.17SD ±6869.20.4595% CI(132–251)(103–225) Table 3 Mean osteocyte (OD) and empty lacunae density (ELD) at peri-implant residual bone

Table 2 Results from histomorphometric measurement...

Specimen IDDL (mm)RB (mm)B.Ar/T.Ar (%)BIC (%)14.83.572.480.025.68.992.375.035.65.388.173.843.87.781.868.753.63.292.571.1Mean4.75.785.574.0SD ±1.02.58.04.095% CI3.1–4.93.3–6.878–9270.6–77.6Table 2 Results from histomorphometric measurements exhibiting DL, RB, bone density (%), residual bone-to-implant contact (%) values

Table 1 Patient and implant site characteristics :...

Sample ID Gender Age Location Prosthesis type Loading time (years) lmplant surface Mean BOP (%) Supp (+/−) Mean PD (mm) MBL (mm) 1 M 69 Maxilla Single-screwed 5.1 Machined 100 + 6.4 B: 4.0P: 6.0 2 F 60 Mandible Single-screwed 10.0 Machined 100 − 6.0 B: 4.5L: 5.0 3 F 60 Mandible Single-screwed 10.0 Machined 100 − 6.2 B: 4.0L: 5...

About this article : Histological characteristics ...

Galárraga-Vinueza, M., Tangl, S., Bianchini, M. et al. Histological characteristics of advanced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans. Int J Implant Dent 6, 12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00208-8 Download citation Received: 08 January 2020 Accepted: 19 February 2020 Published: 25 March 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00208-8

Rights and permissions : Histological characterist...

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material...

Additional information : Histological characterist...

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Ethics declarations : Histological characteristics...

The study protocol no. 3437751 was approved by the Human Research Committee at Federal University of Santa Catarina-Brazil, 2016–2021, and all patients signed an informed consent according to the university ethics regulations. Not applicable The authors declare that they have no competing of interests.

Author information : Histological characteristics ...

MG, FS, RG, and MB contributed to the design of the study. ST and KO contributed to study selection and data extraction. MG, RM, FS, RG, MB, ST, and KO contributed to the drafting of the paper and revising it critically. All authors read, revised, and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Reinhard Gruber.

Author information : Histological characteristics ...

Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Carolinum, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany Maria Elisa Galárraga-Vinueza, Karina Obreja & Frank Schwarz Post-Graduate Program in Implant Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil Maria Elisa Galárraga-Vinueza, Marco Bianchini & Ricardo Magini Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Rese...

Funding : Histological characteristics of advanced...

The present study was funded by the authors’ own departments.

Acknowledgements : Histological characteristics of...

Not applicable

References : Histological characteristics of advan...

Kohal R-J, Patzelt SBM, Butz F, Sahlin H. One-piece zirconia oral implants: one-year results from a prospective case series. 2. Three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) reconstruction. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2018 Nov 15];40(5):553–562. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23506654. Dallas SL, Prideaux M, Bonewald LF. The osteocyte: an endocrine cell ... and mor...

References : Histological characteristics of advan...

Berglundh T, Gislason O, Lekholm U, Sennerby L, Lindhe J. Histopathological observations of human periimplantitis lesions. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2019 Mar 13];31(5):341–347. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00486.x. Zitzmann NU, Berglundh T, Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Spontaneous progression of experimentally induced periimplantitis. J Clin Periodonto...

References : Histological characteristics of advan...

Schwarz F, Herten M, Sager M, Bieling K, Sculean A, Becker J. Comparison of naturally occurring and ligature-induced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans and dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2019 Mar 18];18(2):161–170. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01320.x. Serino G, Turri A, Lang NP. Probing at implants with peri-implantitis and its relati...

References : Histological characteristics of advan...

Schwarz F, Derks J, Monje A, Wang H-L. Peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(June 2016):S246–66. Berglundh T, Armitage G, Araujo MG, Avila-Ortiz G, Blanco J, Camargo PM, et al. Peri-implant diseases and conditions: consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. J Clin Periodontol [Internet]. 2018 ...

Abbreviations : Histological characteristics of ad...

Most apical extension of the residual bone tissue Bone area Bone defect Bone-to-implant contact Bleeding on probing Cone beam computed tomography Confidence interval Disto-buccal Defect length Disto-oral Empty lacuna density Implant shoulder Mesio-buccal Marginal bone loss Mesio-oral Oral Osteocyte density Probing depth Residual bone Region of interest Surface area Standard de...

Availability of data and materials : Histological ...

The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author or reasonable request.

Conclusions : Histological characteristics of adva...

In conclusion, the findings of this case series based on dental implants that had to be retrieved because of advanced peri-implantitis and the concomitant inflammatory osteolysis suggest that the residual peri-implant bone might accumulate the functional load and is consequently modeled and reinforced to become cortical bone.

Discussion : Histological characteristics of advan...

When further interpreting the present study, the peri-implant osteocyte lacunae density after 1 to 27 years in function was reported [28]. In line with our findings, empty osteocytic lacunae adjacent to zirconia implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis were described [29]. Based on counting the osteocyte lacunae, we observed that numerous filled but also empty osteocytic lacunae were present withi...

Discussion : Histological characteristics of advan...

The present study was inspired by the concept that upon advanced loss of cortical peri-implant bone, the remaining peri-implant trabecular bone is subjected to masticatory forces and reinforced as a consequence of functional adaptation [15]. This adaptation depends on vital osteocytes [16]. Therefore, the present human case series aimed at investigate the peri-implant bone in advanced peri-implant...

Results : Histological characteristics of advanced...

The clinical and radiographic characteristics of the implant sites are presented in Table 1. In total, 3 implants were located in the maxilla, while two implants were located in the mandible. While all implants showed bleeding on probing, only 2 implants presented with suppuration on gentle probing. Mean probing depth was 6.3 ± 0.4 mm corresponding to a mean marginal bone loss (MBL) of 4.7 ± 1.0...

Materials and methods : Histological characteristi...

RB was divided into 500-μm-wide horizontal zones (from BD to A) following the long axis of the implant. For each of these individual zones, BIC and bone density (B.Ar/T.Ar) were determined. Osteocyte and empty osteocytic lacunae were counted along the region of interest (ROI) (i.e., the area encompassing the intra-thread regions along the buccal RB extension) (Fig. 1) using a software program (Im...

Materials and methods : Histological characteristi...

Cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans were obtained from each patient for the surgical planning of implant removal. Linear measurements of the defect length (DL) at affected implants were made by drawing a vertical line, following the long axis of the implant, from the implant shoulder (IS) to the bottom of the defect (BD) at buccal and oral aspects in the CBCT data sets (Implant viewer, ver...

Materials and methods : Histological characteristi...

The present study included 4 patients, 3 female and 1 male (mean age of 66 ± 5 years), who attended the Implant Dentistry Department at Federal University of Santa Catarina, complaining of pain, discomfort, suppuration, and/or bleeding at implant sites. All patients revealed a history of periodontal disease, were non-smokers (100%), and reported no additional systemic diseases. The patients exhi...

Background : Histological characteristics of advan...

Peri-implantitis was recently defined as a “pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants”, which is “characterized by inflammation in the peri-implant connective tissue and a progressive loss of supporting bone” [1,2,3,4]. Human biopsies confirmed the presence of plasma cells, macrophages, and neutrophils [5] and elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines [6, 7] a...

Abstract : Histological characteristics of advance...

Inflammatory osteolysis is the clinical hallmark of peri-implantitis. The morphology of the remaining peri-implant bone and the level of osseointegration, however, remain unknown. Our aim was to characterize advanced peri-implantitis bone defects in humans. Four patients (3 female and 1 male) were diagnosed with peri-implantitis. A total of 5 implants with machined surfaces and a mean loading tim...

Fig. 5. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatme...

Fig. 5. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatments decreased gingival mRNA expression of TNF-α and RANKL with different patterns in experimental peri-implantitis of WT and TLR2/4 KO mice. Gingival tissues around ligatured implants and non-ligation implants were excised and processed for RT-qPCR analysis to determine mRNA level of TNF-α of WT mice (a) and TLR2/4 KO mice (b) (mean ± SD, n = ...

Fig. 4. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatme...

Fig. 4. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatments decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration of the implant gingival tissues with different patterns in experimental peri-implantitis of WT and TLR2/4 KO mice. HE staining of the gingival tissue around implants were performed in the control group, ligation group, ligation with anti-RANKL antibody treatment group, and ligation with anti-RANKL ...

Fig. 3. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatme...

Fig. 3. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatments decreased TRAP-positive cell quantities with different patterns in experimental peri-implantitis of WT and TLR2/4 KO mice. TRAP-positive cells (red color) with 3 or more nuclei were considered osteoclasts and were shown in the control group, ligation group, ligation with anti-RANKL antibody treatment group, and ligation with anti-RANKL antibo...

Fig. 2. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatme...

Fig. 2. Anti-RANKL and anti-RANKL+miR-146a treatments decreased ligature-induced bone resorption with different patterns in experimental peri-implantitis of WT and TLR2/4 KO mice. Buccal side images of the defleshed skulls were taken of the control (non-ligation) group, ligation (non-treatment) group, ligation with anti-RANKL antibody (ligation+AR) treatment group, and ligation with anti-RANKL a...

Fig. 1. Mouse model of ligature-induced experiment...

Fig. 1. Mouse model of ligature-induced experimental peri-implantitis. (a) Tooth extraction: left maxillary first and second molars extracted at 4 weeks old and the tooth extraction socket healed well with smooth gingiva surface after 6 weeks post-extraction. Implant placement: implant was put in alveolar bone without flap elevation. Ligature placement: at 4 weeks post-implant, 7-0 ligatur...

Table 1 Success rate (SR) of osseointegrated impla...

 Total implantsLostLooseOsseointegratedSuccess rate (%)SR P valueWild type group60654981.670.595TLR2/4 KO group60445286.67Table 1 Success rate (SR) of osseointegrated implants 4 weeks after implant placement

About this article : RANKL blockade alleviates per...

Pan, K., Hu, Y., Wang, Y. et al. RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant bone loss and is enhanced by anti-inflammatory microRNA-146a through TLR2/4 signaling. Int J Implant Dent 6, 15 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00210-0 Download citation Received: 24 September 2019 Accepted: 12 March 2020 Published: 15 April 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00210-0

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Ethics declarations : RANKL blockade alleviates pe...

Not applicable Not applicable Keqing Pan, Yang Hu, Yufeng Wang, Hao Li, Michele Patel, Danyang Wang, Zuomin Wang, and Xiaozhe Han certify that they do not have any commercial or associate interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the manuscript. The submitted work was not carried out in the presence of any personal, professional, or financial relationships that could pot...

Author information : RANKL blockade alleviates per...

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar KP contributed to the conception and design; contributed to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data; and drafted the manuscript. YH contributed to the conception and design, contributed to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data; drafted the manu...

Author information : RANKL blockade alleviates per...

Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China Keqing Pan Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA Keqing Pan, Yang Hu, Yufeng Wang, Hao Li, Michele Patel & Xiaozhe Han Department of Oral Medicine, Ninth People...

Funding : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

This study was supported by NIH NIDCR R01DE025255 and the Forsyth Institute FPILOT36 to X Han and the Forsyth Institute FPILOT52 to Y Hu.

Acknowledgements : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-...

Not applicable

References : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Tu S, Zhong D, Xie W, Huang W, Jiang Y, Li Y. Role of toll-like receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(8). Gaddis DE, Michalek SM, Katz J. TLR4 signaling via MyD88 and TRIF differentially shape the CD4+ T cell response to Porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinin B. J Immunol. 2011;186(10):5772–83. Zhang P, Liu J, Xu Q, et al. TLR2-dependent m...

References : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity. Immunity. 2011;34(5):637–50. Song GG, Kim JH, Lee YH. Toll-like receptor (TLR) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) polymorphisms and periodontitis susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep. 2013;40(8):5129–41. Lin J, Bi L, Yu X, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates ligat...

References : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Shuto T, Wachi T, Shinohara Y, Nikawa H, Makihira S. Increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio in peri-implant gingiva exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. J Dent Sci. 2016;11(1):8–16. O'Connell MB. Prescription drug therapies for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Manag Care Pharm. 2006;12(6 Suppl A):S10-19; ...

References : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Bertin TJC, Thivichon-Prince B, LeBlanc ARH, Caldwell MW, Viriot L. Current perspectives on tooth implantation, attachment, and replacement in amniota. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1630. Schminke B, Vom Orde F, Gruber R, Schliephake H, Burgers R, Miosge N. The pathology of bone tissue during peri-implantitis. J Dent Res. 2015;94(2):354–61. Mombelli A, Muller N, Cionca N. The epidemiology of peri-impl...

Abbreviations : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-imp...

Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa Β ligand Toll-like receptor Wild type MicroRNA 146a Micro-computed tomography Real-time quantitative PCR Tumor necrosis factor alpha Osteoprotegerin Lipopolysaccharides Hematoxylin and eosin Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase

Availability of data and materials : RANKL blockad...

Presented in the main paper

Conclusions : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-impla...

In summary, the present study suggests that anti-inflammatory miR-146a enhance anti-RANKL-induced inhibition of peri-implant bone resorption through the regulation of TLR2/4 signaling and inhibition of TNF-α expression. Combination of regimens antagonizing both osteoclastogenesis and inflammation may become a more effective strategy to ameliorate peri-implantitis bone loss.

Discussion : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

According to the previous studies, miR-146a was regulated by NF-κB and blockade of miR-146a could decrease TLR4 and NF-κB in human cells [41, 42], suggesting that miR-146a is involved in TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our recent study showed that miR-146a inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion in B cells after challenged with P. gingivalis LPS and decreased bone resorption in experimental peri...

Discussion : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Our present study showed that anti-RANKL antibody can significantly inhibit the bone loss in peri-implantitis and additional miR-146a treatment will enhance this inhibition through its anti-inflammation effects via TLR2/4 signaling. This is the first report in a murine model of peri-implantitis to demonstrate that anti-RANKL antibody and miR-146a together can significantly reduce bone resorption a...

Results : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

In both WT mice and TLR2/4 KO mice, a significantly higher number of inflammatory cells were found infiltrating around the peri-implant tissues in the ligation group compared with the non-ligation group (Fig. 4a–c). However, the number of inflammatory cells in tissues of the ligation group was not significantly changed when treated with anti-RANKL antibody alone in both WT and TLR2/4 KO mice com...

Results : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

In our ligature-induced experimental peri-implantitis mouse model, teeth extraction, implant placement, ligation placement, and gingival injection will be performed in a 12-week process (Fig. 1). 86.67% (52 out of 60) of implants in TLR2/4 KO mice achieved osteointegration (no mobility when touched by needles, no obvious bleeding upon probing) after being placed for 4 weeks, which has no signifi...

Methods : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

Palatal gingival tissues were isolated from around ligatured implants and were homogenized in lysis buffer using a tissue homogenizer. Total RNA was extracted using PureLink® RNA Mini Kit (Ambion). cDNA was synthesized using the SuperScript III Reversed Transcriptase kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The mRNA expression of TNF-α and RANKL in gingival was determined by ...

Methods : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

The ligations were maintained for 2 weeks, and after which the mice were euthanized by CO2 inhalation and the maxilla were harvested. The gingival tissues of half group of mice were isolated and collected for mRNA expression study. The skulls left were defleshed by beetles for 1 week. Briefly, in beetle’s chamber, freshly dissected skull was put in a paper cup with 0.5 cm diameter holes at...

Methods : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant b...

Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and TLR2 KO and TLR4 KO mice in C57/BL6 background were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). TLR2 and TLR4 double KO mice (TLR2/4 KO) were crossbreed from TLR2 KO and TLR4 KO mice and confirmed by genotyping. All the animal-associated protocols were reviewed and approved (#17-022) by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Forsyth Institute....

Background : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of well-characterized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and play an important role in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by recognizing the signature molecules of the host innate immunity [25,26,27]. Our previous studies showed that TLR2 are associated with implant bone loss in a mouse model of peri-implantitis [5] and TLR4 is essential for period...

Background : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implan...

Dental implant has become a preferable choice to restore the missing tooth in the past few decades for functional and esthetic purposes [1]. However, peri-implantitis has become prevalent accompanying the exponential growth of dental implant procedures [2, 3]. Peri-implantitis is indicated by infection of implant surrounding soft tissues and bone loss, resulting in implant failure eventually [4,5,...

Abstract : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant ...

This study suggests that anti-inflammatory miR-146a enhance anti-RANKL-induced inhibition of peri-implant bone resorption through the regulation of TLR2/4 signaling and inhibition of TNF-α expression.

Abstract : RANKL blockade alleviates peri-implant ...

The present study was to determine the effect of local anti-RANKL antibody administration in the presence or absence of microRNA-146a on ligature-induced peri-implant bone resorption, and the potential role of TLR2/4 signaling in such effect. Titanium implants were placed in the left maxilla alveolar bone 6 weeks after extraction of first and second molars in C57/BL6 wild-type (WT) and TLR2−/...

Fig. 6. Comparison of cleansability of each decont...

Fig. 6. Comparison of cleansability of each decontamination method on the different implant surfaces. Asterisk indicates p < 0.05 Fig. 6. Comparison of cleansability of each decontamination method on the different implant surfaces. Asterisk indicates p < 0.05

Fig. 5. Quantitative analysis of CFU counts on rou...

Fig. 5. Quantitative analysis of CFU counts on rough and machined surface implants after cleansing by each method. Asterisk represents vs Cont; a, vs G; b, vs US; c, vs Air; d, vs Rot; e, vs Las which indicates p < 0.05 Fig. 5. Quantitative analysis of CFU counts on rough and machined surface implants after cleansing by each method. Asterisk represents vs Cont; a, vs G; b, vs US; c, vs Air; d...

Fig. 4. SEM analysis of 4 areas. 1 Rough surface...

Fig. 4. SEM analysis of 4 areas. 1 Rough surface—microthread area. 2 Rough surface—macrothread area. 3 Machined surface—microthread area. 4 Machined surface—macrothread area Fig. 4. SEM analysis of 4 areas. 1 Rough surface—microthread area. 2 Rough surface—macrothread area. 3 Machined surface—microthread area. 4 Machined surface—macrothread area

Fig. 3. Decontamination methods. a Gauze soaked in...

Fig. 3. Decontamination methods. a Gauze soaked in saline applied using a sawing motion. b Ultrasonic scaler (SUPRASSON P-MAX, Satelec-Acteon group, Bordeaux, France, power setting: P5, tip: Implant Protect IP3L/R). c Air abrasives (AIR-FLOW MASTER PIEZON®, EMS, Nyon, Switzerland, power setting: water flow 100%, air pressure 75%, powder: AIR-FLOW® PERIO POWDER, nozzle: PERIO-FLOW® nozzles, di...

Fig. 2. GC Aadva® implant; 3.3-mm diameter, 8-mm ...

Fig. 2. GC Aadva® implant; 3.3-mm diameter, 8-mm length Fig. 2. GC Aadva® implant; 3.3-mm diameter, 8-mm length

Fig. 1. Hard resin splint model carrying 6 implant...

Fig. 1. Hard resin splint model carrying 6 implants Fig. 1. Hard resin splint model carrying 6 implants

Table 3 Quantitative analysis of CFU counts (× 10...

Rough surfaceContGUSAirRotLasMedian137.53.446.513.04.816.3Min73.00.36.80.50.63.0Max785.027.0240.035.537.034.0Machine surfaceContGUSAirRotLasMedian84.50.98.53.23.325.3Min43.00.20.92.01.60.4Max295.04.236.014.05.661.5Table 3 Quantitative analysis of CFU counts (× 105) from rough and machined surface implants after cleansing by each method

Table 2 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of ...

Machined surface (microthread)No effectFairGoodExcellentG   +US  + Air  + Rot   +Las +  Machined surface (macrothread)No effectFairGoodExcellentG   +US  + Air  + Rot   +Las  + Table 2 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of micro- and macrothread areas of machined surface implants

Table 1 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of ...

Rough surface (microthread)No effectFairGoodExcellentG  + US +  Air +  Rot  + Las+   Rough surface (macrothread)No effectFairGoodExcellentG  + US  + Air  + Rot  + Las+   Table 1 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of micro- and macrothread areas of rough surface implants

About this article : Evaluation of decontamination...

Otsuki, M., Wada, M., Yamaguchi, M. et al. Evaluation of decontamination methods of oral biofilms formed on screw-shaped, rough and machined surface implants: an ex vivo study. Int J Implant Dent 6, 18 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00212-y Download citation Received: 06 February 2020 Accepted: 17 March 2020 Published: 22 April 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.118...

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material...

Additional information : Evaluation of decontamina...

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Ethics declarations : Evaluation of decontaminatio...

All participants provided informed consent verbally. Study information was disseminated to participants both verbally and in written form. This study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of Osaka University (H26.E-36). All participants consented to the publication of their data through a written consent form obtained from the ethical committee of Osaka University. Motohiro Otsuki, Masa...

Author information : Evaluation of decontamination...

Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan Motohiro Otsuki, Masahiro Wada, Yoshinobu Maeda & Kazunori Ikebe Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan Masaya Yamaguchi & Shigetada Kawabata You can also search...

Funding : Evaluation of decontamination methods of...

GC Corporation provided the implants to this research.

Acknowledgements : Evaluation of decontamination m...

The authors thank Tomoaki Mameno for his work on data analysis.

References : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Romeo E, Ghisolfi M, Murgolo N, Chiapasco M, Lops D, Vogel G. Therapy of peri-implantitis with resective surgery. A 3-year clinical trial on rough screw-shaped oral implants. Part I: clinical outcome. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007;16(1):9–18. Aoki A, Mizutani K, Schwarz F, Sculean A, Yukna RA, Takasaki AA, et al. Periodontal and peri-implant wound healing following laser therapy. Periodontol 200...

References : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Berglundh T, Armitage G, Araujo MG, Avila-Ortiz G, Blanco J, Camargo PM, et al. Peri-implant diseases and conditions: consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S313–8. Sousa V, Mardas N, Spratt D, Boniface D, Dard M, Donos N. Experimental models for contamination of ti...

References : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Schwarz F, Ferrari D, Popovski K, Hartig B, Becker J. Influence of different air-abrasive powders on cell viability at biologically contaminated titanium dental implants surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2009;88(1):83–91. Widodo A, Spratt D, Sousa V, Petrie A, Donos N. An in vitro study on disinfection of titanium surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27(10):1227–32. Sahrmann P,...

References : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Derks J, Schaller D, Hakansson J, Wennstrom JL, Tomasi C, Berglundh T. Effectiveness of implant therapy analyzed in a Swedish population: prevalence of peri-implantitis. J Dent Res. 2016;95(1):43–9. Fransson C, Lekholm U, Jemt T, Berglundh T. Prevalence of subjects with progressive bone loss at implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005;16(4):440–6. Wada M, Mameno T, Onodera Y, Matsuda H, Daimon...

Abbreviations : Evaluation of decontamination meth...

Control (no decontamination) Gauze soaked in saline Ultrasonic scaler (SUPRASSON P-MAX, Satelec-Acteon Group, Bordeaux, France; power setting: P5, tip: Implant Protect IP3L/R) Air abrasive (AIR-FLOW MASTER PIEZON®, EMS, Nyon, Switzerland; power setting: water flow 100%, air pressure 75%, powder: AIR-FLOW® PERIO POWDER, nozzle: PERIO-FLOW® nozzles, distance from the nozzle to the implant 2 ...

Availability of data and materials : Evaluation of...

The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Conclusions : Evaluation of decontamination method...

In the present ex vivo experimental study, none of the tested decontamination methods thoroughly eliminated biofilms formed on rough/machined surface implants intraorally. Gauze soaked in saline and the rotary stainless steel instrument showed better cleansability than the ultrasonic scaler in qualitative and quantitative analyses and may be advantageous for cleansing contaminated implant surfaces...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Through SEM analysis and CFU counts, it was demonstrated that, except for the Er:YAG laser, decontamination of the machined surface implant was easier than that of the rough surface implant regardless of decontamination method. Gauze soaked in saline and the ultrasonic scaler demonstrated a statistically significant difference in CFU counts between the two surfaces. In this context, a machined sur...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Sahrmann et al. [15] tested three instruments (ultrasonic scaler, Gracey curette, and air abrasive device with glycine powder) on rough surface implants stained with indelible ink used as artificial plaque. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of stain removal rate. The air abrasive device showed the best result among the tested instruments. The result of this study is in line...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

It has been previously stated that the alteration of the implant surface during cleansing may attenuate biocompatibility [29]. However, several clinical studies revealed the considerable treatment effect even though there was certain expected damage on the implant surface [7, 34]. Therefore, it is assumed that the most important consideration for treating peri-implantitis in the clinical setting s...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Regarding the air abrasives, the cleansing effect in the SEM analysis was also as considerable as that achieved by the ultrasonic scaler in the present study, in contrast to the results of the aforementioned study. Louropoulou et al. [29] also stated in their systematic review that an air-powder abrasive system with sodium bicarbonate powder could cleanse contaminated rough/smooth implant surfaces...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Based on the results of the SEM qualitative analysis, gauze soaked in saline and the rotary stainless steel instrument consistently showed good cleansability on rough and machined surface implants compared with the other methods. Conversely, the Er:YAG laser showed inferior cleansability to all other methods especially on rough surface implants. The ultrasonic scaler and air abrasive exhibited fai...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

This study was performed following an ex vivo design to overcome the drawbacks of previous studies. One particular difference in this study was the use of a commercially available screw-shaped implant. As the implant shape and design have rather complicated macro- and microstructures compared with titanium disks or different forms of titanium commonly used in experimental studies, previous results...

Results : Evaluation of decontamination methods of...

During the experiment, three participants experienced small ulcers caused by the implants carried on the splints; however, it did not affect their daily life. Additionally, there were no signs of gingival inflammation in any participant. G and Rot achieved relatively clean implant surfaces compared with Las in micro- and macrothread areas. US and Air demonstrated fair cleansability in microthread...

Materials and methods : Evaluation of decontaminat...

The SEM analysis was performed as previously described [16,17,18]. The decontaminated implant samples were fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde-RPMI 1640 immediately for 1 h at room temperature and washed with distilled water. Then, the samples were dehydrated with 100% t-butyl alcohol and freeze-dried. Finally, the samples were coated with platinum and examined using an emission-scanning electron micro...

Materials and methods : Evaluation of decontaminat...

Eleven participants, nine men and two women between 28 and 42 years of age (mean age 31.3 ± 4.6), were recruited as the study subjects. All participants provided informed consent verbally. Study information was disseminated to participants both verbally and in written form. The inclusion criteria were as follows: Generally healthy subjects Dentate subjects without ill-fitting restorations (...

Background : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Dental implants are now used broadly for recovering loss of masticatory function and esthetics. Although it has been revealed that dental implants can often survive long term, biological and mechanical complications may arise. Recent cross-sectional and retrospective studies noted a higher prevalence of peri-implantitis at the implant and subject level than previously considered [1,2,3,4]. Additio...

Abstract : Evaluation of decontamination methods o...

To evaluate the effect of several representative decontamination methods of oral biofilms on different implant surfaces. Eleven participants wore a hard resin splint carrying 6 rough (GC Aadva® implant; 3.3-mm diameter, 8-mm length) or machined (not commercially available) surface implants for 4 days to accumulate dental plaque naturally on the titanium surfaces of the implants. Apart from sur...

Table 5 Bacterial and fu...

Patient M. salivarium V. parvula S. aureus P. gingivalis P. micra T. forsythia Fungal organisms 1 7.05E + 01 7.00E + 01 - ...

Table 4 Bacterial and fu...

Patient M. salivarium V. parvula S. aureus P. gingivalis P. micra T. forsythia Fungal organisms 1 - 2.26E + 03 - 1...

Table 3 Bacterial and fu...

Patient Severity M. salivarium V. parvula S. aureus P. gingivalis P. micra T. forsythia Fungal organisms 1 i-m - 7.96E + 04 ...

Table 2 Overview of fung...

Species Gene Primer/probe Sequences (5′-3′) Aspergillus spp. plus ITS2 aspe-F CTG TCC GAG CGT CAT TG Penicillium spp.   pen1-F ...

Table 1 Overview of bact...

Species Gene Primer/probe Sequences (5′-3′) Mycoplasma salivarium rpoB msali-F CCG TCA AAT GAT TTC GAT TGC    msali-R GAA CTG CTT GAC GTT GCA TGT T ...

About this article : Real-time PCR analysis of fun...

Schwarz, F., Becker, K., Rahn, S. et al. Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organisms and bacterial species at peri-implantitis sites. Int J Implant Dent 1, 9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-015-0010-6 Download citation Received: 16 January 2015 Accepted: 11 March 2015 Published: 21 April 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-015-0010-6

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Additional information : Real-time PCR analysis of...

Frank Schwarz, Kathrin Becker, Sebastian Rahn, Andrea Hegewald, Klaus Pfeffer, and Birgit Henrich declare that they have no competing interests. FS, BH, and KP have made substantial contributions to study conception and design, analysis, and interpretation of data as well as manuscript preparation. KB performed the statistical analysis. AH and SR were involved in data acquisition. All authors rea...

Author information : Real-time PCR analysis of fun...

Department of Oral Surgery, Westdeutsche Kieferklinik, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany Frank Schwarz & Andrea Hegewald Department of Orthodontics, Westdeutsche Kieferklinik, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany Kathrin Becker Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University, Univer...

Acknowledgements : Real-time PCR analysis of funga...

We kindly appreciate the skills and commitment of Ms. Dana Belick (Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf) in the DNA preparation and bacterial analysis and the Jürgen Manchot Foundation for financial support.

References : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

Hultin M, Gustafsson A, Hallstrom H, Johansson LA, Ekfeldt A, Klinge B. Microbiological findings and host response in patients with peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002;13:349–58. Engel LD, Kenny GE. Mycoplasma salivarium in human gingival sulci. J Periodontal Res. 1970;5:163–71. Jarvensivu A, Hietanen J, Rautemaa R, Sorsa T, Richardson M. Candida yeasts in chronic periodontitis ti...

References : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

McDonald RR, Antonishyn NA, Hansen T, Snook LA, Nagle E, Mulvey MR, et al. Development of a triplex real-time PCR assay for detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin genes in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:6147–9. Morillo JM, Lau L, Sanz M, Herrera D, Martin C, Silva A. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction based on si...

References : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

Lindhe J, Meyle J, Group DoEWoP. Peri-implant diseases: consensus report of the sixth European workshop on periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:282–5. Mombelli A, Decaillet F. The characteristics of biofilms in peri-implant disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38 Suppl 11:203–13. Heitz-Mayfield LJ. Peri-implant diseases: diagnosis and risk indicators. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:292–30...

Abbreviations : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal o...

Bleeding on probing Mycoplasma salivarium Porphyromonas gingivalis Parvimonas micra Probing pocket depth Staphylococcus aureus Tannerella forsythia Veillonella parvula

Conclusions : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal org...

Within the limitations of the present analysis, it was concluded that Candida spp. and other fungal organisms were frequently identified at peri-implantitis as well as healthy implant sites and co-colonized with P. micra and T. forsythia.

Discussion : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

Furthermore, the present analysis failed to identify any significant correlation of either fungal organisms or disease severity with opportunistic bacteria, such as M. salivarium, V. parvula, and S. aureus. At tooth sites, M. salivarium was mainly isolated from the sulcus area and associated with gingivitis lesions [27]. Interestingly, S. aureus has only been identified at one single peri-implanti...

Discussion : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

The present study aimed at analyzing and correlating fungal organisms with several periodontopathogenic and opportunistic bacterial species at peri-implantitis sites using real-time PCR. These outcomes were compared with those noted at healthy implant sites as well as teeth with a history of periodontitis. Basically, the present analysis has pointed to a high prevalence of fungal organisms in sub...

Results : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organis...

The Kendall-Tau-b coefficients failed to reveal any significant correlations between the presence of fungal organisms and the proportions of M. salivarium (0.25), V. parvula (0.34), P. gingivalis (0.60), P. micra (0.32), T. forsythia (0.12), and S. aureus (0.66) (P > 0.05, respectively).

Results : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organis...

According to the given definition, the present analysis was based on a total of n = 13 initial to moderate and n = 6 advanced peri-implantitis lesions (n = 19 patients), 10 healthy implant sites (n = 10 patients), as well as 10 teeth with a history of periodontitis (n = 10 out of 19 patients suffering from peri-implantitis). The analysis of fungal organisms as well as of M. sa...

Methods : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organis...

The statistical analysis was performed using a commercially available software program (SPSS Statistics 22.0, IBM Corp., Ehningen, Germany). Kendall-Tau-b correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the dependence between fungal organisms, bacterial species as well as disease severity (i.e., initial to moderate and advanced sites). Results were considered statistically significant at P 

Methods : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organis...

In the peri-implantitis group, one additional subgingival plaque sample was obtained from partially edentulous patients with a history of periodontitis (n = 10) and obtained at a tooth exhibiting the highest PD but no signs of acute periodontal disease (i.e., BOP/no suppuration). None of these teeth were located adjacent to the sampled implant sites. The control samples were also prepared for ...

Methods : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organis...

A total of 29 partially or fully edentulous patients were consecutively recruited from the Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, between April 2013 and July 2014. Nineteen patients (7 men and 13 women; mean age 58.8 ± 12.6 years) suffered from initial to moderate or advanced peri-implantitis, while ten patients (6 men and 4 women; mean age 55.2 ± 1...

Background : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal orga...

There is considerable evidence supporting the view that peri-implant diseases are infectious in nature and mainly linked to an uncontrolled accumulation of bacterial plaque biofilms [1]. Basically, diseased implant sites are dominated by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria and therefore feature microbiological characteristics similar to those noted for chronic periodontal infections [2]. Even though ...

Abstract : Real-time PCR analysis of fungal organi...

The potential role of fungal organisms and their co-aggregation with either periodontopathogens or opportunistic pathogens at peri-implantitis sites is unknown. The aim of the present study was to qualitatively/quantitatively analyze and correlate fungal organisms and bacterial species at peri-implantitis sites. In a total of 29 patients, submucosal/subgingival plaque samples were collected at pe...

Fig. 9. Comparison of the CBD medians in the immed...

Fig. 9. Comparison of the CBD medians in the immediate implant and the control groups Fig. 9. Comparison of the CBD medians in the immediate implant and the control groups

Fig. 8. Comparison of the CBD means in the immedia...

Fig. 8. Comparison of the CBD means in the immediate implant and the control groups Fig. 8. Comparison of the CBD means in the immediate implant and the control groups

Fig. 7. CBD in millimeters plotted over 10 years ...

Fig. 7. CBD in millimeters plotted over 10 years for the control group Fig. 7. CBD in millimeters plotted over 10 years for the control group

Fig. 6. CBD in millimeters plotted over 10 years ...

Fig. 6. CBD in millimeters plotted over 10 years for the immediate implant group Fig. 6. CBD in millimeters plotted over 10 years for the immediate implant group

Fig. 5. Measurement specifications: clinical reali...

Fig. 5. Measurement specifications: clinical realization [6] Fig. 5. Measurement specifications: clinical realization [6]

Fig. 4. Measurement specifications: outline [6] : ...

Fig. 4. Measurement specifications: outline [6] Fig. 4. Measurement specifications: outline [6]

Fig. 3. Number of implants in the respective regio...

Fig. 3. Number of implants in the respective region (anterior region ranging from 13 to 23 and 33 to 43, and posterior region ranging from 18 to 14, 24 to 28, 38 to 34, and 44 to 48) Fig. 3. Number of implants in the respective region (anterior region ranging from 13 to 23 and 33 to 43, and posterior region ranging from 18 to 14, 24 to 28, 38 to 34, and 44 to 48)

Fig. 2. Prosthodontic indications : Peri-implant

Fig. 2. Prosthodontic indications Fig. 2. Prosthodontic indications

Fig. 1. On the left, the Tübingen ceramic implant...

Fig. 1. On the left, the Tübingen ceramic implant; on the right, the Frialit stepped-screw implant. The transgingival part with the cervical groove of the Tübingen implant has been removed in the Frialit implant; this part is now replaced by a mirror-polished transgingival portion of the Frialit abutment; all the intraosseous portion of the implant has now a thread and is shaped like the origi...

Table 4 Analysis of the statistical tests : Peri-i...

IM vs. CG Insertion Prosthetic treatment 1st year after prosthetic treatment 2nd year after prosthetic treatment ...

Table 3 Formula for the CBD : Peri-implant bone ch...

Implant diameter and length Formula for the calculation of the CBD (CBD = coronal bone defect) (DD = defect depth) 3.8 × 13 mm CBD = DD + 5 mm 3.8 × 15 mm CBD = DD + 7 mm All other diameters CBD = DD + 3.2 mm   Table 3 Formula for the CBD

Table 2 Number and dimension of the implants : Per...

  Length (mm) Diameter 10 13 15 3.8 mm 0 ...

Table 1 Distribution of implants according to the ...

  Age (year) Gender 15–20 21–40 41–60 61–75 Fe...

About this article : Peri-implant bone changes in ...

Gomez-Roman, G., Launer, S. Peri-implant bone changes in immediate and non-immediate root-analog stepped implants—a matched comparative prospective study up to 10 years. Int J Implant Dent 2, 15 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0048-0 Download citation Received: 03 November 2015 Accepted: 14 May 2016 Published: 23 May 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-...

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Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Author information : Peri-implant bone changes in ...

Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, University of Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, Tübingen, D-72076, Germanyᅟ German Gomez-Roman & Steffen Launer You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Correspondence to German Gomez-Roman.

Acknowledgements : Peri-implant bone changes in im...

The study was supported by the German Society of Research, Special research project 175, Implantology (DFG—Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Sonderforschungsbereich 175, Implantologie). The authors of this study express their appreciation to Dr. Detlef Axmann for the expert advice in statistics. GG-R conceived of the study and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the m...

References : Peri-implant bone changes in immediat...

Perry J, Lenchewski E. Clinical performance and 5-year retrospective evaluation of Frialit-2 implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2003;19(6):887–91. Quirynen M, Van Assche N, Botticelli D, Berglundh T. How does the timing of implant placement to extraction affect outcome? Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2007;22:203–26. Ortega-Martínez J, Pérez-Pascual T, Mareque-Bueno S, Hernández-Al...

References : Peri-implant bone changes in immediat...

Lsidor F. Clinical probing and radiographic assessment in relation to the histologic bone level at oral implants in monkeys. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997;8(4):255–64. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0501.1997.080402.x. Zechner W, Watzak G, Gahleitner A, Busenlechner D, Tepper G, Watzek G. Rotational panoramic versus intraoral rectangular radiographs for evaluation of peri-implant bone loss in the anterior a...

References : Peri-implant bone changes in immediat...

Brånemark P-I. Osseointegration and its experimental background. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50(3):399–410. Schulte W, Heimke G. Das Tübinger Sofortimplantat. Quintessenz. 1976;27(6):17–23. Cooper LF, Raes F, Reside G, Garriga JS, Tarrida LG, Wiltfang J, et al. Immediate provisionalization of dental implants placed in healed alvelar ridges and extraction sockets: a 5-year prospective evaluation....

Abbreviations : Peri-implant bone changes in immed...

coronal bone defect (part of the implant that has no contact to the bone; a calculated value) control group defect depth visible in the radiographs dots per inch immediate implant group interquartile range

Conclusions : Peri-implant bone changes in immedia...

The examination and comparison of the peri-implant bone situation in immediate implants and a control group of non-immediate implants that were matched following specific criteria over a long period of time (10 years) has shown statistically significant differences only at the time of insertion and for the Wilcoxon hypothesis in the second year after prosthetic treatment. In our study, immediate ...

Discussion : Peri-implant bone changes in immediat...

When Quirynen et al. did their review on how the time difference between extraction or tooth loss and implantation affects the success of the implant, no significant difference could be found [27]. They as well as Ortega-Martínez et al. clearly demand more studies evaluating the bone situation for the future [28]. This question was the motivation for our study.

Discussion : Peri-implant bone changes in immediat...

Studies that evaluate the peri-implant bone situation specifically in the Frialit 2 implant system were, among others, conducted by Krennmair et al. and Ricci et al. Krennmair et al. found a bone resorption of 1.4 ± 1.2 mm over their follow-up period [24], which compares to the results found in this study. Ricci et al. found a higher bone resorption of the crestal bone after a 5-year follow-...

Discussion : Peri-implant bone changes in immediat...

The fact that the used measurement protocol is reliable has been proven in former studies [7, 8]. The use of intraoral radiographs as well as panoramic radiographs is an accepted method for the peri-implant bone evaluation [11–13]. The radiographic distortions present in panoramic imaging are well known; however, according to several studies, panoramic images are suitable to assess the crestal ...

Discussion : Peri-implant bone changes in immediat...

The primary objective of this study was the assessment of the peri-implant bone situation in immediate implants over a long-term period up to 10 years and to compare it to the situation found in matched non-immediate implants because there are no similar studies published. The hypothesis was that both the immediate implantation and the implantation after a healing period using the Frialit 2 impla...

Results : Peri-implant bone changes in immediate a...

Comparing the medians (Fig. 9) of the IM and CG, a difference of 0.7 mm at the time of insertion is visible. The respective values were 0 mm for the CG and 0.7 mm for the IM group. While at the time the patients received their definite restorations, a difference of only 0.3 mm was recorded (0.9 mm for IM and 0.6 mm for CG). Over the years after definite restorations were emplaced, the medi...

Results : Peri-implant bone changes in immediate a...

The corresponding group of non-immediate implants was named the control group (CG) and analyzed the same way, and the results are shown in Fig. 7. Like the immediate implant group, the mean values for the CG mainly stayed stable. At the time of insertion, a value of 0.6 mm was found, which was a little smaller than the value found at the time of the prosthetic treatment (1.0 mm). The maximum v...

Results : Peri-implant bone changes in immediate a...

For the evaluation of the received data, immediate and non-immediate implants were first examined separately. The immediate implant (IM) group and its CBD plotted against the time, starting at the time of insertion, is shown in Fig. 6. One can see that the data are quite homogeneous. The arithmetic means of the CBD range from 1.0 to 1.9 mm, most of them lying between 1.1 and 1.5 mm. The lowes...

Methods : Peri-implant bone changes in immediate a...

After this, the data set was imported into the Excel program (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA 980526399, USA) for further breakdown. For the final examination of the observed values, the mesial and distal CBD was compared. Since there were no larger differences of the values, the mesial and distal CBD were averaged and this was used for further assessment. The gained results were visualized usi...

Methods : Peri-implant bone changes in immediate a...

The protocol used for measuring the distances in every radiograph was described by the author [6] and is outlined in Figs. 4 and 5. Crucial is the determination of a reliable reference line for every implant type. Rather than measuring only the bone level, the “coronal bone defect,” described by the author in 1995 [6], is assessed, which is the extent to which the part of the implant that is ...

Methods : Peri-implant bone changes in immediate a...

One hundred and thirty-three patients receiving 174 implants were selected: 87 immediate implants (IM) and as a matched group 87 implants that were inserted in healed bone (control group (CG)). The mean age of the patients in this study was 42 years, the youngest patient being 15 years old and the oldest 75 years at the time they received their implant. A gender and age distribution of all ins...

Methods : Peri-implant bone changes in immediate a...

All patients within this study were treated at the Dental School of the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen between the 22nd of February in 1991 and the 24th of October in 2005. Every patient received at least one Frialit implant. The study protocol of the study was approved by the German Society of Research (Sonderforschungsbereich 175 Implantologie). Informed consent was obtained from all pat...

Background : Peri-implant bone changes in immediat...

The present study was designed as a retrospective long-term study which compares the peri-implant bone situation of immediate implants and non-immediate implants as a control group (matched with specific criteria) using reliable measurement specifications [6–8]. The hypothesis was that both the immediate implantation and the implantation after a healing period using the Frialit 2 implant system ...

Background : Peri-implant bone changes in immediat...

The success of dental implants has become more and more predictable since Brånemark first observed what he later called osseointegration, in 1960 [1], meaning the direct structural and functional interlocking of the natural bone and titanium implant surfaces. With implantation becoming a predictable treatment for dental restorations, patients also have become more critical towards the esthetic ou...

Abstract : Peri-implant bone changes in immediate ...

The purpose of this retrospective long-term study was to evaluate the peri-implant bone changes in immediate implants and matched non-immediate implants as a control group using a specific and proven measurement protocol over a 10-year period, because there are no similar studies published. One hundred and thirty-three patients received 174 implants (immediate implants (IM) n = 87; control gr...

Fig. 6. Immunohistochemical staining of osteocalci...

Fig. 6. Immunohistochemical staining of osteocalcin (a) and collagen I (c) in sections from mini pigs mandible from 9M and IR osteocalcin (b) and collagen I (d). There were statistically significant differences to osteocalcin in 9M samples and no statistically significant differences to collagen I samples. Magnification: ×40 (a, b) and ×100 (c, d) Fig. 6. Immunohistochemical staining of ost...

Fig. 5. Representative photomicrographs of each th...

Fig. 5. Representative photomicrographs of each third of the peri-implant bone of IR experimental condition (H&E, ×40). a First third (cervical third). b Intermediate third. c Apical third. Note the edges of bone grooving present rounded contour, mainly in the last third Fig. 5. Representative photomicrographs of each third of the peri-implant bone of IR experimental condition (H&E, ×40). a...

Fig. 4. Representative photomicrographs of each th...

Fig. 4. Representative photomicrographs of each third of the peri-implant bone of 9M experimental condition (H&E, ×40). a First third (cervical third). b Intermediate third. c Apical third. Bone grooving with no altered contour Fig. 4. Representative photomicrographs of each third of the peri-implant bone of 9M experimental condition (H&E, ×40). a First third (cervical third). b Intermediat...

Fig. 3. Prothesis fixed installed on the three imp...

Fig. 3. Prothesis fixed installed on the three implants Fig. 3. Prothesis fixed installed on the three implants

Table 4 Data showing the expression of collagen I ...

  9M IR Third Mean Standard deviation Mean ...

Table 3 Data showing the expression of osteocalcin...

  9M IR Third Mean Standard deviation Mean ...

Table 2 Removal torque value (Ncm) of three implan...

Animal Mean Standard deviation Minimum Maximum 1 150.1 30.2 122.7 184.4 2 163.3 35.1 132.4 205.3 3 175.2 15.2 153.2 204.6 4 163.6 15.4 157.3 185.1 5 153.3 15.2 146.2 174.2 6 150.3 26.4 129.2 174.6   Table 2 Removal torque value (Ncm) of three implants removed after 9 months (9M) per animal

Table 1 Removal torque value (Ncm) of three implan...

Animal Mean Standard deviation Minimum Maximum 1 98.3 5.5 92.2 103.3 2 91.6 9.1 82.1 102.5 3 105.3 8.3 100.4 115.0 4 71.6 10.5 61.2 82.2 5 78.6 5.8 72.7 83.1 6 88.6 6.6 81 93.6   Table 1 Removal torque value (Ncm) of three implants immediate removed (IR) per animal

About this article : Twist removal of healed vs. n...

Silva, R.d., Passador, F. & Caria, P.H.F. Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed implants—a mechanical and histological study in mini pigs. Int J Implant Dent 2, 23 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0059-x Download citation Received: 27 April 2016 Accepted: 18 November 2016 Published: 25 November 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-016-0059-x

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Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Author information : Twist removal of healed vs. n...

FOP/UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil Ricardo de Oliveira Silva & Paulo Henrique Ferreira Caria CPG São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brasil Fabrício Passador You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Correspondence to Ricardo de Oliveira Silva.

Acknowledgements : Twist removal of healed vs. non...

We would like to thank Mario Perussi for supplying us with the customized system, implants, and prosthetic components, Dentifix®, FESB, veterinary professors Rafael Rodrigues and Alexander Correa Borghesan, and CAPES for the scholarship and financial support. ROS conceived the study, held surgical procedures, and drafted the manuscript. FP did the preparation and helped in reading the histologic...

References : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed...

Yun H-M, Ahn S-J, Park K-R, Kim M-J, Kim J-J, Jin G-Z, et al. Magnetic nanocomposite scaffolds combined with static magnetic field in the stimulation of osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation. Biomaterials [Internet]. 2016;85:88–98. [cited 2016 Feb 10] Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961216000491. Download references

References : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed...

Aubin JE, Liu F, Malaval L, Gupta AK. Osteoblast and chondroblast differentiation. Bone [Internet]. 1995;17(2):S77–83. [cited 2015 Dec 30] Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/875632829500183E. Mariano M. Minisuíno (minipig) na pesquisa biomédica experimental. O Minipig br1. Acta Cirúrgica Bras. 2003;18(5):387–91. Herring SW. How can animal models answer clinic...

References : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed...

Piattelli A, Scarano A, Piattelli M. Microscopical aspects of failure in osseointegrated dental implants: a report of five cases. Biomaterials [Internet]. 1996;17(12):1235–41. [cited 2015 Oct 5] Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0142961296849441. Stajčić Z, Stojčev Stajčić LJ, Kalanović M, Đinić A, Divekar N, Rodić M, et al. Removal of dental implants: re...

References : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed...

Assenza B, Scarano A, Perrotti V, Vozza I, Quaranta A, Quaranta M, et al. Peri-implant bone reactions around immediately loaded conical implants with different prosthetic suprastructures: Histological and histomorphometrical study on minipigs. Clin Oral Investig. 2010;14(3):285–90. Sasaki H, Koyama S, Yokoyama M, Yamaguchi K, Itoh M SK. Bone metabolic activity around dental implants under loadi...

References : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed...

Glauser R, Sailer I, Wohlwend A, Studer S, Schibli M, Schärer P. Experimental zirconia abutments for implant-supported single-tooth restorations in esthetically demanding regions: 4-year results of a prospective clinical study. Int J Prosthodont [Internet]. 2004;17(3):285–90. [cited 2015 Oct 6] Available from: http://www.mendeley.com/catalog/experimental-zirconia-abutments-implantsupported-sing...

References : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed...

Brånemark PI. Osseointegration and its experimental background. J Prosthet Dent. 1983;50(3):399–410. Chiapasco M, Gatti C. Immediate loading of dental implants placed in revascularized fibula free flaps: a clinical report on 2 consecutive patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2015;19(6):906–12. Shemtov-Yona K, Rittel D. On the mechanical integrity of retrieved dental implants. J Mech Be...

Conclusion : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed...

Implant removal torque should be higher to remove implants with long-time installation than implants removed immediately after installation. Although, removal torque causes microscopical fractures and smooth on the peri-implant bone grooves, it does not compromised the bone healing.

Discussion : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed...

According to Christenson R.H. [24], the bone structure, metabolism, and regulation are reflected by markers of resorption, formation, and/or turnover. Among the markers of bone resorption is the type 1 collagen degradation and maker of bone formation: Osteocalcin. Bone formation markers derive from the osteoblastic activity, formed during the different stages of osteoblasts proliferation, differen...

Discussion : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed...

In order to better use a model which reproduce the natural conditions of dental implant in action, minipigs (BR-1) have been used in this study [44], the nonprimate animal model that is most appropriate for the study of human mastication [45] and commonly used in research because suine and human share important anatomic and physiologic characteristics [46, 47]. The osseointegration process is qui...

Discussion : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed...

Dental implant revolutionized oral rehabilitation, becoming the natural teeth replacement by a titanium implant, a successful alternative to treat total or partial edentulism [14, 26, 27]. Nowadays, dental implants are definitely a current procedure in many dental offices [3, 28, 29]. Despite the long-term success shown by different studies [14, 30], implant failure is inevitable [31–33]. Since,...

Results : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed im...

Duplicate sections of peri-impant bone were obtained from each implant sample to evaluate the percentage of stained areas in order to differentiate markers of collagen I and osteocalcin within both experimental conditions (Fig. 6). The highest collagen I expression values were observed at the IR experimental condition, and osteocalcin expression was higher at the 9M. There was a statistically si...

Results : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed im...

No remarkable complications were found during the healing period. At sacrifice, all 18 implants fixed after 9 months were considered successfully integrated at the time of the removal and none showed any mobility or signal of infection at sacrifice. There was no difference in the healing between animals who had the implants immediately removed after installation, and animal whose implants were re...

Materials and methods : Twist removal of healed vs...

Hematoxylin-eosin-stained section images were digitized and analyzed in order to recognize the presence of native bone tissue by the presence of osteocyte lacunae-containing cells and the newly formed bone tissue recognized by the absence of lacunae. Also, the characteristics of peri-implant bone, presence or absence of bone fractures, and the shape and contour of bone grooving resultant of the tr...

Materials and methods : Twist removal of healed vs...

The mandibles were sectioned into left and right segments, and each peri-implant bone was sectioned again to individualize them. Each peri-implant bone block was fixed in buffered formalin solution, pH 7.0, for 6 days, demineralized in 10% formic acid, and dehydrated through progressing alcohol concentrations and paraffin-embedded. Paraffin blocks were sectioned at 7-μm thick mounted on poly-l-...

Materials and methods : Twist removal of healed vs...

This study was approved by the University Animal Ethics Committee-CEUA/UNICAMP-(Campinas, SP) (no.2730-1/12). Six adult male mini pigs (BR-1 mini pigs, São Paulo, Brazil) with ~36 months old and weighed ~55 kg were used in the experiment. The mini pigs were kept in the Experimental Center of the Veterinary Faculty (FESB-Bragança Paulista, SP) and were allowed to adapt to the environment 1 wee...

Introduction : Twist removal of healed vs. nonheal...

Many authors investigated bone reactions around dental implants [17–21]. What happens in the peri-implant bone implants removed is not reported in scientific articles. This study evaluated the peri-implant bone after his immediate removal and after 9 months of osseointegration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the peri-implant bone after dental implant removal.

Introduction : Twist removal of healed vs. nonheal...

Since the discovery of osseointegration by Branemark in Sweden in 1960, where found that when titanium screws left undisturbed in bone, the osteocytes grow in close apposition to the titanium surfaces and provide firm anchorage. This discovery was successfully applied in dental and craniofacial reconstructive surgery in 1965 [1, 2]. Dental implants became a common procedure in the modern dental tr...

Abstract : Twist removal of healed vs. nonhealed i...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of removal torque (reverse torque) of titanium implants in peri-implant bone. The P1-M1 teeth were extracted bilaterally of 6 mini pigs (BR-1). Each animal received 6 titanium implants, three for each side of mandible. On the right side of mandible, 3 implants reminded 9 months (9M) under masticatory activity and on the left side, other 3 im...

Fig. 1. Flow diagram : Implant decontamination wit...

Fig. 1. Flow diagram Fig. 1. Flow diagram

Table 5 Average differences in BoP, SoP, and PPD b...

Outcome variable Crude modela β (95% CI) p value Adjusted modelb β (95% CI) p-value % Sites BoP ...

Table 4 Descriptive statistics of clinical paramet...

  Control Test T0 (n = 22) T3 (n = 20) T0 (n = 31) T3 (n = 30) ...

Table 3 Log-transformed mean bacterial anaerobic c...

N = 47a Total anaerobic bacterial load Log-transformed mean (SD)   T0 T3 Difference β (95% CI)b p value Control ...

Table 2 Log-transformed mean bacterial anaerobic c...

N = 40a Total anaerobic bacterial load Log-transformed mean (SD)   Tpre Tpost Difference β (95% CI)b p value ...

Table 1 Characteristics of included patients/impla...

Characteristics Control Test Number of patients 14 14 ...

About this article : Implant decontamination with ...

Hentenaar, D.F.M., De Waal, Y.C.M., Strooker, H. et al. Implant decontamination with phosphoric acid during surgical peri-implantitis treatment: a RCT. Int J Implant Dent 3, 33 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0091-5 Download citation Received: 28 March 2017 Accepted: 22 June 2017 Published: 17 July 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0091-5

Rights and permissions : Implant decontamination w...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Implant decontamination with...

Diederik F. M. Hentenaar, Yvonne C. M. de Waal, Hans Strooker, Henny J. A. Meijer, Arie-Jan van Winkelhoff, and Gerry M. Raghoe declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : Implant decontamination with ...

Correspondence to Gerry M. Raghoebar.

Author information : Implant decontamination with ...

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands Diederik F. M. Hentenaar, Henny J. A. Meijer & Gerry M. Raghoebar Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Yvonne C. M. De Waal, Hans Strooker, He...

References : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

Van Winkelhoff AJ, van Steenbergen TJ, Kippuw N, De Graaff J. Further characterization of Bacteroides endodontalis, an asaccharolytic black-pigmented Bacteroides species from the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol. 1985;22:75–9. Zambon JJ. Periodontal diseases: microbial factors. Ann Periodontol. 1996;1:879–925. Héritier M. Effects of phosphoric acid on root dentin surface. A scanning and transm...

References : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

Htet M, Madi M, Zakaria O, Miyahara T, Xin W, Lin Z, Aoki K, Kasugai S. Decontamination of anodized implant surface with different modalities for peri-implantitis treatment: lasers and mechanical debridement with citric acid. J Periodontol. 2016;87:953–61. Mouhyi J, Sennerby L, Van Reck J. The soft tissue response to contaminated and cleaned titanium surfaces using CO2 laser, citric acid and hy...

References : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Worthington HV. Treatment of peri-implantitis: what interventions are effective? A Cochrane systematic review. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2012;5:21–41. Louropoulou A, Slot DE, Van der Weijden F. The effects of mechanical instruments on contaminated titanium dental implant surfaces: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:1149–60. Ramanauskaite A, Daugela P, F...

References : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

Lang NP, Berglundh T, Working Group 4 of Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. Periimplant diseases: where are we now?—Consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(Suppl):11,178–181. Derks J, Tomasi C. Peri-implant health and disease. A systematic review of current epidemiology. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42:158–71. Derks J, Schaller D, Hå...

Abbreviations : Implant decontamination with phosp...

Gerry Raghoebar Diederik Hentenaar Yvonne de Waal

Conclusions : Implant decontamination with phospho...

Implant surface decontamination is considered a highly susceptible step in the treatment of peri-implantitis. The application of 35% phosphoric acid after mechanical debridement is superior to mechanical debridement combined with sterile saline rinsing for decontamination of the implant surface during surgical peri-implantitis treatment. However, phosphoric acid as implant surface decontaminant do...

Discussion : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

Recent studies that zoom in on titanium surface physico-chemistry reveal interesting results [38, 39]. Kotsakis et al. [38] hypothesized that chemical residues alter the titanium surface physicochemistry and subsequently compromise cellular response to these decontaminated surfaces. However, they report on effective restoring of biocompatibility when sterile saline, citric acid, and EDTA/sodium hy...

Discussion : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

Phosphoric acid gel as agent for implant surface decontamination has only been investigated in two other clinical studies [26, 27]. Strooker et al. [26] used phosphoric acid 35% for peri-implant supportive therapy and found greater reductions in bacterial load, but no significant clinical differences compared to conventional mechanical supportive therapy. They concluded that local application of 3...

Discussion : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the effect of 35% phosphoric etching gel on decontamination of the implant surface during resective surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Both decontamination procedures (mechanical debridement with curettes and gauzes combined with phosphoric acid 35% and mechanical debridement combined with sterile saline) resulted in a significant immediate ...

Results : Implant decontamination with phosphoric ...

The progress of patients throughout the different phases of the study is illustrated in Fig. 1. Table 1 depicts the baseline demographic patient and implant characteristics. The included patients had a total of 128 implants of which 53 implants showed signs of peri-implantitis. Different implant brands and types with different implant surfaces were present, including Straumann (Straumann AG, Bas...

Methods : Implant decontamination with phosphoric ...

Angular bony defects were eliminated, and bone was recontoured using a rotating round bur under saline irrigation. Mucosal flaps were apically positioned and firmly sutured (Vicryl Plus® 3-0; Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA), and suprastructures were re-positioned. For both control and test group, surgery was followed by 2 weeks of mouth rinsing with 0.12% CHX + 0.05% CPC without alcohol t...

Methods : Implant decontamination with phosphoric ...

Implant mobility; Implants at which no position could be identified where proper probing measurements could be performed; Previous surgical treatment of the peri-implantitis lesions. The study protocol was based on the study protocols of two previous studies evaluating the decontaminating effect of chlorhexidine during surgical peri-implantitis treatment [10, 32] and is briefly described below....

Methods : Implant decontamination with phosphoric ...

The present study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of 35% phosphoric etching gel (test group) compared to the effect of saline (control group) for implant surface decontamination combined with mechanical debridement during surgical peri-implantitis treatment. Patients were randomly assigned to the test or control group using a one-to-one allocation ratio. The stu...

Background : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

Thus far, the use of phosphoric acid etching gel as decontaminating agent has not been evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. The aim of the present randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the short-term microbiological and clinical effectiveness of 35% phosphoric etching gel as a decontaminating agent of the implant surface during resective surgical treatment of peri-implantitis.

Background : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

Triggered host defense responses initiate inflammation of the peri-implant soft tissue (peri-implant mucositis), which can lead to loss of peri-implant supporting bone (peri-implantitis), and eventually, result in implant failure [1]. An increasing prevalence of peri-implantitis has been described in recent literature [2], with current incidence ranging from 1 to 47%. A non-linear, accelerating pa...

Abstract : Implant decontamination with phosphoric...

Peri-implantitis is known as an infectious disease that affects the peri-implant soft and hard tissue. Today, scientific literature provides very little evidence for an effective intervention protocol for treatment of peri-implantitis. The aim of the present randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the microbiological and clinical effectiveness of phosphoric acid as a decontaminating agent of th...

Fig. 5. Change in BoP values according to the perc...

Fig. 5. Change in BoP values according to the percentage of sites with a score of 1, 2 or 3 by visit Fig. 5. Change in BoP values according to the percentage of sites with a score of 1, 2 or 3 by visit

Fig. 4. Percentages of sites with PPD 1–3, 4–5...

Fig. 4. Percentages of sites with PPD 1–3, 4–5 and ≥6 mm by visit (p 

Fig. 3. Changes in BoP values between baseline and...

Fig. 3. Changes in BoP values between baseline and the various examination time points Fig. 3. Changes in BoP values between baseline and the various examination time points

Fig. 2. Changes in PPD values between baseline and...

Fig. 2. Changes in PPD values between baseline and the various examination time points Fig. 2. Changes in PPD values between baseline and the various examination time points

Fig. 1. A chitosan brush (LBC, BioClean®, LABRIDA...

Fig. 1. A chitosan brush (LBC, BioClean®, LABRIDA AS) seated in an oscillating dental handpiece Fig. 1. A chitosan brush (LBC, BioClean®, LABRIDA AS) seated in an oscillating dental handpiece

Table 3 Level of crown margin at the different tim...

  Baseline n = 306 2 weeks n = 272 4 weeks n = 267 12 weeks n = 282 24 weeks n = 294 P ...

Table 2 Demographics by center : A novel non-surgi...

Center Oslo Jonkoping Rome Stavanger Kristianstad Tons...

About this article : A novel non-surgical method f...

Wohlfahrt, J.C., Evensen, B.J., Zeza, B. et al. A novel non-surgical method for mild peri-implantitis- a multicenter consecutive case series. Int J Implant Dent 3, 38 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0098-y Download citation Received: 08 April 2017 Accepted: 13 July 2017 Published: 03 August 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0098-y

Rights and permissions : A novel non-surgical meth...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : A novel non-surgical method ...

J.C. Wohlfahrt is the inventor and patent holder of BioClean and is a shareholder in LABRIDA AS. B.J. Evensen, B. Zeza, H. Jansson, A. Pilloni, A.M. Roos-Jansåker, G.L. Di Tanna, A.M. Aass, M. Klepp and O.C. Koldsland state that there were no conflicts of interests during the undertaking of the study. Ethical approval was provided by the regional ethical review boards of each center (Norway: 201...

Author information : A novel non-surgical method f...

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar JCW, BJE, BZ, HJ, AP, AMR-J, AMA, MK and OCK par...

Author information : A novel non-surgical method f...

Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Pb. 1109 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway J. C. Wohlfahrt, A. M. Aass & O. C. Koldsland Private Practice, Tønsberg, Norway B. J. Evensen Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, Section of Periodontology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy B. Zeza & A. Pilloni Center for Oral Health, Departmen...

References : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Salvi GE, et al. Reversibility of experimental peri-implant mucositis compared with experimental gingivitis in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(2):182–90. Korsch M, Obst U, Walther W. Cement-associated peri-implantitis: a retrospective clinical observational study of fixed implant-supported restorations using a methacrylate cement. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(7):797–802. Download ...

References : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Muthukuru M, et al. Non-surgical therapy for the management of peri-implantitis: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(Suppl 6):77–83. Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Worthington HV. Treatment of peri-implantitis: what interventions are effective? A Cochrane systematic review. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2012;5(Suppl):S21–41. Armitage GC, Xenoudi P. Post-treatment supportive care for the n...

References : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Rokn A, et al. Prevalence of peri-implantitis in patients not participating in well-designed supportive periodontal treatments: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(3):314–9. Faggion CM Jr, et al. A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on non-surgical treatments for peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2014;41(10):1015–25. Me...

References : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Koldsland OC, Scheie AA, Aass AM. Prevalence of peri-implantitis related to severity of the disease with different degrees of bone loss. J Periodontol. 2010;81(2):231–8. Roos-Jansaker AM, et al. Nine- to fourteen-year follow-up of implant treatment. Part II: presence of peri-implant lesions. J Clin Periodontol. 2006;33(4):290–5. Derks J, et al. Effectiveness of implant therapy analyzed in a ...

Conclusions : A novel non-surgical method for mild...

In this multicenter case series of implants affected by mild peri-implantitis, significant reductions in the clinical parameters of inflammation were demonstrated at all time points after the initial treatment with a chitosan brush. The use of an oscillating chitosan device appears to be safe and has potential merits for the treatment of mild peri-implantitis and for the maintenance of dental impl...

Discussion : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

The chitosan brush used in this study is made of a material that is soft with the aim to make a device optimized for removal of the biofilm within the implant threads. The soft bristles on the contrary make the device suboptimal for removal of hard deposits, such as calculus and cement remnants. It has been reported that such cement remnants are a common finding around dental implants [41], and in...

Discussion : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

In the present study, significant reductions were observed in the clinical parameters of peri-implant inflammation at 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks relative to baseline after debridement with the chitosan brush seated in an oscillating dental drill piece. No progression in radiographic bone loss was reported at any of the implants at the final evaluation, and the method was thus judged safe to use in cas...

Discussion : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Identifying peri-implant disease at an early stage and promptly treating the inflammatory condition is crucial to prevent the progression of peri-implant bone loss and ensure long-term implant survival [23,24,25]. After completion of active treatment and when the condition is controlled, supportive peri-implant therapy will reduce the risk of disease re-occurrence [9]. A number of scientific repor...

Results : A novel non-surgical method for mild per...

During this study, all 63 implants were reported to have stable radiographic levels of osseous support as validated by the six different local examiners. No adverse events were reported during the study.

Results : A novel non-surgical method for mild per...

In total, 63 implants in 63 patients were ultimately included in the analysis. Demographic information is presented in Tables 1 and 2. Significant reductions in both PPD and mBoP were seen at all time points relative to the baseline clinical measurements (p 

Case presentation : A novel non-surgical method fo...

Mann-Whitney rank sum tests were used to compare changes in the clinical parameters between baseline and subsequent time points. To assess the hierarchical structure of the data (center > patient > site), a linear mixed model using the restricted maximum likelihood method (multilevel logistic models for binary outcomes) was constructed to analyse the PPD, mBoP and suppuration, adjusting for fac...

Case presentation : A novel non-surgical method fo...

All patient-related information and clinical recordings were recorded in a web-based clinical research form (VieDoc version 3.24, PCG solutions, Uppsala, Sweden). Patients under 18 years of age; current smokers; patients who had undergone radiotherapy in the head and neck region, chemotherapy or systemic long-term corticosteroid treatment; patients who were pregnant or nursing; patients receivin...

Case presentation : A novel non-surgical method fo...

A 6-month multicenter prospective consecutive case series was performed in six different periodontal specialist clinics in Norway, Sweden and Italy. Ethical approval was provided by the regional ethical review boards of each center (Norway: 2014/852/REK sør-øst; Italy: Sapienza 2011/15, 3547; and Sweden: EPN Lund 2014/695.) Fifteen patients at each center were planned to be included in the stud...

Background : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

A number of other studies also report that leaving fragments of the instrument on the implant surface or scratching the surface may impede optimal peri-implant healing [17,18,19,20]. Chitosan is a marine biopolymer which is based on chitin derived from the shells of marine crustaceans. The material has been approved for use in surgical bandages, as a haemostatic agent and as a dietary supplement ...

Background : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Inflammation and loss of attachment around dental implants (i.e. peri-implantitis) has become a growing concern within the field of dental implantology [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Peri-implantitis is a microbial infection-driven soft tissue inflammation with loss of bony attachment around an implant. Peri-implant mucositis is the precursor of peri-implantitis, as gingivitis is for periodontitis [8]. It is cl...

Abstract : A novel non-surgical method for mild pe...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect on peri-implant mucosal inflammation from the use of a novel instrument made of chitosan in the non-surgical treatment of mild peri-implantitis across several clinical centers. In this 6-month multicenter prospective consecutive case series performed in six different periodontal specialist clinics, 63 implants in 63 patients were finally inc...

Fig. 2. Clinical image of patient 4: a region 21 b...

Fig. 2. Clinical image of patient 4: a region 21 before implant placement. b, c Implant placement using the GBR procedure with a synthetic bone substitute material composed of HA + β-TCP Fig. 2. Clinical image of patient 4: a region 21 before implant placement. b, c Implant placement using the GBR procedure with a synthetic bone substitute material composed of HA + β-TCP

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the technical ...

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the technical characteristics of the investigated C-Tech Esthetic Line implant system (provided by the manufacturer) Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the technical characteristics of the investigated C-Tech Esthetic Line implant system (provided by the manufacturer)

Table 2 Results from the clinical and radiological...

Patient Implant-localization (region) Implant loss (+/−) Buccal width of keratinized peri-implant gingiva (mm) Buccal thickness of keratinized peri-implant gi...

Table 1 Participating patients and the number and ...

Patient Gender (m/f) Age (years) Implant localization (region) Implant diameter (mm) ...

About this article : Investigation of peri-implant...

Lorenz, J., Lerner, H., Sader, R.A. et al. Investigation of peri-implant tissue conditions and peri-implant tissue stability in implants placed with simultaneous augmentation procedure: a 3-year retrospective follow-up analysis of a newly developed bone level implant system. Int J Implant Dent 3, 41 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0104-4 Download citation Received...

Rights and permissions : Investigation of peri-imp...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Investigation of peri-implan...

This study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the approval of the ethics committee required for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt. The procedures to be performed were explained in detail, and the patients signed the consent form. Jonas Lorenz, Henriette Lerner, Robert Sader, an...

Author information : Investigation of peri-implant...

Department for Oral, FORM-Lab, Cranio-Maxillofacial, and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Jonas Lorenz, Robert A. Sader & Shahram Ghanaati HL-Dentclinic, Baden-Baden, Germany Henriette Lerner You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in ...

References : Investigation of peri-implant tissue ...

Lerner H, Lorenz J, Sader R, Ghanaati S. Two-year retrospective study of periimplant health and periimplant bone stability after immediate implant placement of a newly developed bone level implant system—a first report. EDI Journal (European Association of Dental Implantologists, Teamwork Media); 2017; ahead of print. Ghanaati S, Lorenz J, Obreja K, Choukroun J, Landes C, Sader R. Nanocrystalli...

References : Investigation of peri-implant tissue ...

Gurgel BC, Montenegro SC, Dantas PM, Pascoal AL, Lima KC, Calderon PD. Frequency of peri-implant diseases and associated factors. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016; doi: 10.1111/clr.12944 Qian J, Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T. Reasons for marginal bone loss around oral implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14(6):792–807. Berglundh T, Lindhe J, Ericsson I, Marinello C, Liljenberg B, Thomsen P....

Abbreviations : Investigation of peri-implant tiss...

β-tricalcium phosphate Bleeding on probing Fixed prosthetics Guided bone regeneration Hydroxyapatite Multinucleated giant cells Pink Esthetic Score Removable prosthetics

Conclusions : Investigation of peri-implant tissue...

In the present study, the implant and peri-implant hard- and soft-tissue stability was analyzed in a bone level implant system placed simultaneously with a GBR procedure 3 years after prosthetic loading. Peri-implant hard- and soft-tissue parameters such as width and thickness of peri-implant keratinized gingiva, probing depth, BOP, PES, peri-implant bone loss, and the presence of peri-implant os...

Discussion : Investigation of peri-implant tissue ...

Comparing the present results to the aforementioned study with the same implant system on immediately placed implants, it seems that the GBR augmentation procedure has no influence on the long-term stability of the implants. In both studies with different placement modalities and protocols, comparable clinical and radiological results were achieved. This leads to the assumption that the investigat...

Discussion : Investigation of peri-implant tissue ...

The tissue reaction, however, did not only differ in bone substitute materials of different origin but also in bone substitute materials of the same origin. In an in vivo trial, two xenogeneic bone substitute materials processed with different techniques were implanted subcutaneously in CD-1 mice for up to 60 days. Both bone substitute materials showed good integration within the peri-implant tis...

Discussion : Investigation of peri-implant tissue ...

In the present retrospective study, C-Tech bone level implants placed simultaneously with a GBR procedure around the implant shoulder were investigated clinically and radiologically after at least 3 years of loading to assess peri-implant tissue conditions and document peri-implant tissue stability. A total of 47 implants were placed in the upper (23 implants) and lower jaw (24 implants) of 20 p...

Results : Investigation of peri-implant tissue con...

Investigation of the esthetic appearance via PES revealed a mean point score of 10.1 (ranging from 7 to 13) from a maximum of 14. The highest values and therefore acceptance were found in the alveolar process deficiency and the soft-tissue level, which can be interpreted as a benefit of the augmentation procedure around the implant shoulder. Peri-implant bone loss calculated using the average bon...

Results : Investigation of peri-implant tissue con...

Altogether, 47 implants were placed in the upper and lower jaws of a total of 20 patients. In all implants, lateral augmentation in a GBR process was performed simultaneously with implant placement due to reduced horizontal or vertical height of the alveolar crest. A total of 23 implants were placed in the upper jaw and 24 implants in the lower jaw. The implant diameter varied between 3.5 mm (32 ...

Methods : Investigation of peri-implant tissue con...

Investigation parameters: Implant being in situ Width and thickness of peri-implant keratinized gingiva Pink Esthetic Score (PES) Probing depth BOP Peri-implant bone loss Presence of peri-implant osteolysis

Methods : Investigation of peri-implant tissue con...

In the present retrospective study, bone level implants (C-Tech Esthetic Line implants) were investigated clinically and radiologically. The bone level implant system has a Morse-locking conical implant-abutment connection with platform switching and an indexing hex that allows subcrestal implant placement and aims to prevent peri-implant bone loss. The surface of the implant system is manufacture...

Methods : Investigation of peri-implant tissue con...

In the present retrospective study, 47 dental implants (C-Tech Esthetic Line implants) from 20 patients (11 female, 9 male) with a mean age of 58.5 years (45–75 years) were analyzed clinically and radiologically. Implant placement and follow-up investigation was performed at the HL Dentclinic in Baden-Baden, Germany. The study was approved by the ethics commission of the medical department of ...

Background : Investigation of peri-implant tissue ...

The aim of the present retrospective investigation was to assess clinically and radiologically peri-implant tissue conditions and document peri-implant tissue stability in C-Tech implants when placed simultaneously with a GBR augmentation procedure after at least 3 years of loading.

Background : Investigation of peri-implant tissue ...

The ability of bone substitute materials to form a sufficient and stable implantation bed has been proven in numerous clinical trials; however, it is still to a certain degree unclear if the different tissue reactions have an impact on the establishment of a peri-implant infection, especially when these biomaterials are used for augmentations around the implant shoulder. Due to the two-stage desig...

Background : Investigation of peri-implant tissue ...

The prevalence of peri-implantitis has grown in the past few years and has become a major issue in implant dentistry. Long-term stable and healthy soft- and hard-tissue conditions should be achieved in combination with esthetically and functionally satisfying results. However, the rising number of placed implants in the past decades has come with an increase in the prevalence of peri-implantitis [...

Abstract : Investigation of peri-implant tissue co...

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been proven to be a reliable therapy to regenerate missing bone in cases of atrophy of the alveolar crest. The aim of the present retrospective analysis was to assess peri-implant tissue conditions and document peri-implant tissue stability in C-Tech implants when placed simultaneously with a GBR augmentation procedure. A total of 47 implants, which were placed ...

Fig. 6. Postoperative intraoral finding and radiog...

Fig. 6. Postoperative intraoral finding and radiograph Fig. 6. Postoperative intraoral finding and radiograph

Fig. 5. High p53, p63, and Ki-67 reactivity are al...

Fig. 5. High p53, p63, and Ki-67 reactivity are also observed in the basal cell layer (immunohistological staining, bar 400 μm) Fig. 5. High p53, p63, and Ki-67 reactivity are also observed in the basal cell layer (immunohistological staining, bar 400 μm)

Fig. 4. Immunohistological findings show a negativ...

Fig. 4. Immunohistological findings show a negative staining mosaic pattern for keratin 13 (k13) and positive staining for keratin 17 (k17) (immunohistological staining, bar 400 μm) Fig. 4. Immunohistological findings show a negative staining mosaic pattern for keratin 13 (k13) and positive staining for keratin 17 (k17) (immunohistological staining, bar 400 μm)

Fig. 3. Pathological microscopic examination revea...

Fig. 3. Pathological microscopic examination reveals thickened squamous epithelia with slight nuclear atypism and disorders of the epithelial rete pegs accompanied by moderate grade inflammatory cell infiltration (HE staining, bar: 400 μm) Fig. 3. Pathological microscopic examination reveals thickened squamous epithelia with slight nuclear atypism and disorders of the epithelial rete pegs a...

Fig. 2. Panoramic radiograph shows slight vertical...

Fig. 2. Panoramic radiograph shows slight vertical bone resorption around the implants in the right side of the mandible Fig. 2. Panoramic radiograph shows slight vertical bone resorption around the implants in the right side of the mandible

Fig. 1. Well-circumscribed gingival swelling on th...

Fig. 1. Well-circumscribed gingival swelling on the lingual side of the right side of the mandible Fig. 1. Well-circumscribed gingival swelling on the lingual side of the right side of the mandible

Table 1 Summary of immunohistochemical findings of...

Antibody Sorce Clone Staining Keratin 13 DAKO DE-K13 ...

About this article : Primary peri-implant oral int...

Noguchi, M., Tsuno, H., Ishizaka, R. et al. Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis. Int J Implant Dent 3, 47 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0109-z Download citation Received: 15 March 2017 Accepted: 25 October 2017 Published: 16 November 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186...

Rights and permissions : Primary peri-implant oral...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Primary peri-implant oral in...

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. Makoto Nogchi, Hiroaki Tsuno, Risa Ishizaka, Kumiko Fujiwara, Shuichi Imaue, and Kei Tomihara declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : Primary peri-implant oral int...

Correspondence to Makoto Noguchi.

Author information : Primary peri-implant oral int...

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama city, Toyama, 9300194, Japan Makoto Noguchi, Hiroaki Tsuno, Risa Ishizaka, Kumiko Fujiwara, Shuichi Imaue & Kei Tomihara Department of Diagnosis Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, Univers...

References : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epith...

Vasilescu F, Ceauşu M, Tänsen C, et al. P53, p63 and ki-67 assessment in HPV-induced cervical neoplasia. RJME. 2009;50:357–61. Ndiaye C, Mena M, Alemany L, et al. HPV DNA, E6/E7 mRNA, and p16INK4a detection in head and neck cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:1319–31. Nagy K, Sonkodi I, Szöke I, et al. The microflora associated with human oral carcinoma. ...

References : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epith...

Sah JP, Johnson NW, Batsakis JG. Oral cancer. London: Informa Healthcare; 2011. p. 3–32. Japan Society for Oral Tumors. General rules for clinical and pathological studies on oral cancer. 1st ed. Tokyo: Kanehara-shuppan Co; 2010. p. 44–7. Laprise C, Shahl HP, Madathil SA, et al. Periodontal diseases and risk of oral cancer in Southern India: results from the HeNCe Life Study. Int J Cancer. 2...

Abbreviations : Primary peri-implant oral intra-ep...

Deoxyribonucleic acid Human papilloma virus Oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ Squamous cell carcinoma

Conclusions : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epit...

In our case, the persistence of peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis around the dental implant was implicated as being a plausible risk factor for carcinogenesis. Regular follow-up to ensure the maintenance of oral hygiene after dental implant therapy has again been shown to be important for preventing peri-implantitis, a plausible risk factor for carcinogenesis.

Case presentation : Primary peri-implant oral intr...

The latest evidence implies that the human papilloma virus (HPV) may be responsible for carcinogenesis in the oral cavity [12, 13]; however, its role is debatable. The interaction of the HPV’s E6 and E7 oncoproteins with cell cycle proteins disturbs the cell cycle mechanism and subsequent alteration in the expression of proteins such as p53, p63, and Ki-67 [14]. In our case, the immunohistochemi...

Case presentation : Primary peri-implant oral intr...

OIN/CIS can sometimes be difficult to distinguish pathologically from epithelial dysplasia on hematoxylin- and eosin-staining sections; this has proved challenging for oral pathologists [9]. Recently, it has been reported that combined immunohistochemistry for k13 and k17 was useful for the differential diagnosis [9, 10]. K13 is a marker for cellular differentiation toward prickle cells in normal ...

Case presentation : Primary peri-implant oral intr...

A 65-year-old woman was referred to our clinic with a tumor in the right lower gingiva. Her medical history included breast cancer without metastatic lesion, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. She had taken orally aspirin, amlodipine, pravastatin, and bepotastine for 2 years. She drank alcohol socially, but she had no history of tobacco smoking habit. About 10 years prior to h...

Background : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epith...

Oral cancer ranks sixth among the malignancies in terms of worldwide prevalence, with more than 90% being pathologically squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [1]. Oral SCC generally develops via multistep carcinogenesis. The squamous epithelium goes into irreversible change, including epithelial dysplasia and oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in-situ (OIN/CIS) [2], finally resulting in the develo...

Abstract : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithel...

In this case, prolonged peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis may have been a plausible risk factor for carcinogenesis.

Abstract : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithel...

Major risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are tobacco smoking, a betel quid chewing habit, and heavy alcohol consumption. However, around 15% of oral SCCs cannot be explained by these risk factors. Although oral SCC associated with dental implants is quite rare, there has been a recent gradual accumulation of reports about it. Here, we report a case of primary peri-implant oral int...

Table 5 Implant failure rates : Mucositis, peri-im...

  Failure rate n Univariate analyses Multivariate analyses OR (95% CI) P OR ...

Table 4 Risk factors for peri-implantitis : Mucosi...

  Peri-implantitis n Univariate analyses Multivariate analyses   OR (95% CI) P ...

Table 3 Risk factors for mucositis : Mucositis, pe...

  Mucositis n Univariate analyses Multivariate analyses OR (95% CI) P OR ...

Table 2 Observation period (patient and implant re...

Years Patients (total) GCP patients GAP patients Implants (total) Implants maxilla ...

Table 1 Implants in study population : Mucositis, ...

  GCP GAP Patient 24 5 Sex ...

About this article : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, ...

Mengel, R., Heim, T. & Thöne-Mühling, M. Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and survival and success rates of oxide-coated implants in patients treated for periodontitis 3- to 6-year results of a case-series study. Int J Implant Dent 3, 48 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0110-6 Download citation Received: 29 August 2017 Accepted: 26 October 2017 Published: 28 Novemb...

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Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Mucositis, peri-implantitis,...

RM is a professor at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg/Lahn, Germany. TH is a private practicioner in Gruben, Brandenburg, Germany. MT is a researcher at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg/Lahn, Germany. This clinical study was conducted in accordance with the World Medical A...

Author information : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, ...

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg/Lahn, Germany Reiner Mengel & Miriam Thöne-Mühling Gruben, Brandenburg, Germany Theresa Heim You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this au...

References : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

Kim K-K, Sung H-M. Outcomes of dental implant treatment in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis: a systematic review. J Adv Prosthodont. 2012;4:210–7. Pettersson K, Mengel R. Comments on the statistical analysis of the paper by Albouy et al comparing four different types of implants with respect to ‘spontaneous’ progression of peri-implantitis. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2011;1:9...

References : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

Kinane DF, Radvar M. The effect of smoking on mechanical and antimicrobial periodontal therapy. J Periodontol. 1997;69:467–72. Swierkot K, Lottholz P, Flores-de-Jacoby L, Mengel R. Mucositis, peri-implantitis, implant success, and survival of implants in patients with treated generalized aggressive periodontitis: 3- to 16-year results of a prospective long-term cohort study. J Periodontol. 2012...

References : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

Jungner M, Lundqvist P, Lundgren S. A retrospective comparison of oxidized and turned implants with respect to implant survival, marginal bone level and peri-implant soft tissue conditions after at least 5 years in function. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2014;16:230–7. Rocci A, Rocci M, Rocci C, Scoccia A, Gargari M, Martignoni M, Gottlow J, Sennerby L. Immediate loading of Brånemark system TiU...

References : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

Esposito M, Ardebili Y, Worthington HV. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants. Cochrane Database Sys Rev. 2014;7:CD003815. Salata LA, Burgos PM, Rasmusson L, Novaes AB, Papalexiou V, Dahlin C, Sennerby L. Osseointegration of oxidized and turned implants in circumferential bone defects with and without adjunctive therapies: an experimental study on BMP-2 and...

Conclusions : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and sur...

The results of the present case series study should be interpreted in a critical light because of the small study population. However, it can be concluded that periodontally diseased subjects treated in a supportive periodontal therapy can be successfully rehabilitated with oxide-coated dental implants for a follow-up period of 3 to 6 years. The results suggest that implants in the maxilla and in...

Discussion : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

These results from long-term clinical studies indicate that oxide-coated implants achieve equivalent survival rates and prevalence of mucositis and peri-implantitis when compared to implants with other surface characteristics. They support the assumption that the implant surface has little influence on the development of mucositis or peri-implantitis. This was subsequently confirmed in a Cochrane ...

Discussion : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

The present study examines the success rates of oxide-coated implants in subjects with treated periodontal disease. Several long-term clinical studies on periodontally healthy subjects have revealed survival rates of 97.1 to 99.2% for oxide-coated implants [10, 24, 25]. The results of the present study show a comparable implant survival rate (96.2% in GAP and 97.1% in GCP subjects) for subjects wi...

Discussion : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

The present study examines the success rates of oxide-coated implants in subjects with treated periodontal disease. Several long-term clinical studies on periodontally healthy subjects have revealed survival rates of 97.1 to 99.2% for oxide-coated implants [10, 24, 25]. The results of the present study show a comparable implant survival rate (96.2% in GAP and 97.1% in GCP subjects) for subjects wi...

Results : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surviva...

The univariate analyses showed a significantly higher risk for peri-implantitis in GAP subjects (OR = 3.294 with p = 0.027) and at implants with bone quality grade 3 (OR = 21.200 with p = 0.000). However, these differences were not significant in multivariate analyses. Both the uni- and multivariate patient-related analyses were non-significant. The implant success rate was 77.9% for GCP...

Results : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surviva...

All 29 subjects were examined over the period of 3 to 6 years (Table 2). For the duration of the observation period, all the remaining teeth were periodontally healthy, with PDs ≤ 3 mm and negative BOP. All subjects were non-smokers, had excellent oral hygiene, attended the follow-up examinations on a regular basis, and had no systemic disease. In total, four implants (3.1%) were lost du...

Materials and methods : Mucositis, peri-implantiti...

Peri-implant mucositis was defined as PDs ≥ 5 mm with BOP and no bone loss after the first year of loading. Peri-implantitis was defined as PDs > 5 mm with or without BOP and an annual bone loss of > 0.2 mm after the first year of loading. All technical and surgical complications (e.g., fracture of the abutment screw or superstructure, compromised wound healing) were recorded. T...

Materials and methods : Mucositis, peri-implantiti...

All patients received a supportive periodontal therapy at the Dental School of Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg, in the course of the observation period. The first clinical examination was 2 to 4 weeks before the non-retainable teeth were extracted. The periodontally healthy residual dentition and the implants were evaluated immediately after the superstructure was inserted. Subsequently, t...

Materials and methods : Mucositis, peri-implantiti...

Second-stage surgery was performed in the maxilla after 6 months and in the mandible after 3 months. Implant placement and second-stage surgery were performed by a single periodontist (R.M.). About 4 weeks after the final abutments were placed, GCP subjects were rehabilitated with single crowns, implant-supported bridges, or removable superstructures, according to the Marburg double crown syst...

Materials and methods : Mucositis, peri-implantiti...

A total of 29 partially edentulous subjects were consecutively recruited from the Dental School of Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany between April 2010 and April 2013 (Table 1). Subjects were excluded for the following reasons: history of systemic disease (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis), pregnancy, untreated caries, current orthodontic treatment, con...

Background : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

The aim of this long-term clinical study on partially edentulous subjects treated for periodontal disease was to evaluate the prevalence of mucositis and peri-implantitis and to determine the survival and success rates of dental implants with oxide-coated surfaces.

Background : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

In recent years, a great number of different implant systems varying in materials, surface structure, and macroscopic design have been introduced to the dental market [1]. In studies using implants with modified surfaces, it was concluded that rough surfaces induce a stronger initial bone response, achieve stability more rapidly, and integrate more fully with extant bone [2,3,4,5,6]. Dental implan...

Abstract : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surviv...

The aim of this case-series study is to evaluate the prevalence of mucositis, peri-implantitis, and survival and success rates of oxide-coated implants in subjects treated for periodontitis. Twenty-four subjects treated for generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and five treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) were orally rehabilitated with a total of 130 dental implants. Subjects...

Fig. 5. Change in BoP values according to the perc...

Fig. 5. Change in BoP values according to the percentage of sites with a score of 1, 2 or 3 by visit Fig. 5. Change in BoP values according to the percentage of sites with a score of 1, 2 or 3 by visit

Fig. 4. Percentages of sites with PPD 1–3, 4–5...

Fig. 4. Percentages of sites with PPD 1–3, 4–5 and ≥6 mm by visit (p 

Fig. 3. Changes in BoP values between baseline and...

Fig. 3. Changes in BoP values between baseline and the various examination time points Fig. 3. Changes in BoP values between baseline and the various examination time points

Fig. 2. Changes in PPD values between baseline and...

Fig. 2. Changes in PPD values between baseline and the various examination time points Fig. 2. Changes in PPD values between baseline and the various examination time points

Fig. 1. A chitosan brush (LBC, BioClean®, LABRIDA...

Fig. 1. A chitosan brush (LBC, BioClean®, LABRIDA AS) seated in an oscillating dental handpiece Fig. 1. A chitosan brush (LBC, BioClean®, LABRIDA AS) seated in an oscillating dental handpiece

Table 3 Level of crown margin at the different tim...

  Baseline n = 306 2 weeks n = 272 4 weeks n = 267 12 weeks n = 282 24 weeks n = 294 P ...

Table 2 Demographics by center : A novel non-surgi...

Center Oslo Jonkoping Rome Stavanger Kristianstad Tons...

Table 1 Demographics : A novel non-surgical method...

Variable Number (%) SD Range (min; max) Gender (female/male) 45/18 (71.4/28.6)  ...

About this article : A novel non-surgical method f...

Wohlfahrt, J.C., Evensen, B.J., Zeza, B. et al. A novel non-surgical method for mild peri-implantitis- a multicenter consecutive case series. Int J Implant Dent 3, 38 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0098-y Download citation Received: 08 April 2017 Accepted: 13 July 2017 Published: 03 August 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0098-y

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Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : A novel non-surgical method ...

J.C. Wohlfahrt is the inventor and patent holder of BioClean and is a shareholder in LABRIDA AS. B.J. Evensen, B. Zeza, H. Jansson, A. Pilloni, A.M. Roos-Jansåker, G.L. Di Tanna, A.M. Aass, M. Klepp and O.C. Koldsland state that there were no conflicts of interests during the undertaking of the study. Ethical approval was provided by the regional ethical review boards of each center (Norway: 201...

Author information : A novel non-surgical method f...

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar JCW, BJE, BZ, HJ, AP, AMR-J, AMA, MK and OCK par...

Author information : A novel non-surgical method f...

Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Pb. 1109 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway J. C. Wohlfahrt, A. M. Aass & O. C. Koldsland Private Practice, Tønsberg, Norway B. J. Evensen Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, Section of Periodontology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy B. Zeza & A. Pilloni Center for Oral Health, Departmen...

References : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Salvi GE, et al. Reversibility of experimental peri-implant mucositis compared with experimental gingivitis in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(2):182–90. Korsch M, Obst U, Walther W. Cement-associated peri-implantitis: a retrospective clinical observational study of fixed implant-supported restorations using a methacrylate cement. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(7):797–802. Download ...

References : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Muthukuru M, et al. Non-surgical therapy for the management of peri-implantitis: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(Suppl 6):77–83. Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Worthington HV. Treatment of peri-implantitis: what interventions are effective? A Cochrane systematic review. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2012;5(Suppl):S21–41. Armitage GC, Xenoudi P. Post-treatment supportive care for the n...

References : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Rokn A, et al. Prevalence of peri-implantitis in patients not participating in well-designed supportive periodontal treatments: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(3):314–9. Faggion CM Jr, et al. A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials on non-surgical treatments for peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2014;41(10):1015–25. Me...

References : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Koldsland OC, Scheie AA, Aass AM. Prevalence of peri-implantitis related to severity of the disease with different degrees of bone loss. J Periodontol. 2010;81(2):231–8. Roos-Jansaker AM, et al. Nine- to fourteen-year follow-up of implant treatment. Part II: presence of peri-implant lesions. J Clin Periodontol. 2006;33(4):290–5. Derks J, et al. Effectiveness of implant therapy analyzed in a ...

Conclusions : A novel non-surgical method for mild...

In this multicenter case series of implants affected by mild peri-implantitis, significant reductions in the clinical parameters of inflammation were demonstrated at all time points after the initial treatment with a chitosan brush. The use of an oscillating chitosan device appears to be safe and has potential merits for the treatment of mild peri-implantitis and for the maintenance of dental impl...

Conclusions : A novel non-surgical method for mild...

In this multicenter case series of implants affected by mild peri-implantitis, significant reductions in the clinical parameters of inflammation were demonstrated at all time points after the initial treatment with a chitosan brush. The use of an oscillating chitosan device appears to be safe and has potential merits for the treatment of mild peri-implantitis and for the maintenance of dental impl...

Discussion : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

The chitosan brush used in this study is made of a material that is soft with the aim to make a device optimized for removal of the biofilm within the implant threads. The soft bristles on the contrary make the device suboptimal for removal of hard deposits, such as calculus and cement remnants. It has been reported that such cement remnants are a common finding around dental implants [41], and in...

Discussion : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

In the present study, significant reductions were observed in the clinical parameters of peri-implant inflammation at 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks relative to baseline after debridement with the chitosan brush seated in an oscillating dental drill piece. No progression in radiographic bone loss was reported at any of the implants at the final evaluation, and the method was thus judged safe to use in cas...

Discussion : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Identifying peri-implant disease at an early stage and promptly treating the inflammatory condition is crucial to prevent the progression of peri-implant bone loss and ensure long-term implant survival [23,24,25]. After completion of active treatment and when the condition is controlled, supportive peri-implant therapy will reduce the risk of disease re-occurrence [9]. A number of scientific repor...

Results : A novel non-surgical method for mild per...

During this study, all 63 implants were reported to have stable radiographic levels of osseous support as validated by the six different local examiners. No adverse events were reported during the study.

Results : A novel non-surgical method for mild per...

In total, 63 implants in 63 patients were ultimately included in the analysis. Demographic information is presented in Tables 1 and 2. Significant reductions in both PPD and mBoP were seen at all time points relative to the baseline clinical measurements (p 

Case presentation : A novel non-surgical method fo...

Mann-Whitney rank sum tests were used to compare changes in the clinical parameters between baseline and subsequent time points. To assess the hierarchical structure of the data (center > patient > site), a linear mixed model using the restricted maximum likelihood method (multilevel logistic models for binary outcomes) was constructed to analyse the PPD, mBoP and suppuration, adjusting for fac...

Case presentation : A novel non-surgical method fo...

All patient-related information and clinical recordings were recorded in a web-based clinical research form (VieDoc version 3.24, PCG solutions, Uppsala, Sweden). Patients under 18 years of age; current smokers; patients who had undergone radiotherapy in the head and neck region, chemotherapy or systemic long-term corticosteroid treatment; patients who were pregnant or nursing; patients receivin...

Case presentation : A novel non-surgical method fo...

A 6-month multicenter prospective consecutive case series was performed in six different periodontal specialist clinics in Norway, Sweden and Italy. Ethical approval was provided by the regional ethical review boards of each center (Norway: 2014/852/REK sør-øst; Italy: Sapienza 2011/15, 3547; and Sweden: EPN Lund 2014/695.) Fifteen patients at each center were planned to be included in the stud...

Background : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

A number of other studies also report that leaving fragments of the instrument on the implant surface or scratching the surface may impede optimal peri-implant healing [17,18,19,20]. Chitosan is a marine biopolymer which is based on chitin derived from the shells of marine crustaceans. The material has been approved for use in surgical bandages, as a haemostatic agent and as a dietary supplement ...

Background : A novel non-surgical method for mild ...

Inflammation and loss of attachment around dental implants (i.e. peri-implantitis) has become a growing concern within the field of dental implantology [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Peri-implantitis is a microbial infection-driven soft tissue inflammation with loss of bony attachment around an implant. Peri-implant mucositis is the precursor of peri-implantitis, as gingivitis is for periodontitis [8]. It is cl...

Abstract : A novel non-surgical method for mild pe...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect on peri-implant mucosal inflammation from the use of a novel instrument made of chitosan in the non-surgical treatment of mild peri-implantitis across several clinical centers. In this 6-month multicenter prospective consecutive case series performed in six different periodontal specialist clinics, 63 implants in 63 patients were finally inc...

Fig. 6. Postoperative intraoral finding and radiog...

Fig. 6. Postoperative intraoral finding and radiograph Fig. 6. Postoperative intraoral finding and radiograph

Fig. 5. High p53, p63, and Ki-67 reactivity are al...

Fig. 5. High p53, p63, and Ki-67 reactivity are also observed in the basal cell layer (immunohistological staining, bar 400 μm) Fig. 5. High p53, p63, and Ki-67 reactivity are also observed in the basal cell layer (immunohistological staining, bar 400 μm)

Fig. 4. Immunohistological findings show a negativ...

Fig. 4. Immunohistological findings show a negative staining mosaic pattern for keratin 13 (k13) and positive staining for keratin 17 (k17) (immunohistological staining, bar 400 μm) Fig. 4. Immunohistological findings show a negative staining mosaic pattern for keratin 13 (k13) and positive staining for keratin 17 (k17) (immunohistological staining, bar 400 μm)

Fig. 3. Pathological microscopic examination revea...

Fig. 3. Pathological microscopic examination reveals thickened squamous epithelia with slight nuclear atypism and disorders of the epithelial rete pegs accompanied by moderate grade inflammatory cell infiltration (HE staining, bar: 400 μm) Fig. 3. Pathological microscopic examination reveals thickened squamous epithelia with slight nuclear atypism and disorders of the epithelial rete pegs a...

Fig. 2. Panoramic radiograph shows slight vertical...

Fig. 2. Panoramic radiograph shows slight vertical bone resorption around the implants in the right side of the mandible Fig. 2. Panoramic radiograph shows slight vertical bone resorption around the implants in the right side of the mandible

Fig. 1. Well-circumscribed gingival swelling on th...

Fig. 1. Well-circumscribed gingival swelling on the lingual side of the right side of the mandible Fig. 1. Well-circumscribed gingival swelling on the lingual side of the right side of the mandible

Table 1 Summary of immunohistochemical findings of...

Antibody Sorce Clone Staining Keratin 13 DAKO DE-K13 ...

About this article : Primary peri-implant oral int...

Noguchi, M., Tsuno, H., Ishizaka, R. et al. Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ: a case report considering risk factors for carcinogenesis. Int J Implant Dent 3, 47 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0109-z Download citation Received: 15 March 2017 Accepted: 25 October 2017 Published: 16 November 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186...

Rights and permissions : Primary peri-implant oral...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Primary peri-implant oral in...

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.Makoto Nogchi, Hiroaki Tsuno, Risa Ishizaka, Kumiko Fujiwara, Shuichi Imaue, and Kei Tomihara declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Ethics declarations : Primary peri-implant oral in...

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. Makoto Nogchi, Hiroaki Tsuno, Risa Ishizaka, Kumiko Fujiwara, Shuichi Imaue, and Kei Tomihara declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : Primary peri-implant oral int...

Correspondence to Makoto Noguchi.

Author information : Primary peri-implant oral int...

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama city, Toyama, 9300194, Japan Makoto Noguchi, Hiroaki Tsuno, Risa Ishizaka, Kumiko Fujiwara, Shuichi Imaue & Kei Tomihara Department of Diagnosis Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, Univers...

References : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epith...

Vasilescu F, Ceauşu M, Tänsen C, et al. P53, p63 and ki-67 assessment in HPV-induced cervical neoplasia. RJME. 2009;50:357–61. Ndiaye C, Mena M, Alemany L, et al. HPV DNA, E6/E7 mRNA, and p16INK4a detection in head and neck cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:1319–31. Nagy K, Sonkodi I, Szöke I, et al. The microflora associated with human oral carcinoma. ...

References : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epith...

Sah JP, Johnson NW, Batsakis JG. Oral cancer. London: Informa Healthcare; 2011. p. 3–32. Japan Society for Oral Tumors. General rules for clinical and pathological studies on oral cancer. 1st ed. Tokyo: Kanehara-shuppan Co; 2010. p. 44–7. Laprise C, Shahl HP, Madathil SA, et al. Periodontal diseases and risk of oral cancer in Southern India: results from the HeNCe Life Study. Int J Cancer. 2...

Abbreviations : Primary peri-implant oral intra-ep...

Deoxyribonucleic acid Human papilloma virus Oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ Squamous cell carcinoma

Conclusions : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epit...

In our case, the persistence of peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis around the dental implant was implicated as being a plausible risk factor for carcinogenesis. Regular follow-up to ensure the maintenance of oral hygiene after dental implant therapy has again been shown to be important for preventing peri-implantitis, a plausible risk factor for carcinogenesis.

Case presentation : Primary peri-implant oral intr...

The latest evidence implies that the human papilloma virus (HPV) may be responsible for carcinogenesis in the oral cavity [12, 13]; however, its role is debatable. The interaction of the HPV’s E6 and E7 oncoproteins with cell cycle proteins disturbs the cell cycle mechanism and subsequent alteration in the expression of proteins such as p53, p63, and Ki-67 [14]. In our case, the immunohistochemi...

Case presentation : Primary peri-implant oral intr...

OIN/CIS can sometimes be difficult to distinguish pathologically from epithelial dysplasia on hematoxylin- and eosin-staining sections; this has proved challenging for oral pathologists [9]. Recently, it has been reported that combined immunohistochemistry for k13 and k17 was useful for the differential diagnosis [9, 10]. K13 is a marker for cellular differentiation toward prickle cells in normal ...

Case presentation : Primary peri-implant oral intr...

A 65-year-old woman was referred to our clinic with a tumor in the right lower gingiva. Her medical history included breast cancer without metastatic lesion, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. She had taken orally aspirin, amlodipine, pravastatin, and bepotastine for 2 years. She drank alcohol socially, but she had no history of tobacco smoking habit. About 10 years prior to h...

Background : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epith...

Oral cancer ranks sixth among the malignancies in terms of worldwide prevalence, with more than 90% being pathologically squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [1]. Oral SCC generally develops via multistep carcinogenesis. The squamous epithelium goes into irreversible change, including epithelial dysplasia and oral intra-epithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in-situ (OIN/CIS) [2], finally resulting in the develo...

Abstract : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithel...

In this case, prolonged peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis may have been a plausible risk factor for carcinogenesis.

Abstract : Primary peri-implant oral intra-epithel...

Major risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are tobacco smoking, a betel quid chewing habit, and heavy alcohol consumption. However, around 15% of oral SCCs cannot be explained by these risk factors. Although oral SCC associated with dental implants is quite rare, there has been a recent gradual accumulation of reports about it. Here, we report a case of primary peri-implant oral int...

Table 5 Implant failure rates : Mucositis, peri-im...

  Failure rate n Univariate analyses Multivariate analyses OR (95% CI) P OR ...

Table 4 Risk factors for peri-implantitis : Mucosi...

  Peri-implantitis n Univariate analyses Multivariate analyses   OR (95% CI) P ...

Table 3 Risk factors for mucositis : Mucositis, pe...

  Mucositis n Univariate analyses Multivariate analyses OR (95% CI) P OR ...

Table 2 Observation period (patient and implant re...

Years Patients (total) GCP patients GAP patients Implants (total) Implants maxilla ...

Table 1 Implants in study population : Mucositis, ...

  GCP GAP Patient 24 5 Sex ...

About this article : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, ...

Mengel, R., Heim, T. & Thöne-Mühling, M. Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and survival and success rates of oxide-coated implants in patients treated for periodontitis 3- to 6-year results of a case-series study. Int J Implant Dent 3, 48 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-017-0110-6 Download citation Received: 29 August 2017 Accepted: 26 October 2017 Published: 28 Novemb...

Rights and permissions : Mucositis, peri-implantit...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were...

Ethics declarations : Mucositis, peri-implantitis,...

RM is a professor at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg/Lahn, Germany. TH is a private practicioner in Gruben, Brandenburg, Germany. MT is a researcher at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg/Lahn, Germany. This clinical study was conducted in accordance with the World Medical A...

Author information : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, ...

Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg/Lahn, Germany Reiner Mengel & Miriam Thöne-Mühling Gruben, Brandenburg, Germany Theresa Heim You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this au...

References : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

Kim K-K, Sung H-M. Outcomes of dental implant treatment in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis: a systematic review. J Adv Prosthodont. 2012;4:210–7. Pettersson K, Mengel R. Comments on the statistical analysis of the paper by Albouy et al comparing four different types of implants with respect to ‘spontaneous’ progression of peri-implantitis. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2011;1:9...

References : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

Kinane DF, Radvar M. The effect of smoking on mechanical and antimicrobial periodontal therapy. J Periodontol. 1997;69:467–72. Swierkot K, Lottholz P, Flores-de-Jacoby L, Mengel R. Mucositis, peri-implantitis, implant success, and survival of implants in patients with treated generalized aggressive periodontitis: 3- to 16-year results of a prospective long-term cohort study. J Periodontol. 2012...

References : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

Jungner M, Lundqvist P, Lundgren S. A retrospective comparison of oxidized and turned implants with respect to implant survival, marginal bone level and peri-implant soft tissue conditions after at least 5 years in function. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2014;16:230–7. Rocci A, Rocci M, Rocci C, Scoccia A, Gargari M, Martignoni M, Gottlow J, Sennerby L. Immediate loading of Brånemark system TiU...

References : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

Esposito M, Ardebili Y, Worthington HV. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants. Cochrane Database Sys Rev. 2014;7:CD003815. Salata LA, Burgos PM, Rasmusson L, Novaes AB, Papalexiou V, Dahlin C, Sennerby L. Osseointegration of oxidized and turned implants in circumferential bone defects with and without adjunctive therapies: an experimental study on BMP-2 and...

Conclusions : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and sur...

The results of the present case series study should be interpreted in a critical light because of the small study population. However, it can be concluded that periodontally diseased subjects treated in a supportive periodontal therapy can be successfully rehabilitated with oxide-coated dental implants for a follow-up period of 3 to 6 years. The results suggest that implants in the maxilla and in...

Discussion : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

These results from long-term clinical studies indicate that oxide-coated implants achieve equivalent survival rates and prevalence of mucositis and peri-implantitis when compared to implants with other surface characteristics. They support the assumption that the implant surface has little influence on the development of mucositis or peri-implantitis. This was subsequently confirmed in a Cochrane ...

Discussion : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

The present study examines the success rates of oxide-coated implants in subjects with treated periodontal disease. Several long-term clinical studies on periodontally healthy subjects have revealed survival rates of 97.1 to 99.2% for oxide-coated implants [10, 24, 25]. The results of the present study show a comparable implant survival rate (96.2% in GAP and 97.1% in GCP subjects) for subjects wi...

Results : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surviva...

The univariate analyses showed a significantly higher risk for peri-implantitis in GAP subjects (OR = 3.294 with p = 0.027) and at implants with bone quality grade 3 (OR = 21.200 with p = 0.000). However, these differences were not significant in multivariate analyses. Both the uni- and multivariate patient-related analyses were non-significant. The implant success rate was 77.9% for GCP...

Results : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surviva...

All 29 subjects were examined over the period of 3 to 6 years (Table 2). For the duration of the observation period, all the remaining teeth were periodontally healthy, with PDs ≤ 3 mm and negative BOP. All subjects were non-smokers, had excellent oral hygiene, attended the follow-up examinations on a regular basis, and had no systemic disease. In total, four implants (3.1%) were lost du...

Materials and methods : Mucositis, peri-implantiti...

Peri-implant mucositis was defined as PDs ≥ 5 mm with BOP and no bone loss after the first year of loading. Peri-implantitis was defined as PDs > 5 mm with or without BOP and an annual bone loss of > 0.2 mm after the first year of loading. All technical and surgical complications (e.g., fracture of the abutment screw or superstructure, compromised wound healing) were recorded. T...

Materials and methods : Mucositis, peri-implantiti...

All patients received a supportive periodontal therapy at the Dental School of Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg, in the course of the observation period. The first clinical examination was 2 to 4 weeks before the non-retainable teeth were extracted. The periodontally healthy residual dentition and the implants were evaluated immediately after the superstructure was inserted. Subsequently, t...

Materials and methods : Mucositis, peri-implantiti...

Second-stage surgery was performed in the maxilla after 6 months and in the mandible after 3 months. Implant placement and second-stage surgery were performed by a single periodontist (R.M.). About 4 weeks after the final abutments were placed, GCP subjects were rehabilitated with single crowns, implant-supported bridges, or removable superstructures, according to the Marburg double crown syst...

Materials and methods : Mucositis, peri-implantiti...

A total of 29 partially edentulous subjects were consecutively recruited from the Dental School of Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany between April 2010 and April 2013 (Table 1). Subjects were excluded for the following reasons: history of systemic disease (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis), pregnancy, untreated caries, current orthodontic treatment, con...

Background : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

The aim of this long-term clinical study on partially edentulous subjects treated for periodontal disease was to evaluate the prevalence of mucositis and peri-implantitis and to determine the survival and success rates of dental implants with oxide-coated surfaces.

Background : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surv...

In recent years, a great number of different implant systems varying in materials, surface structure, and macroscopic design have been introduced to the dental market [1]. In studies using implants with modified surfaces, it was concluded that rough surfaces induce a stronger initial bone response, achieve stability more rapidly, and integrate more fully with extant bone [2,3,4,5,6]. Dental implan...

Abstract : Mucositis, peri-implantitis, and surviv...

The aim of this case-series study is to evaluate the prevalence of mucositis, peri-implantitis, and survival and success rates of oxide-coated implants in subjects treated for periodontitis. Twenty-four subjects treated for generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and five treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) were orally rehabilitated with a total of 130 dental implants. Subjects...

Fig. 5. ROC analyses of PICF calprotectin and NTx ...

Fig. 5. ROC analyses of PICF calprotectin and NTx to predict peri-implant diseases. PICF samples were collected from sites with and without peri-implant diseases (n = 74). Calprotectin (a) and NTx (b) amounts in PICF samples were subjected to ROC curve analysis. AUC values for calprotectin and NTx amounts were 0.964 (95% CI = 0.913–0.996, P 

Fig. 4. Correlation between NTx amounts and PD or ...

Fig. 4. Correlation between NTx amounts and PD or BL rates. a The correlation between PICF NTx amounts and PD was evaluated in PICF samples from peri-implant disease and healthy groups (n = 74, ρ = 0.434, P 

Fig. 3. Relationship between PICF calprotectin amo...

Fig. 3. Relationship between PICF calprotectin amounts and PD or GI scores. a The relationship between PICF calprotectin amounts and PD was evaluated in PICF samples from peri-implant disease and healthy groups (n = 74, ρ = 0.709, P 

Fig. 2. Comparison of NTx levels in PICF. NTx amou...

Fig. 2. Comparison of NTx levels in PICF. NTx amounts (a) in PICF samples from peri-implant disease sites (n = 40, diseased) and non-diseased sites (n = 34, healthy) were measured by ELISA, and its concentration (b) was normalized by the volume of PICF. Horizontal bars show the mean values of each group. ‡P 

Fig. 1. Comparison of calprotectin levels in PICF....

Fig. 1. Comparison of calprotectin levels in PICF. PICF samples were collected from peri-implant disease sites (n = 40, diseased) and non-diseased sites (n = 34, healthy). Calprotectin amounts (a) were measured by ELISA, and its concentration (b) was normalized by the volume of PICF. Horizontal bars show the mean values of each group. *P 

Table 1 Characteristics of participants and examin...

Participants  Number of participants 35    Gender (male/female) 10:25    Age (y...

About this article : Calprotectin and cross-linked...

Sakamoto, E., Kido, R., Tomotake, Y. et al. Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen levels in crevicular fluid from implant sites with peri-implant diseases: a pilot study. Int J Implant Dent 4, 26 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0138-2 Download citation Received: 22 December 2017 Accepted: 25 May 2018 Published: 13 September 2018 DOI: h...

Rights and permissions : Calprotectin and cross-li...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : Calprotectin and cross-linke...

The present study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Tokushima University Hospital (nos. 2368 and 2719) in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 2013. Participants with peri-implants gave their written informed consent after receiving an explanation of this clinical study. Authors Eijiro Sakamoto, Rie Kido, Yoritoki Tomotake, Yoshihito Naitou, Yuichi Ishida and Jun-ichi Kido declare t...

Author information : Calprotectin and cross-linked...

Correspondence to Jun-ichi Kido.

Author information : Calprotectin and cross-linked...

Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan Eijiro Sakamoto, Rie Kido & Jun-ichi Kido Oral Implant Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan Yoritoki Tomotake & Yoshihito Naitou Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Institute of Biomedical S...

Acknowledgements : Calprotectin and cross-linked N...

We thank Dr. Toyoko Tajima (Oral Implant Center, Tokushima University Hospital) and Dr. Toshihiko Nagata, Dr. Koji Naruishi, Dr. Hiromichi Yumoto, Dr. Masami Ninomiya, Dr. Mika Bando, Dr. Yuji Inagaki, Dr. Chie Mihara, Dr. Takahisa Ikuta, Mr. Ryosuke Takagi, and Mr. Kohei Nonaka (Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School)...

References : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telop...

Download references

References : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telop...

Aboyoussef H, Carter C, Jandinski JJ, Panagakos FS. Detection of prostaglandin E2 and matrix metalloproteinases in implant crevicular fluid. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:689–96. Melo RF, Lopes BM, Shibli JA, Marcantonio E Jr, Marcantonio RA, Galli GM. Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 expression and gene polymorphisms in subjects with peri-implant disease. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res...

References : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telop...

Becerik S, Afacan B, Öztürk VÖ, Atmaca H, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid calprotectin, osteocalcin and cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide levels in health and different periodontal diseases. Dis Markers. 2011;31:343–52. Becerik S, Gürkan A, Afacan B, Özgen ÖV, Atmac H, Töz H, et al. Gingival crevicular fluid osteocalcin, N-terminal telopeptides, and calprotectin levels in cyclospo...

References : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telop...

Fagerhol MK, Andersson KB, Naess-Andersen CF, Brandtzaeg P, Dale I. Calprotectin (the L1 leukocyte protein). In: Smith UL, Dedman JR, editors. Stimulus response coupling: the role of intracellular calcium-binding proteins. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1990. p. 187–210. Stříž I, Trebichavský I. Calprotectin—a pleiotropic molecule in acute and chronic inflammation. Physiol Res. 2004;53:245–...

References : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telop...

Mombelli A, Müller N, Cionca N. The epidemiology of peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(Suppl 6):67–76. Figuero E, Graziani F, Sanz I, Herrera D, Sanz M. Management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Periodontol. 2000;2014(66):255–73. Hämmerle CHF, Glauser R. Clinical evaluation of dental implant treatment. Periodontol. 2000;2004(34):230–9. Heitz-Mayfield LJA....

Abbreviations : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-te...

Aspartate aminotransferase Bone loss Bleeding on probing Cumulative interceptive supportive therapy Gingival crevicular fluid Gingival index Cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen Interleukin-1β Matrix metalloproteinase-8 Nuclear factor-κB Cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen Osteocalcin Probing depth Peri-implant crevicular fluid Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand...

Conclusions : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telo...

Calprotectin and NTx in PICF are markers of inflammation and bone resorption in peri-implant tissues and may be useful diagnostic markers for peri-implant diseases.

Discussion : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telop...

Treatments for peri-implant diseases are selected by CIST [6], in which clinical indicators including PD, BOP, implant mobility, and BL on radiographs are used to diagnose peri-implant diseases. However, these clinical indicators are not considered to be sufficiently accurate or objective for the diagnosis of peri-implant diseases. Biomarkers in PICF contribute to the diagnosis of peri-implant dis...

Discussion : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telop...

We did not classify peri-implant diseases into peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in this pilot study. Peri-implant mucositis does not show BL, whereas peri-implantitis shows BL of more than 2.5 or 3 mm on intra-oral radiographs [39, 40]. Figuero et al. [2] introduced plural diagnostic criteria for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Rakic et al. [5] defined peri-implantitis as ...

Discussion : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telop...

Diagnostic studies on peri-implant diseases using biomarkers in PICF have been performing because clinical indicators do not necessarily lead to an accurate evaluation of peri-implant diseases [5, 7, 8, 32]. Calprotectin levels were significantly higher in periodontitis GCF than in healthy GCF, and thus, calprotectin is regarded as a useful inflammatory marker for periodontal diseases [16, 17, 19]...

Results : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telopept...

NTx amounts in PICF samples correlated with PD at PICF sampling sites (ρ = 0.434, P 

Results : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telopept...

Thirty-four of PICF samples were collected from healthy peri-implant sites and forty samples from diseased sites (Table 1). The mean PD in diseased sites was 4.70 mm, which was significantly deeper than that of healthy sites (2.32 mm). The mean GI score of diseased sites was 1.5, which was significantly higher than that of healthy sites. A significant difference was observed in the BOP-positive...

Methods : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telopept...

Calprotectin in PICF samples was determined using Calprotectin Human ELISA kit® (Hycult Biotech, PB Uden, the Netherlands) according to the instruction manual. Briefly, the extracted PICF solution was diluted to 100–200-fold using dilution buffer provided in the kit. The diluted PICF solution was added to wells coated with an antibody of human calprotectin and incubated at room temperature for ...

Methods : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telopept...

The present clinical study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Tokushima University Hospital (nos. 2368 and 2719) in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 2013 and performed from November 2016 to August 2017. Patients who received dental implants from 3 to 9 years ago, had healthy or diseased implants with peri-implant diseases, and visited at Tokushima University Hospital for the main...

Background : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telop...

Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) is an inflammation-related protein that is produced in leukocytes, macrophages/monocytes, and epithelial cells, and its level increases in several inflammatory diseases including ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystic fibrosis [14, 15]. Calprotectin was previously detected in GCF, and its level was significantly higher in GCF from periodontal disease site...

Background : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telop...

Dental treatments with implants are now being widely performed due to advances in the development of surgical procedures for dental implants and prosthodontics. However, the incidence of peri-implant diseases has been increasing with implant placement [1], and thus, the early detection of these diseases is important for maintaining dental implants. Peri-implant diseases with inflammation and the d...

Abstract : Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telopep...

Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) contains calprotectin and NTx, which are markers for inflammation and bone resorption, respectively. The aims of this pilot study were to compare calprotectin and NTx levels in PICF from implant sites with or without peri-implant diseases and to evaluate the usefulness of calprotectin and NTx as diagnostic markers for peri-implant diseases. Thirty-five patient...

Fig. 5. Box plot illustrating maximum PD reduction...

Fig. 5. Box plot illustrating maximum PD reduction between the grafted and non-grafted patient groups that did not reach a significant difference (p = 0.968) Fig. 5. Box plot illustrating maximum PD reduction between the grafted and non-grafted patient groups that did not reach a significant difference (p = 0.968)

Fig. 4. Box plot presenting mean BOP reduction bet...

Fig. 4. Box plot presenting mean BOP reduction between the two patient groups (grafted and non-grafted) with no significant difference (p = 0.778) Fig. 4. Box plot presenting mean BOP reduction between the two patient groups (grafted and non-grafted) with no significant difference (p = 0.778)

Fig. 3. Dumbbell—dot plots illustrating (a) dise...

Fig. 3. Dumbbell—dot plots illustrating (a) disease resolution and no resolution at non-grafted and grafted sites at the patient level analysis with no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.579). Patents with improvement, deterioration, and no improvement following the treatment based on the max PD changes are depicted; (b) disease resolution and no resolution at the implant...

Fig. 2. Box plot depicting no significant differen...

Fig. 2. Box plot depicting no significant differences of the baseline maximum PD values between the grafted and non-grafted patient groups (p = 0.353) Fig. 2. Box plot depicting no significant differences of the baseline maximum PD values between the grafted and non-grafted patient groups (p = 0.353)

Fig. 1. Combined surgical therapy of peri-implanti...

Fig. 1. Combined surgical therapy of peri-implantitis at respective defect sites: class I: intrabony component showing either a buccal dehiscency with a semicircular component (Ib) or a buccal dehiscency with a cicumferential component (Ic). Class II: supracrestal component. The red rectangles indicate the surface areas undergoing an implantoplasty, while the green areas indicate the defect area...

Table 4 Reduction of maximum PD (mm) : Clinical ou...

Group Patient level Implant level Mean SD Median ...

Table 3 Reduction of mean BOP (%) : Clinical outco...

Group Patient level Implant level mean SD median ...

Table 2 Disease resolution between the non-grafted...

  Non-grafted sites Grafted sites Total Patient level 7/29 (24.1%) 4/10 (40%) ...

Table 1 Implant site characteristics : Clinical ou...

  Non-grafted sites Grafted sites Implant number 41 16 Maxilla/mandible ...

About this article : Clinical outcomes following s...

Ramanauskaite, A., Becker, K., Juodzbalys, G. et al. Clinical outcomes following surgical treatment of peri-implantitis at grafted and non-grafted implant sites: a retrospective analysis. Int J Implant Dent 4, 27 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0135-5 Download citation Received: 28 November 2017 Accepted: 21 May 2018 Published: 09 August 2018 DOI: https://doi.o...

Rights and permissions : Clinical outcomes followi...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were m...

Ethics declarations : Clinical outcomes following ...

The study protocol was approved by the Heinrich-Heine University (Düsseldorf, Germany) ethics committee. Ausra Ramanauskaite, Kathrin Becker, Gintaras Juodzbalys, and Frank Schwarz declare that they have no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Author information : Clinical outcomes following s...

Department of Oral Surgery, Westdeutsche Kieferklinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany Ausra Ramanauskaite Clinic of Dental and Oral Pathology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania Ausra Ramanauskaite Department of Orthodontics, Westdeutsche Kieferklinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany Kathrin Becker De...

Funding : Clinical outcomes following surgical tre...

The study was self-funded by the authors’ own departments.

References : Clinical outcomes following surgical ...

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References : Clinical outcomes following surgical ...

Carcuac O, Derks J, Abrahamsson I, Wennström JL, Petzold M, Berglundh T. Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. 3-year results from a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2017;44(12):1294–303. Canullo L, Peñarrocha-Oltra D, Covani U, Botticelli D, Serino G, Penarrocha M. Clinical and microbiological findings in patients with peri-implantitis: a cross-sectional study. Cli...

References : Clinical outcomes following surgical ...

Lindhe J, Meyle J, Working Group D of European Workshop on Periodontology. Peri-implant diseases: Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35(Suppl 8):282–5. Lang NP, Berglundh T, Working Group 4 of Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. Periimplant diseases: where are we now?--Consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology....

Conclusions : Clinical outcomes following surgical...

Within the limitations of the current study, it was concluded that the effectiveness of combined surgical therapy of peri-implantitis was comparable at both grafted and non-grafted implant sites and was not influenced by the initial bone-grafting procedures.

Discussion : Clinical outcomes following surgical ...

The further evaluation of maximum PD reduction did not indicate a significant difference between the two groups (i.e., grafted vs. non-grafted), with the range of 1.57 to 2.20 mm at the patient level analysis and 1.31 to 2.10 mm at the implant level. These results are in concurrence with data from the previous studies, where mean PD reduction amounted from 0.74 to 2.55 mm [16], up to 3 [18], an...

Discussion : Clinical outcomes following surgical ...

According to the eighth European Workshop of Periodontology (EFP), evaluation of the effectiveness of different peri-implantitis therapies should be based on a composite outcome of disease resolution, including resolutions of mucosal inflammation, reductions in probing pocket depths, and no further bone loss [3]. The current retrospective clinical investigation evaluated treatment outcomes follow...

Results : Clinical outcomes following surgical tre...

At the implant level, BOP reduction was noted to be 74.96% (minimum 0%; maximum 100%) at grafted implant sites and 54.88% (minimum 0%; maximum 100%) at non-grafted implant sites. According to the results of the chi-square test, the mean BOP reduction did not differ significantly between the groups at either the patient (p = 0.778, df = 1, χ2 = 0.079) or the implant (p = 0.515, df...

Results : Clinical outcomes following surgical tre...

The present analysis was based on 39 patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis in 57 implants. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the grafting of the site: non-grafted implant sites (29 patients/41 implants) and grafted implant sites (10 patients/16 implants). The characteristics of the implant sites are presented in Table 1. In total, 26 implants (45.6%) were located in the max...

Methods : Clinical outcomes following surgical tre...

For all patients, the following clinical parameters were available: BOP (as measured within 60 s after probing) and PD (as measured in millimeters from the mucosal margin to the bottom of the probeable pocket). BOP and PD were assessed at six aspects around the implant: mesio-buccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-oral, mid-oral, and disto-oral. Maximum PD values (max PD) and mean BOP scores wer...

Methods : Clinical outcomes following surgical tre...

Peri-implantitis was defined as bleeding on probing (BOP) with or without suppuration (Supp) in addition to changes in the radiographic bone level. Interproximal bone level changes were estimated on intraoral radiographs. In the absence of available baseline radiographs taken at prosthesis installation, “a threshold vertical distance of 2 mm from the expected marginal bone level” was used to a...

Methods : Clinical outcomes following surgical tre...

For this retrospective analysis, standardized clinical record forms of a total of 39 partially/fully edentulous patients (25 female and 12 male) exhibiting 57 implants were screened. All patients had attended the Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany for the treatment of peri-implantitis between 2007 and 2010, and were under regular implant maintenance care. T...

Background : Clinical outcomes following surgical ...

Peri-implantitis is caused by a bacterial challenge and characterized by inflammation in the peri-implant soft tissues and a progressive loss of supporting bone [1, 2]. Consequently, its treatment is cause-related and primarily aimed at arresting disease progression [3]. Based on the currently available evidence, non-surgical mechanical debridement alone seems to have a limited efficacy for the m...

Abstract : Clinical outcomes following surgical tr...

This retrospective analysis aimed at comparing the clinical outcomes following combined surgical therapy of peri-implantitis at initially grafted and non-grafted (i.e., pristine) implant sites. A total of 39 patients exhibiting 57 implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis (i.e., 16 implants at grafted and 41 implants at non-grafted sites) were included. Each subject had received a combined (i.e., ...

Figure 2. Clinical image of patient 4

  Figure 2. Clinical image of patient 4: a region 21 before implant placement. b, c Implant placement using the GBR procedure with a synthetic bone substitute material composed of HA + β-TCP

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the technica...

    Figure 1. Schematic representation of the technical characteristics of the investigated C-Tech Esthetic Line implant system (provided by the manufacturer)

Table 2 Results from the clinical and radiological...

Patient Implant-localization (region) Implant loss (+/−) Buccal width of keratinized peri-implant gingiva (mm) Buccal thickness of keratinized peri-implant gingiva (mm) Pink Esthetic Score (PES) Probing depth (mm) at four sites (mb, db, mo, do) Bleeding on Probing (+/−) at four sites (mb, db, mo, do) Peri-implant bone loss (mm) Presence of peri-implant osteolysis (+/−) ...

Table 1 Participating patients and the number and ...

Patient Gender (m/f) Age (years) Implant localization (region) Implant diameter (mm) Implant length (mm) Augmentation material Prosthetic rehabilitation 1 f 50 32 3.5 13 HA + β-TCP r.p       34 4.3 11 HA + β-TCP r.p       42 3.5 13 HA + β-TCP r.p       44 4.3 11 HA + β-TCP r.p 2 m 61 36 3.5 11 HA + β-TCP ...

Discussion: Investigation of peri-implant in impla...

Abbreviations β-TCP: β-tricalcium phosphate BOP: Bleeding on probing F.P.: Fixed prosthetics GBR: Guided bone regeneration HA: Hydroxyapatite MNGCs: Multinucleated giant cells PES: Pink Esthetic Score R.P.: Removable prosthetics References Gurgel BC, Montenegro SC, Dantas PM, Pascoal AL, Lima KC, Calderon PD. Frequency o...

Discussion: Investigation of peri-implant in impla...

Comparing the present results to the aforementioned study with the same implant system on immediately placed implants, it seems that the GBR augmentation procedure has no influence on the long-term stability of the implants. In both studies with different placement modalities and protocols, comparable clinical and radiological results were achieved. This leads to the assumption that the inve...

Discussion: Investigation of peri-implant in impla...

The tissue reaction, however, did not only differ in bone substitute materials of different origin but also in bone substitute materials of the same origin. In an in vivo trial, two xenogeneic bone substitute materials processed with different techniques were implanted subcutaneously in CD-1 mice for up to 60 days. Both bone substitute materials showed good integration within the peri-impla...

Discussion: Investigation of peri-implant in impla...

Discussion In the present retrospective study, C-Tech bone level implants placed simultaneously with a GBR procedure around the implant shoulder were investigated clinically and radiologically after at least 3 years of loading to assess peri-implant tissue conditions and document peri-implant tissue stability. A total of 47 implants were placed in the upper (23 implants) and lower jaw (24...

Results: Investigation of peri-implant in implants

Results Altogether, 47 implants were placed in the upper and lower jaws of a total of 20 patients. In all implants, lateral augmentation in a GBR process was performed simultaneously with implant placement due to reduced horizontal or vertical height of the alveolar crest. A total of 23 implants were placed in the upper jaw and 24 implants in the lower jaw. The implant diameter varied between 3...

Methods: Investigation of peri-implant in implants...

C-Tech implant system In the present retrospective study, bone level implants (C-Tech Esthetic Line implants) were investigated clinically and radiologically. The bone level implant system has a Morse-locking conical implant-abutment connection with platform switching and an indexing hex that allows subcrestal implant placement and aims to prevent peri-implant bone loss. The surface of the implan...

Methods: Investigation of peri-implant in implants...

Methods Patient population In the present retrospective study, 47 dental implants (C-Tech Esthetic Line implants) from 20 patients (11 female, 9 male) with a mean age of 58.5 years (45–75 years) were analyzed clinically and radiologically. Implant placement and follow-up investigation was performed at the HL Dentclinic in Baden-Baden, Germany. The study was approved by the ethics commissio...

Background: Investigation of peri-implant in impla...

Regarding the stability of peri-implant hard and soft tissue, biological or anatomical factors are not the only elements that could be proven to have an impact. Technical factors such as the implant-abutment connection are also known to be key factors for long-term stable hard- and soft-tissue health [11]. Regarding the implant-abutment connection, which seems to be the key issue, located on the i...

Background: Investigation of peri-implant in impla...

However, in most patients, the local bone amount is reduced due to atrophy, inflammatory processes, or resectional defects. Therefore, in the past few years, different techniques have been described to enlarge the local bone amount in prospective implant sites [7]. Besides methods such as GBR or the sinus augmentation technique, different augmentation materials have been investigated and establish...

Background: Investigation of peri-implant in impla...

Background   The prevalence of peri-implantitis has grown in the past few years and has become a major issue in implant dentistry. Long-term stable and healthy soft- and hard-tissue conditions should be achieved in combination with esthetically and functionally satisfying results. However, the rising number of placed implants in the past decades has come with an increase in the prevalence of ...

Investigation of peri-implant in implants

Investigation of peri-implant tissue conditions and peri-implant tissue stability in implants placed with simultaneous augmentation procedure: a 3-year retrospective follow-up analysis of a newly developed bone level implant system Abstract Background Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been proven to be a reliable therapy to regenerate missing bone in cases of atrophy of the alveolar crest. T...

Figure 1. Flow diagram

Figure 1. Flow diagram Figure 1. Flow diagram

Table 5 Average differences in BoP, SoP, and PPD b...

Table 5 Average differences in BoP, SoP, and PPD between the control and test group at 3-month follow-up Outcome variable Crude modelaβ (95% CI) p value Adjusted modelbβ (95% CI) p-value % Sites BoP% Sites SoPMean PPD 16.2 (−7.9 to 40.3)0.0 (−10.9 to 10.9)0.6 (−0.6 to 1.8) 0.7431.0000.205 7.9 (−16.4 to 32.3)0.7 (−10.1 to 11.4)0.2 (−1.0 to 1.3) 0.8210.882...

Table 4 Descriptive statistics of clinical paramet...

Table 4 Descriptive statistics of clinical parameters     Control Test T0 (n = 22) T3 (n = 20) T0 (n = 31) T3 (n = 30) Plaque % of sites (SD)% of implants (n) 4.5 (12.5)13.6 (3) 10.0 (18.8)25.0 (5) 4.0 (9.3)16.1 (5) 2.5 (7.6)9.7 (3) BoP % of sites (SD)% of implants (n) 86.4 (18.5)100 (22) 28.8 (35.6)50 (10) 66.1 (29.3)96.8 (30) 39.2 (31.3...

Table 3 Log-transformed mean bacterial anaerobic c...

Table 3 Log-transformed mean bacterial anaerobic counts (SD) for the control and test group before (T0) and 3 months after (T3) the surgical treatment (paperpoint samples) N = 47a Total anaerobic bacterial loadLog-transformed mean (SD)   T0 T3 Difference β (95% CI)b p value Control 6.69 (1.32) 6.31 (1.30) 0.38 (1.36) −0.26 (−0.84–0.33) 0.377 ...

Table 2 Log-transformed mean bacterial anaerobic c...

Table 2 Log-transformed mean bacterial anaerobic counts (SD) of culture-positive implants for the control and test group before (Tpre) and after (Tpost) debridement and decontamination of the implant surface (intra-operative microbrush samples) N = 40a Total anaerobic bacterial loadLog-transformed mean (SD)   Tpre Tpost Difference β (95% CI)b p value Control 5.57 ...

Table 1 Characteristics of included patients/impla...

Table 1 Characteristics of included patients/implants Characteristics Control Test Number of patients 14 14 Age (years; mean [SD]) 57.0 (13.7) 60.9 (7.2) Gender; M (male), F (female) M5, F9 M7, F7 Smoking; n subjects (%) 1 (7%) 3 (21%) History of periodontitis; n subjects (%) 4 (29%) 5 (36%) Dental status; n subjects (%) - Partially edentul...

References : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

References Lang NP, Berglundh T, Working Group 4 of Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. Periimplant diseases: where are we now?—Consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(Suppl):11,178–181. Derks J, Tomasi C. Peri-implant health and disease. A systematic review of current epidemiology. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42:158–71. Derks ...

Discussion : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

The residual biofilm area was significantly greater after treatment with phosphoric acid compared to air abrasive treatment with powder or even control treatment without powder. Apparently, only water and air might be effective in reducing the biofilm. Nonetheless, when the titanium surface was viewed under a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), no visible titanium surface change was seen aft...

Discussion : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

A gel as application mode has the great advantage of being precisely applicable with minimal touching of the surrounding bone or connective tissue. A disadvantage of a gel might be the limited flow in deeper areas of the rough implant surface. To overcome this problem, it was decided to continuously rub the etching gel onto the implant surface with a small brush during the decontamination pe...

Discussion : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

Discussion This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the effect of 35% phosphoric etching gel on decontamination of the implant surface during resective surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Both decontamination procedures (mechanical debridement with curettes and gauzes combined with phosphoric acid 35% and mechanical debridement combined with sterile saline) resulted in a sign...

Results : Implant decontamination with phosphoric ...

Clinical outcomes Descriptive statistics of the clinical outcomes at baseline and follow-up are depicted in Table 4. At 3-month follow-up, 75% of the implants (66.7% of the patients) in the control group and 63.3% of the implants (53.8% of the patients) in the test group showed no clinical signs of inflammation (PPD ≤4 mm without bleeding and/or suppuration on probing) (Table 4). The results...

Results : Implant decontamination with phosphoric ...

Results The progress of patients throughout the different phases of the study is illustrated in Fig. 1. Table 1 depicts the baseline demographic patient and implant characteristics. The included patients had a total of 128 implants of which 53 implants showed signs of peri-implantitis. Different implant brands and types with different implant surfaces were present, including Straumann (Strauman...

Statistical analysis : Implant decontamination wit...

Assuming a two-sided two sample t test with a significance level (α) of 0.05 and a power (β) of 80% required a sample size of 34 implants. A 20% compensation for dropouts was taken into account (34/0.8 = 42.5 implants). Based on a previous study [10], it was expected that not all baseline microbiological samples would yield a detectable number of cultivable bacteria ([10], 19 out of 79 =...

Randomization : Implant decontamination with phosp...

Peri-implant pocket depth was measured at four sites per implant (mesial, buccal, distal, and lingual) using a pressure sensitive probe (KerrHawe Click Probe®, Bioggo, Switzerland) (probe force of 0.25 N). Bleeding and suppuration were scored up to 30s after pocket probing. Microbiological peri-implant sulcus samples were collected from each implant with peri-implantitis using four sterile paper...

Outcomes : Implant decontamination with phosphoric...

Angular bony defects were eliminated, and bone was recontoured using a rotating round bur under saline irrigation. Mucosal flaps were apically positioned and firmly sutured (Vicryl Plus® 3-0; Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA), and suprastructures were re-positioned. For both control and test group, surgery was followed by 2 weeks of mouth rinsing with 0.12% CHX + 0.05% CPC without alcohol t...

Interventions : Implant decontamination with phosp...

Interventions The study protocol was based on the study protocols of two previous studies evaluating the decontaminating effect of chlorhexidine during surgical peri-implantitis treatment [10, 32] and is briefly described below. Within 1 month before surgical treatment, all patients received extensive oral hygiene instructions and mechanical non-surgical debridement of implants and remaining de...

Methods : Implant decontamination with phosphoric ...

Methods Trial design The present study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of 35% phosphoric etching gel (test group) compared to the effect of saline (control group) for implant surface decontamination combined with mechanical debridement during surgical peri-implantitis treatment. Patients were randomly assigned to the test or control group using a one-to-one al...

Background : Implant decontamination with phosphor...

Background Triggered host defense responses initiate inflammation of the peri-implant soft tissue (peri-implant mucositis), which can lead to loss of peri-implant supporting bone (peri-implantitis), and eventually, result in implant failure [1]. An increasing prevalence of peri-implantitis has been described in recent literature [2], with current incidence ranging from 1 to 47%. A non-linear, acc...

Implant decontamination with phosphoric acid

Implant decontamination with phosphoric acid during surgical peri-implantitis treatment: a RCT Abstract Background Peri-implantitis is known as an infectious disease that affects the peri-implant soft and hard tissue. Today, scientific literature provides very little evidence for an effective intervention protocol for treatment of peri-implantitis. The aim of the present randomized controlled t...

Figure 6. BIC percentage measured with ImageJ anal...

  Figure 6. BIC percentage measured with ImageJ analysis software

Figure 5. Time arrow about the stages of the study

  Figure 5. Time arrow about the stages of the study

Figure 4. A 2-month period was allowed for plaque ...

  Figure 4. A 2-month period was allowed for plaque retention and peri-implantitis

Figure 3. Silk ligatures placed in a submarginal p...

Figure 3. Silk ligatures placed in a submarginal position around the implants

Figure 2. Edentulous posterior mandible of the dog...

Figure 2. Edentulous posterior mandible of the dog at 3 months after tooth extraction  

Figure 1. Flowchart of the research design employe...

  Figure 1. Flowchart of the research design employed in the study. *Three dogs were used in each group 1 and 2. Three implants were inserted right side of the mandibles. After peri-implantitis period, extracted implants were inserted into the left side of the mandibles. **Two dogs were used in each group 3 and 4. Six failed implants from human inserted into the one dog’s mandible bilaterall...

Table 3 Inter- and intra-group ISQ analysis and me...

Table 3 Inter- and intra-group ISQ analysis and measurements on day of surgery and at 3-month follow-up     Mean ± SDISQ day 0 Mean ± SDISQ at 3 month p Group 1 69.33 ± 8.48 77.77 ± 1.78 .019 Group 2 68.88 ± 5.90 79.44 ± 2.55 .001* Group 3 71.77 ± 5.71 75.11 ± 5.84 .366 Group 4 70.44 ± 5.15 79.12 ± 4...

Table 2 Comparison of BIC percentages of 3 mm cres...

Table 2 Comparison of BIC percentages of 3 mm crestal area of the implants at 3-month follow-up Group 1[Mean ± SD] Group 2[Mean ± SD] Group3[Mean ± SD] Group 4[Mean ± SD] p 77.67 ± 5.03 75.28 ± 10.65 71.86 ± 8.34 80.63 ± 5.58 .144*

Table 1 Comparison of BIC percentages of over the ...

Group 1[Mean ± SD] Group 2[Mean ± SD] Group3[Mean ± SD] Group 4[Mean± SD] p 83.39 ± 6.37 79.93 ± 11.83 75.45 ± 9.09 80.53 ± 5.22 290*

Discussion : Reusing dental implants (3)

Levin et al. conducted a similar study and investigated the success rate of retrieved dental implants that were re-implanted into dogs. The infected implants were re-implanted into dog jaws without any chemical or mechanical cleaning and the authors reported that there was no difference in terms of BIC percentage between the infected/reinserted and new dental implants after a...

Discussion : Reusing dental implants (2)

Levin et al. conducted a similar study and investigated the success rate of retrieved dental implants that were re-implanted into dogs. The infected implants were re-implanted into dog jaws without any chemical or mechanical cleaning and the authors reported that there was no difference in terms of BIC percentage between the infected/reinserted and new dental implants after an appropriate he...

Discussion : Reusing dental implants (1)

Discussion Approximately two million new dental implants are inserted per year around the world and tens of millions of implants are still in use. Moreover, it is estimated that approximately 200,000–250,000 implants are removed every year. Peri-implantitis is the major cause of the implant retrieval and also the most common complication caused by implant surgery. Mombelli et al. reported...

Results : Reusing dental implants

Results The experimental period and the laboratory workup of the study were unremarkable. Surgical operations were uneventful and the post-operative healing periods were completed with no complications. Histologic analysis and the ISQ values indicated that osseointegration was achieved in all the implants. Histomorphometric analysis Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that adequate bone f...

Methods : Reusing dental implants (4)

Removal and preparation of the implant-bone specimens The implants with a neighboring bone were removed en bloc, and the adhesive soft tissues were dissected to investigate the healing status and the bone-implant contact (BIC) percentage. The specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 48 h and dehydrated in subsequent concentrations of 70–99.9% ethanol. After dehydration, the sp...

Methods : Reusing dental implants (3)

Subsequently, the implant surfaces were rinsed with sterile saline solution and then all the implants were inserted in the contralateral side of the mandible of the same dog. After a 3-month osseointegration period, the animals were sacrificed with a high dose of pentobarbital (i.v.). In group 2, the same procedures were applied as in group 1. However, unlike the implants in group 1, the implants...

Methods : Reusing dental implants (2)

Infiltration anesthesia with 2% articaine (Ultracaine DS, Sanofi Aventis Drugs, Istanbul, Turkey) was applied to the premolar area for hemostasis and for post-operative pain control. A full-thickness vestibular flap was elevated gently, and surgical tooth extraction was performed using surgical burs with straight elevators. Surgical wounds were closed with 3/0 vicryl sutures and streptomycin 0.5 g...

Methods : Reusing dental implants (1)

Methods Research design This in vivo study had a comparative, randomized, prospective research design, and each group consisted of 10 male beagle dogs that were veterinarian-controlled, healthy, and of similar weight. Animal Research Reporting in Vivo Experiment (ARRIVE) guidelines were used, and surgical procedure was approved by the Local Animal Experiments Ethical Committee of Erciyes Unive...

Background : Reusing dental implants

Background Branemark et al. conducted the first experimental trial with titanium dental implants and created a new vision by defining the term “osseointegration” in the 1960s. Despite the advances in implant technology and protocols and the accumulating evidence in the literature, implant failure/loss may still occur due to several reasons. On the other hand, although dental implant therapy...

Reusing dental implants

Reusing dental implants: an experimental study for detecting the success rates of re-osseointegration   Abstract Background The aim of this study was to histomorphometrically compare the implant-host integration between retrieved implants and new implants. Methods Jaws in 10 male beagle dogs were divided into four groups, and 36 dental implants were inserted into the jaws. In groups 1 and...

Table 2 Risk of bias of the included studies

Author Year Study type Selection bias (homogeneity and confounders) Performance bias (fidelity to protocol) Attrition bias (loss of participants) Detection bias (reliable measures) Reporting bias (selective reporting or conflict interests) Summary assessment risk of bias Alsaadi 2007 Retrospective H U U L L L Aguilar-Salvatierra 2015 Prospective H L L L L...

Table 1 List of the included studies and its main ...

Table 1 List of the included studies and its main characteristics   Author Year Study type Diabetes type Control Diabetes therapy Glycemic control [HbA1c %] Duration of diabetes (years) Number of patients Number of implants Duration of study (years) Implant survival [%] Conclusion Alsaadi 2007 Retrospective Type II Non-diabetes n.d. n.d. n.d. 2004 (overall) 6...

Figure 1. Selection process of the included litera...

Figure 1. Selection process of the included literature

References : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus...

References Moraschini V, Poubel LA, Ferreira VF, Barboza Edos S. Evaluation of survival and success rates of dental implants reported in longitudinal studies with a follow-up period of at least 10 years: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44(3):377–88. Khader YS, Dauod AS, El-Qaderi SS, Alkafajei A, Batayha WQ. Periodontal status of diabetics compared with nondiabetics...

Conclusion : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus...

  Conclusions The literature included to this review is very heterogeneous concerning the investigated objects, methods, and conclusions. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. When looking at the complications and side effects resulting from diabetes, it is important to know which type of diabetes the pati...

Results : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus—...

While four studies conclude better implant survival and less peri-implant complications in the well-controlled group, the three others see no difference in implant success even in the poorly controlled patients. The study of Khandelwal treated exclusively patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c 7.5–11.4 %) and had 98 % implant survival, after 4 months; therefore, he concluded that impla...

Results : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus—...

  Diabetes and bone augmentation We identified two prospective studies that evaluated “advanced” implant surgery covering sinus lift procedure and guided bone regeneration. The study of Erdogan consists of type II diabetics moderately and well-controlled (HbA1c 6–7.5 %) with a mean duration of disease of 7.5 years and a healthy control group. Augmentation of the maxilla was perform...

Results : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus—...

 The bleeding on probing is more often in the poorly controlled population, but the probing depth is not increased. Diabetes and implant survival Implant survival is an easily defined and measured endpoint for dental implant therapy. Nearly every study reports its implant survival rate. Our literature search identified 18 publications with these data. We divided them into two groups: the ...

Results : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus—...

The results in the prospective study of Gomez-Moreno show that elevated HbA1c causes more bone resorption after 3 years, but this effect is not significant. We identified two prospective studies investigating the influence of type II diabetes on osseointegration. They are published by the same author but are independent studies from different years. In both studies, the patients included...

Results : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus—...

Results Study selection There are no guidelines existing to the topic of dental implants and diabetes mellitus. A total of 327 potentially relevant titles and abstracts were found by the electronic search and additional evaluation of reference lists. During the first screening, 230 publications were excluded based on the title and keywords. Additionally, 24 titles were excluded based on abstract...

Materials & methods : Dental implants and diabetes...

Materials and methods The substructure of the systematic review is based on the PRISMA statement. The focused question according to the PICO schema is: “Do diabetic patients with dental implants have a higher complication rate in comparison to healthy controls?” Search strategies The systematic literature search was performed by an independent scientist (Burkhard Kunzendorf). The following ...

Review : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus—a...

Review Introduction Today, dental implants are one of the restorative methods to replace missing teeth. Improvements in implant design, surface characteristics, and surgical protocols made implants a secure and highly predictable procedure with a mean survival rate of 94.6 % and a mean success rate of 89.7 % after more than 10 years. Implant survival is initially dependent on successful osseoi...

Dental implants and diabetes mellitus—a systemat...

Abstract Dental implant surgery has developed to a widely used procedure for dental rehabilitation and is a secure and predictable procedure. Local and systemic risk factors can result in higher failure rates. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that goes in with hyperglycemia and causes multifarious side effects. Diabetes as a relative contraindication for implant surgery is controversially...

Results : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus (5...

While four studies conclude better implant survival and less peri-implant complications in the well-controlled group, the three others see no difference in implant success even in the poorly controlled patients. The study of Khandelwal treated exclusively patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c 7.5–11.4 %) and had 98 % implant survival, after 4 months; therefore, he concluded that implant the...

Results : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus (4...

  Diabetes and bone augmentation We identified two prospective studies that evaluated “advanced” implant surgery covering sinus lift procedure and guided bone regeneration. The study of Erdogan consists of type II diabetics moderately and well-controlled (HbA1c 6–7.5 %) with a mean duration of disease of 7.5 years and a healthy control group. Augmentation of the maxilla was performed by g...

Results : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus (3...

The bleeding on probing is more often in the poorly controlled population, but the probing depth is not increased. Diabetes and implant survival Implant survival is an easily defined and measured endpoint for dental implant therapy. Nearly every study reports its implant survival rate. Our literature search identified 18 publications with these data. We divided them into two groups: the first on...

Results : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus (2...

We identified two prospective studies investigating the influence of type II diabetes on osseointegration. They are published by the same author but are independent studies from different years. In both studies, the patients included were stratified by HbA1c levels as well-controlled (HbA1c 6.1–8 %), moderately controlled (HbA1c 8.1–10 %), and poorly controlled (HbA1c ≥10 %). The healthy...

Materials & methods : Dental implants and diabetes...

  Materials and methods The substructure of the systematic review is based on the PRISMA statement. The focused question according to the PICO schema is: “Do diabetic patients with dental implants have a higher complication rate in comparison to healthy controls?” Search strategies The systematic literature search was performed by an independent scientist (Burkhard Kunzendorf). The follow...

Conclusions : Dental implants and diabetes mellitu...

Conclusions The literature included to this review is very heterogeneous concerning the investigated objects, methods, and conclusions. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. When looking at the complications and side effects resulting from diabetes, it is important to know which type of diabetes the patient suffers from, if...

Results : Dental implants and diabetes mellitus (1...

Results Study selection There are no guidelines existing to the topic of dental implants and diabetes mellitus. A total of 327 potentially relevant titles and abstracts were found by the electronic search and additional evaluation of reference lists. During the first screening, 230 publications were excluded based on the title and keywords. Additionally, 24 titles were excluded based on abstract...

Introduction : Dental implants and diabetes mellit...

Introduction Today, dental implants are one of the restorative methods to replace missing teeth. Improvements in implant design, surface characteristics, and surgical protocols made implants a secure and highly predictable procedure with a mean survival rate of 94.6 % and a mean success rate of 89.7 % after more than 10 years. Implant survival is initially dependent on successful osseointegration...

Dental implants and diabetes mellitus—a systemat...

Abstract Dental implant surgery has developed to a widely used procedure for dental rehabilitation and is a secure and predictable procedure. Local and systemic risk factors can result in higher failure rates. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that goes in with hyperglycemia and causes multifarious side effects. Diabetes as a relative contraindication for implant surgery is controversially...

Table 3 Quantitative analysis of CFU counts

Table 3 Quantitative analysis of CFU counts (× 105) from rough and machined surface implants after cleansing by each method   Rough surface Cont G US Air Rot Las Median 137.5 3.4 46.5 13.0 4.8 16.3 Min 73.0 0.3 6.8 0.5 0.6 3.0 Max 785.0 27.0 240.0 35.5 37.0 34.0 Machine surface Cont G US Air Rot Las Median 84.5 0.9 8.5 3.2 3.3 ...

Table 2 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of ...

Table 2 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of micro- and macrothread areas of machined surface implants   Machined surface (microthread) No effect Fair Good Excellent G       + US     +   Air     +   Rot       + Las   +     Machined surface (macrothread) No effect Fair Good Excellent G       + US...

Table 1 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of ...

Table 1 Qualitative evaluation by SEM analysis of micro- and macrothread areas of rough surface implants   Rough surface (microthread) No effect Fair Good Excellent G     +   US   +     Air   +     Rot     +   Las +       Rough surface (macrothread) No effect Fair Good Excellent G     +   US     ...

Figure 6. Comparison of cleansability of each deco...

  Figure 6. Comparison of cleansability of each decontamination method on the different implant surfaces. Asterisk indicates p < 0.05

Figure 5. Quantitative analysis of CFU counts on i...

  Figure 5. Quantitative analysis of CFU counts on rough and machined surface implants after cleansing by each method. Asterisk represents vs Cont; a, vs G; b, vs US; c, vs Air; d, vs Rot; e, vs Las which indicates p < 0.05

Figure 4. SEM analysis of 4 areas. 1 Rough surface...

Figure 4. SEM analysis of 4 areas. 1 Rough surface—microthread area. 2 Rough surface—macrothread area. 3 Machined surface—microthread area. 4 Machined surface—macrothread area

Figure 3. Decontamination methods

  Figure 3. Decontamination methods. a Gauze soaked in saline applied using a sawing motion. b Ultrasonic scaler (SUPRASSON P-MAX, Satelec-Acteon group, Bordeaux, France, power setting: P5, tip: Implant Protect IP3L/R). c Air abrasives (AIR-FLOW MASTER PIEZON®, EMS, Nyon, Switzerland, power setting: water flow 100%, air pressure 75%, powder: AIR-FLOW® PERIO POWDER, nozzle: PERIO-FLOW®...

Figure 2. GC Aadva® implant; 3.3-mm diameter, 8-m...

Figure 2. GC Aadva® implant; 3.3-mm diameter, 8-mm length

Figure 1. Hard resin splint model carrying 6 impla...


Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Surface characteristics Through SEM analysis and CFU counts, it was demonstrated that, except for the Er:YAG laser, decontamination of the machined surface implant was easier than that of the rough surface implant regardless of decontamination method. Gauze soaked in saline and the ultrasonic scaler demonstrated a statistically significant difference in CFU counts between the two surfaces. ...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Our results are also in accordance with their results in terms of the high cleansability of the rotary metal instrument. In addition, the cotton pellet showed moderate cleansability among the tested methods, but the cleansing time for the cotton pellet (60 s) was shorter than that of the titanium brush with (120 s + 60 s)/without (120 s) photodynamic therapy. If adjusting the d...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Charalampakis et al. examined the effectiveness of mechanical and chemical decontamination methods using titanium disks contaminated intraorally. They employed four decontamination methods: gauze in saline, chlorhexidine, delmopinol, and an essential oil mixture. The authors discovered there was no significant difference in CFU counts among the four methods. In the present study, our findin...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

However, the rotary stainless steel instrument created numerous shallow scratches, especially on machined surface implants. John et al. compared the supragingival plaque cleansability of a rotary titanium instrument to that of a stainless metal curette on contaminated titanium disks. The residual biofilm area left on implant treated with the rotary titanium instrument was significantl...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

However, the rotary stainless steel instrument created numerous shallow scratches, especially on machined surface implants. John et al. compared the supragingival plaque cleansability of a rotary titanium instrument to that of a stainless metal curette on contaminated titanium disks. The residual biofilm area left on implant treated with the rotary titanium instrument was significantl...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Regarding the air abrasives, the cleansing effect in the SEM analysis was also as considerable as that achieved by the ultrasonic scaler in the present study, in contrast to the results of the aforementioned study. Louropoulou et al. also stated in their systematic review that an air-powder abrasive system with sodium bicarbonate powder could cleanse contaminated rough/smooth implant surface...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

The SEM analysis demonstrated that three different rough surface disks harbored complex and firmly attached biofilms after gauze scrubbing irrespective of which antiseptic or saline was used. However, the disks with a turned surface hosted fewer biofilm clusters after scrubbing. This finding is in line with our result showing the better cleansability of gauze soaked in saline on the m...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Augthun et al. examined the cultivability of mouse fibroblasts after cleansing machined or plasma-splayed surface implants carried on acrylic plates that had been contaminated with supragingival plaque from individuals. A plastic hand scaler and an air-abrasive system with sodium bicarbonate powder were employed in their study. A similar number of viable fibroblasts were observed after clean...

Discussion : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Discussion Study design This study was performed following an ex vivo design to overcome the drawbacks of previous studies. One particular difference in this study was the use of a commercially available screw-shaped implant. As the implant shape and design have rather complicated macro- and microstructures compared with titanium disks or different forms of titanium commonly used in experi...

Results : Evaluation of decontamination methods on...

Results Complications During the experiment, three participants experienced small ulcers caused by the implants carried on the splints; however, it did not affect their daily life. Additionally, there were no signs of gingival inflammation in any participant. SEM analysis (Fig 4, Tables 1 and 2) Rough surface implants G and Rot achieved relatively clean implant surfaces compared with Las in...

Materials & methods : Evaluation of decontaminatio...

This study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of Osaka University (H26.E-36). SEM analysis The SEM analysis was performed as previously described. The decontaminated implant samples were fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde-RPMI 1640 immediately for 1 h at room temperature and washed with distilled water. Then, the samples were dehydrated with 100% t-butyl alcohol and freeze-dried. Finall...

Materials & methods : Evaluation of decontaminatio...

At the end of the 4-day experimental period, the implants were carefully removed from the splints by breaking the resin caps that held them in place. Each implant was randomly assigned to a treatment method (Cont, control (no decontamination); G, gauze soaked in saline; US, ultrasonic scaler (SUPRASSON P-MAX, Satelec-Acteon Group, Bordeaux, France; power setting: P5, tip: Implant Protect IP3L/R); ...

Materials & methods : Evaluation of decontaminatio...

Materials and methods Study subjects Eleven participants, nine men and two women between 28 and 42 years of age (mean age 31.3 ± 4.6), were recruited as the study subjects. All participants provided informed consent verbally. Study information was disseminated to participants both verbally and in written form. The inclusion criteria were as follows: Generally healthy subjects Dent...

Background : Evaluation of decontamination methods...

Background Dental implants are now used broadly for recovering loss of masticatory function and esthetics. Although it has been revealed that dental implants can often survive long term, biological and mechanical complications may arise. Recent cross-sectional and retrospective studies noted a higher prevalence of peri-implantitis at the implant and subject level than previously considered. Add...

Evaluation of decontamination methods of oral biof...

Abstract Background To evaluate the effect of several representative decontamination methods of oral biofilms on different implant surfaces. Material and methods Eleven participants wore a hard resin splint carrying 6 rough (GC Aadva® implant; 3.3-mm diameter, 8-mm length) or machined (not commercially available) surface implants for 4 days to accumulate dental plaque naturally on the ti...

Figure 5. The effect of grade 4 and grade 5 implan...

  Figure 5. The effect of grade 4 and grade 5 implant particles on human gingival fibroblast viability in vitro. Viability was determined using an MTT metabolic activity assay. Cells were exposed to either a dissolution products (ions and nanoparticles) or b culture medium containing suspended implant particles throughout the duration of the culture period. Cells were exposed to various con...

Figure 4. Titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) content i...

  Figure 4. Titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) content in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). a, b Dissolution products (media filtered through 0.2 μm PTFE membrane following initial soaking of the particles for 3 days) and c, d DMEM sampled during cell culture studies where cells were cultured with the particles over a period of 10 days (particles removed prior to ICP measurem...

Figure 3. Titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) release f...

  Figure 3. Titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) release from the particles in simulated body fluid (SBF). Experimental duration was 10 days. Results presented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 3

Figure 2. EDX spectra of particles produced by the...

  Figure 2. EDX spectra of particles produced by the mock implantoplasty procedure (SEM images in Fig. 1). a, b Particles from grade 4 commercially pure titanium implant, a angular microparticles and b small spheres. c, d particles from grade 5 titanium alloy, c angular microparticles and d small spheres (grade 5)    

Figure 1. Representative photo of implants and SEM...

  Figure 1. Representative photo of implants and SEM images of particles produced by mock implantoplasty procedure. a–c Straumann 021.4512, bone level, diameter 4.1 mm, regular CrossFit®, SLA® 12 mm Roxolid® (commercially pure grade 4 titanium). d–f Biohorizons PBR 50105, RBT 5.0 × 10.5 mm, 5.7 Platform (grade 5 titanium alloy). Arrows indicate titanium oxide spheres. Scale ba...

Discussion : Particle release from implantoplasty ...

Further, the effect of implant particles on other cell types within the oral and systemic environments should not be overlooked. Although the health hazards of FPs and NPs are relatively less well established, literature in the fields of toxicology does indicate a glimpse of possible toxicity that should compel clinicians to carefully weigh the possible adverse human health effec...

Discussion : Particle release from implantoplasty ...

This is due to the lack of vanadium and possibly larger particle size. Here, G5 particles are. Although a range of particle size of G5 was measured in this study, a portion of the particles generated from the mock implatoplasty process in the current study is comparable to that reported by Pioletti et al.. The internalisation of G5 particles, especially sub-micron particles, and the su...

Discussion : Particle release from implantoplasty ...

There was no distinct difference in the amount of titanium ions released from G4 and G5 particles. Direct exposure to G5 implant particles in culture did result in significantly reduced cell viability at all-time points, from 3 to 10 days of culture, while G4 implant particles demonstrated no adverse effect on cell viability (Fig. 5b). The cytotoxic effects of vanadium are well docum...

Discussion : Particle release from implantoplasty ...

Discussion Unalloyed titanium, often referred to as commercially pure grade 4 titanium (CpTi), usually contains some trace elements of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and iron (American Society for Testing and Materials international standards). These trace elements improve the mechanical properties of CpTi and are found in higher amounts from grade 1 to 4 CpTi. Many dental implants are made from ...

Results : Particle release from implantoplasty of ...

Results Particles released from implants following the mock implantoplasty procedure were collected, and microparticle size of particles produced from the grade 4 (G4) and grade 5 (G5) implants was 77.4 ± 9.1 μm (modal number 66.3 μm) and 48.4 ± 6.4 μm respectively (modal number 43.1 μm). DLS analysis showed nano-sized particles were also present: hydrodynamic diameters were 125.4...

Materials & methods : Particle release from implan...

The media were filtered through 0.2 μm PTFE membrane syringe filters following incubation to remove the particles before use in cell culture. Group 2 (particle): Sterilised grade 4 and 5 Ti particles were suspended in DMEM at concentrations of 0.75, 1.5 and 3 mg ml−1 and used for cell culture without filtering. Basal DMEM and DMEM containing unprocessed grade 4 and 5 implants were used a...

Materials & methods : Particle release from implan...

Ion release from titanium particles Simulated body fluid (SBF) was chosen as the dissolution test solution as we were interested in what happens when the particles become embedded in the soft/hard tissue rather than their interaction with saliva. SBF was prepared using the Kokubo method. Seven hundred millilitres of deionised (DI) water in a 1-L polypropylene beaker was warmed to 37 °C in a wa...

Materials & methods : Particle release from implan...

Materials and methods Materials Reagents and solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset UK). Commercially pure grade 4 titanium implants (n = 3) were purchased from Straumann (Sussex UK, Model number 021.4512, bone-level implant diameter 4.1 mm, Regular CrossFit®, SLA® 12 mm Roxolid®) (Fig. 1a). Grade 5 Ti-6Al-4 V titanium alloy implants were purchased from Biohorizons (Berk...

Background : Particle release from implantoplasty ...

However, if previous records are available, then the diagnosis can be made with any increase in pocket depth with post remodelling bone loss of greater than 0.5 mm in the presence of bleeding and/or suppuration on gentle probing, A number of studies suggested this inflammatory disease is associated with anaerobic plaque bacteria. It has also been suggested peri-implantitis can also be related to...

Background : Particle release from implantoplasty ...

Background Dental implants offer a viable long-term treatment option for patients with missing teeth. The use of metallic dental implants has relatively high reliability and long-term success rates; however, it is not without complications and the need for ongoing maintenance persists. Particles are generated during the life span of an implant, and this can have significant physiological implic...

Particle release from implantoplasty of dental imp...

Abstract Background With increasing numbers of dental implants placed annually, complications such as peri-implantitis and the subsequent periprosthetic osteolysis are becoming a major concern. Implantoplasty, a commonly used treatment of peri-implantitis, aims to remove plaque from exposed implants and reduce future microbial adhesion and colonisation by mechanically modifying the implant sur...

Definisi kasus & pertimbangan diagnosa : Penyakit ...

Bagaimana kita mendefinisikan kasus peri‐implantitis dalam keadaan pendidikan dan praktek sehari-hari? Diagnosa peri‐implantitis membutuhkan: keberadaan pendarahan dan/ atau penanahan dengan probing lembut. Peningkatan kedalaman probing bila dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan sebelumnya. Keberadaan penyusutan tulang di luar perubahan tingkat tulang kresta yang diperoleh dari pemodelan ula...

Definisi kasus & pertimbangan diagnostik : Penyaki...

Definisi kasus dan karakteristik peri-implant saras, mukositis peri-implant, dan peri-implantitis berikut harus dilihat dalam konteks beberapa faktor pembaur tersembunyi. Diketahui bahwa tidak ada implant generik dan bahwa ada banyak desain implant dengan karakteristik permukaan, protokol bedah dan pembebanan yang berbeda. Tingkat pemodelan ulang fisiologi pasca pemasangan implant dapat berbeda...

Kekurangan jaringan lunak & jaringan keras : Penya...

Apa faktor utama yang berkaitan dengan kekurangan jaringan lunak & jaringan keras pada tempat yang akan dipasangi implant? Proses penyembuhan pasca kehilangan gigi marakke penyusutan matra proses alveolar / punggungan alveolar yang menggambarkan kekurangan jaringan lunak dan jaringan keras. Kekurangan yang lebih besar dapat terjadi di tempat yang terpapar faktor-faktor berikut: hilangnya duku...

Peri-implantitis : Penyakit dan ketentuan peri‐i...

What is peri‐implantitis? Peri-implantitis adalah kondisi patologi yang berhubungan dengan plak atau gadhel, yang terjadi pada jaringan di sekeliling implant gigi, ditandai dengan peradangan pada mukosa peri-implant, dan selanjutnya diikuti dengan kehilangan tulang pendukung progresif. Apa buktinya gadhel / biofilm merupakan faktor etiologi utama untuk terjadinya peri‐implantitis? ...

Mukositis peri‐implant : Penyakit & ketentuan pe...

Apa ciri klinis mukositis peri-implant? Ciri klinis utama mukositis peri-implant adalah perdarahan kala probing lembut. Eritema, bengkak, dan / atau nanah juga bisa muncul. Apakah mukositis peri‐implant bisa ada tanpa tanda-tanda klinis peradangan? Tanda-tanda klinis peradangan dibutuhkan untuk diagnosa mukositis peri-implant. Bagaimana kedalaman probing berkaitan dengan pengenal...

Peri-implant saras : Penyakit dan ketentuan peri...

Peri-implant saras : Penyakit dan ketentuan peri‐implant Apa ciri klinis tempat peri-implant yang saras? Tempat kedudukan peri-implat yang saras dicirikan dengan erithema, pendarahan kala  probing, pembengkakan dan nanah. Apa perbedaan klinis utama antara peri implant yang saras dan jaringan periodontal? Dalam keadaan saras, tidak ada perbedaan yang nampak antara jaringan peri‐imp...

Pendahuluan : Penyakit dan ketentuan peri‐implan...

Tujuan Workgroup 4 adalah untuk menyajikan penggolongan tentang penyakit dan ketentuan peri-implant. Lima karya tulis posisi yang menjelaskan ciri peri-implant saras, mukositis peri-implant, peri-implantitis, kekurangan jaringan lunak, kekurangan jaringan keras, penentuan kasus, dan pertimbangan diagnostik disiapkan sebelum lokakarya. Dalam menyiapkan laporan konsensus mengenai kr...

Penyakit peri-implant dan ketentuan-ketentuannya

Laporan konsensus kelompok kerja 4 tahun 2017 Lokakarya Buana Tentang Penggolangan Penyakit Periodontal dan Peri-implant Beserta Ketentuan-Ketentuannya Abstrak Penggolongan untuk penyakit peri-implant dan ketentuannya disajikan dalam lokakarya tersebut. Pertanyaan berfokus pada ciri peri‐implant yang saras, mukositis peri‐implant, peri‐implantitis, dan di sini diwedhar pula kekurangan ja...

Pendahuluan : Komposisi imunohistologis jaringan y...

Implant oral memperbesar pilihan perawatan untuk mengganti gigi yang hilang dan sudah terbukti jadi, seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam tinjauan sistematik dengan tindak lanjut jangka panjang. Meskipun tingkat kelangsungan hidup tampak mitayani, peri-implantitis di sekitar implant gigi adalah tantangan dalam praktik sehari-hari, dengan kelumrahan sekitar 20%. Tingkat kelumrahan peri-implantitis sangat...

Komposisi imunohistologi peri‐implantitis yang t...

Latar belakang Tujuan penelitian perintis ini adalah klasifikasi hisologis jaringan lunak peri-implant yang meradang di sekitar implant keramik dibandingkan dengan implant titanium. Metode Jaringan peri-implant diambil dari 15 pasien (berusia 34 hingga 88 tahun, tujuh laki-laki / delapan perempuan) yang menderita peri-implantitis parah (delapan implant keramik, tujuh implant titanium). Sampel j...

Model mukositis peri-implant eksperimental vs lesi...

Penelitian pada manusia Penelitian-penelitian eksperimental pada manusia telah mengevaluasi respons terhadap penumpukan biofilm 3 minggu, sesuai dengan kerangka kala penelitian gingivitis eksperimental oleh Löe et al., di mana reversibilitas lesi radang di seputar gigi ditunjukkan setelah reinstitusi kontrol biofilm setelah 3 minggu. Ada penelitian yang melaporkan biopsi manusia dari jaringan pe...

Tabel 2. Bukti untuk faktor sebagai indikator risi...

Indikator risiko Publiskasi Ringkasan Rasio  ganjil (95% CI), analisis multivariat Signifikansi Keberadaan biofilm plak Roos‐Jansaker et al. 218 subyek, 9 tahun sampai 14 tahun tindak lanjut, analisis multivariat  1.9 (1.2 –2.9) P = 0.004 Skor plak: buruk = skor plak median  1 < x < 2 Ferreira et al. 212 subyek semua non‐smokers, 6 bulan sampai 5 tah...

Persamaan & perbedaan antara indikator / faktor ri...

Persamaan & perbedaan antara indikator / faktor risiko untuk penyakit periodontal vs mukositis peri-implant Tinjauan sistematis terbaru merinkes indikator risiko potensial untuk mukositis peri-implant dan mengidentifikasi penumpukan biofilm dan merokok sebagai indikator risiko. Selain itu, penelitian lintas bagian menunjukkan bahwa skor plak merupakan indikator risiko mukositis peri-implant den...

Indikator / faktor risiko untuk mukositis peri-imp...

Desain prostesis yang didukung implant Aksesibilitas untuk penghapusan biofilm di sekeliling prostesis yang didukung implant memainkan peran penting dalam upaya pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan penyakit peri‐implant. Implant dengan margin restorasi supramukosa metokke penurunan kedalaman probing yang jauh lebih besar setelah perawatan mukositis peri-implant dibandingkan implant dengan margin rest...

Indikator / faktor risiko untuk mukositis peri-imp...

Pada pasien edentula sebagian, mukositis peri-implant pra-ada yang disertai dengan kurangnya kepatuhan pada SIT punya hubungan dengan tingkat kejadian peri-implantitis yang lebih tinggi selama periode tindak lanjut 5 tahun. Weton penelitian itu metokke tingkat kejadian peri-implantitis 5 tahun sebesar 18.0% pada kelompok pasien dengan SIT dan 43.9% dalam kelompok tanpa SIT. Analisis regresi logi...

Indikator / faktor risiko untuk mukositis peri-imp...

Kebersihan mulut Weton penelitian klinis penampang telah dengan jelas menunjukkan bahwa penumpukan biofilm berkaitan dengan adanya mukositis peri-implant di seputar implant gigi yang ter-osseointegrata. Ferreira et al melaporkan tentang 212 pasien yang dirawat dengan tiga sistem implant yang berbeda dan didiagnosis dengan mukositis peri-implant. Semua implant telah berfungsi untuk jangka wayah mu...

Indikator / faktor risiko untuk mukositis peri-imp...

Pada Lokakarya Buana sebelumnya tentang Periodontologi, definisi faktor risiko disetujui sebagai "faktor lingkungan, perilaku, atau biologis yang dikonfirmasi oleh urutan temporal, biasanya dalam studi longitudinal, yang jika ada, secara langsung meningkatkan peluang penyakit terjadi dan, jika tidak ada atau dihapus mengurangi peluang itu." Untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang sebenarnya, but...

Model mukositis peri-implant eksperimental vs lesi...

Penelitian eksperimental pada manusia dan sato telah menunjukkan bahwa penumpukan biofilm de novo memicu lesi radang dalam mukosa peri-implant dengan migrasi leukosit melalui epitel penghalang dan pembentukan infiltrat radang dengan peningkatan proporsi sel T dan sel B di dalam jaringan ikat yang berada dekat dengan epitel penghalang. Model sato Model mukositis peri-implant eksperimental telah...

Mukositis peri-implant yang dipicu biofilm bisakah...

Meskipun hubungan daruna-daruni antara akumulasi biofilm eksperimental dan pengembangan mukositis peri-implant eksperimental diklaim dalam dua penelitian yang disebutkan sebelumnya, kasus untuk hubungan daruna-daruni yang sebenarnya akan diperosa oleh bukti reversibilitas untuk tingkat pra-eksperimental kesarasan mukosa. Dalam penelitian oleh Salvi et al, GI di situs implant turun secara signifik...

Perubahan dari mukosa peri-implant saras jadi peri...

Mukosa peri-implant yang saras ditandai dengan adanya epitel oral yang meluas ke epitel penghalang non-keratin dengan lamina basal dan hemidesmosome yang menghadap ke permukaan implant atau abutmen. Dalam jaringan ikat yang berdekatan dengan penghalang epitel, ada infiltrat sel radang yang menyulihi pertahanan inang terhadap tantangan bakteri. Dalam kondisi mukosa peri-implant yang saras, epitel p...

Tabel 1. Persamaan & perbedaan antara gingivitis t...

    Gingivitis Mukositis peri‐implant Pengertian Peradangan gingival tanpa susut perlekatan periodontal Peradangan mukosa peri‐implant tanpa penyusutan tulang peri-implant berkelanjutan Tanda klinis Kemerahan, bengkak, dan perdarahan dengan probing lembut Kemerahan, bengkak, perdarahan dengan probing lembut, dan nanah Peradangan eksperimental pada manusia P...

Pengertian : Mukositis peri‐implant

Mukosa peri-implan telah didefinisikan dalam lokakarya sebelumnya sebagai lesi inflamasi mukosa yang mengelilingi implant endosseous tanpa kehilangan tulang peri-implant pendukung. Kriteria penting untuk pengertian mukositis peri-implant adalah peradangan pada mukosa peri-implant dan tidak adanya keropos tulang peri-implant marjinal yang berkelanjutan. Tanda klinis peradangan adalah pendarahan pad...

Bahan & metode : Mukositis peri‐implant

Pencarian literatur MEDLINE (PubMed) dan The Cochrane Library hingga dan termasuk 31 Juli 2016, dilakukan menggunakan strategi pencarian (peri-implant[All Fields] AND ("mucositis"[MeSH Terms] OR "mucositis"[All Fields])) OR (periimplant[All Fields] AND mucositis[All Fields]), memunculkan 224 karya kawidyan. Penelitian prospektif, retrospektif, dan lintas bidang dan karya tinjauan yang berfokus pad...

Pendahuluan : Peri‐implant mucositis

Penyakit peri-implant, termasuk peri-implant mucositis dan peri-implantitis, pertama kali didefinisikan dan dijelaskan pada Lokakarya Eropa Pertama tentang Periodontologi di Ittingen pada tahun 1993. Setelah itu, ada banyak lokakarya yang medhar definisi, kelumrahan, dan pengobatan penyakit ini. penyakit. Mucositis peri-implan dianggap sebagai prekursor peri-implantitis. Tujuan dari tinjauan narat...

Mukositis peri-implant

Tujuan Tinjauan naratif ini disiapkan untuk Lokakarya Buana 2017 Akademi Periodontologi Amerika dan Federasi Periodontologi Eropa untuk menanggapi pertanyaan-pertanyaan kunci terkait dengan kondisi klinis mukositis peri-implant, termasuk: definisi mukositis peri-implant, perubahan kesarasan peri-implant jadi lesi mukositis peri-implant yang diinduksi oleh biofilm, reversibilitas mukositis ...

Gambar 1. Peri-implant mucositis vs peri-implantit...

Gambar 1. Peri-implant mucositis vs peri-implantitis vs peri-implant health

Table 2. Evidence for factors as risk indicators f...

Risk indicator Publication Summary Odds ratio (95% CI), multivariate analysis Significance Plaque biofilm presence Roos‐Jansaker et al. 218 subjects, 9‐ to 14‐year follow‐up, multivariate analysis 1.9 (1.2 –2.9) P = 0.004 Plaque score: poor = median plaque score > 1 and 

Similarities & differences between risk indicators...

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RISK INDICATORS/FACTORS FOR PERIODONTAL DISEASES VERSUS PERI‐IMPLANT MUCOSITIS A recent systematic review summarized potential risk indicators for peri‐implant mucositis and identified biofilm accumulation and smoking as risk indicators. In addition, a cross‐sectional study showed that plaque score was a risk indicator for peri‐implant mucositis in a...

Risk indicators / factors for peri-implant mucosit...

Design of implant‐supported prostheses Accessibility for biofilm removal around implant‐supported prostheses plays an important role in the prevention and management of peri‐implant diseases. Implants with supramucosal restoration margins yielded significantly greater reductions in probing depths following treatment of peri‐implant mucositis compared with those with submucosal restoration...

Risk indicators / factors for peri-implant mucosit...

In partially edentulous patients, pre‐existing peri‐implant mucositis in conjunction with lack of adherence to SIT was associated with a higher incidence of peri‐implantitis during a 5‐year follow‐up period. The outcomes of that study yielded a 5‐year incidence of peri‐implantitis of 18.0% in the group of patients with SIT and of 43.9% in the group without SIT, respectively. The ...

Risk indicators / factors for peri-implant mucosit...

Oral hygiene Outcomes of cross‐sectional clinical studies have clearly indicated that biofilm accumulation is associated with the presence of peri‐implant mucositis around osseointegrated dental implants. Ferreira et al. reported on 212 patients treated with three different implant systems and diagnosed with peri‐implant mucositis. All implants had been in function for a period ranging f...

Risk indicators / factors for peri-implant mucosit...

At a previous World Workshop on Periodontology the definition of a risk factor was agreed as, “an environmental, behavioral or biologic factor confirmed by temporal sequence, usually in longitudinal studies, which if present, directly increases the probability of a disease occurring and, if absent or removed reduces that probability.” To identify a true risk factor, prospective studies are req...

Experimental peri-implant mucositis models vs long...

Experimental studies in humans and animals have demonstrated that de novo biofilm accumulation results in an inflammatory lesion within the peri‐implant mucosa with migration of leukocytes through the barrier epithelium and the establishment of an inflammatory infiltrate with an increased proportion of T‐ and B‐cells in the connective tissue adjacent to the barrier epithelium. Animal mod...

Is biofilm-induced peri-implant mucositis a revers...

Although a cause–effect relationship between experimental biofilm accumulation and the development of experimental peri‐implant mucositis was claimed in the two studies mentioned previously, the case for a true cause–effect relationship would be strengthened by the proof of reversibility to pre‐experimental levels of mucosal health. In the study by Salvi et al., the GI at implant sites dr...

Conversion from healthy peri-implant mucosa to per...

Healthy peri‐implant mucosa is characterized by the presence of an oral epithelium extending into a non‐keratinized barrier epithelium with basal lamina and hemidesmosomes facing the implant or abutment surface. In the connective tissue adjacent to the epithelial barrier, inflammatory cell infiltrates representing the host's defense against the bacterial challenge are present. In healthy peri...

Table 1. Similarities and differences between biof...

  Gingivitis Peri‐implant mucositis Definition Gingival inflammation without periodontal attachment loss Peri‐implant mucosal inflammation in absence of continuous marginal peri‐implant bone loss Clinical signs Redness, swelling, and bleeding on gentle probing Redness, swelling, bleeding on gentle probing, and suppuration Experimental inflammation in humans I...

Definition : Peri‐implant mucositis

Peri‐implant mucositis has been defined in previous workshops as an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa surrounding an endosseous implant without loss of supporting peri‐implant bone. The important criteria for the definition of peri‐implant mucositis are inflammation in the peri‐implant mucosa and the absence of continuing marginal peri‐implant bone loss. The clinical sign of inflammation...

Materials & methods : Peri‐implant mucositis

A literature search of MEDLINE (PubMed) and The Cochrane Library up to and including July 31, 2016, was carried out using the search strategy (peri‐implant[All Fields] AND (“mucositis”[MeSH Terms] OR “mucositis”[All Fields])) OR (periimplant[All Fields] AND mucositis[All Fields]), resulting in 224 papers. Prospective, retrospective, and cross‐sectional studies and review papers focused...

Pendahuluan : Peri‐implant mucositis

Peri‐implant diseases, including peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis, were first defined and described at the First European Workshop on Periodontology in Ittingen in 1993. Following this, there have been numerous workshops addressing the definition, prevalence, and treatment of these diseases. Peri‐implant mucositis is considered to be the precursor of peri‐implantitis. The ob...

Peri‐implant mucositis

Objectives This narrative review was prepared for the 2017 World Workshop of the American Academy of Periodontology and European Federation of Periodontology to address key questions related to the clinical condition of peri‐implant mucositis, including: 1) the definition of peri‐implant mucositis, 2) conversion of peri‐implant health to the biofilm‐induced peri‐implant mucositis lesi...

Graft jaringan ikat (2)

Sebaliknya, ketika merawat dehisens jaringan lunak peri-implant, penggunaan CTG sangat dianjurkan, terlepas dari lebar atau ketebalan mukosa berkeratin. Sementara itu, pengganti graft autogen sering digunakan untuk meningkatkan ketebalan jaringan dan meminimalkan resesi mukosa pasca operasi selama penempatan implant segera atau pada pembukaan implant. Beberapa pendekatan pengambilan graft, sepert...

Penyebab peri-implantitis

Peri-implantitis adalah penyakit yang tidak bisa pulih dengan sendirinya. Sekali merusak, maka bekas kerusakannya akan tetap ada. Karena itu, penyakit ini sebaiknya dicegah. Untuk bisa mencegah, Anda perlu tahu penyebabnya.Etiologi peri-implantitisEtiologi atau penyebab peri-implantitis antara lain sebagai berikut:InfeksiPlak yang dibentuk oleh bakteri atau produk turunannya  adalah penyebab infe...

Definisi peri-implantitis

Mengganti gigi ompong dengan gigi implant sudah jadi tren dalam kedokteran gigi modern di negara-negara maju. Prosedur peri-implantitis memberi hasil yang dapat diprediksi tapi sekaligus menimbulkan penyakit baru, yaitu: peri-implantitis. Dibandingkan implant yang sukses dan saras, pasien yang terkena penyakit ini relatif sedikit dan dapat ditangani dengan baik asalkan tidak terlambat. Karena itu...